Transcript EMIC 2011, Perlis

Cloud Covered Southeast Asia: Next SAR Sensors
Generation; Value, Application and Opportunity.
Shahrizal Ide b. Moslin
Space Application and Technology Development Division
Agensi Angkasa Negara (ANGKASA)
Passive and active sensor basics
2
SAR data observation basics
3
Worldwide Radar Mission
Radar Mission
• Synthetic Apature Radar: SEASAT, ERSI 1&2, ALMAZ,
JERS1, SIRC/X-SAR, RADARSAT, MAGELLAN, ASAR,
ENVISAT, ALOS, TERRASAR,COSMO, SARLupe,
Sentinel 1..
• Scattterometers: SEASAT, ERS1, NSCAT, ASCAT,
QUICKSAT
• Altimeters: SEASAT, GEOSAT, ERS1&2, TOPEX,
POSEIDON, Jason 1 – 3, SIRAL, Cyrosat, SRAL
• Rain Radar: TRMM
• Cloud Radar: CloudSat
4
Sample images
5
Sample images
6
Sample images
7
Motivation behind SAR mission
Civilian user point of view
- Day and night capability - All weather capability
- Penetration of EM waves - High resolution
8
Clouds ?
9
Clouds ?
10
RazakSat image statistics
Total Image
Downloaded to date 25
March 2010
(Scenes)
Catalog
Image *
(Scenes)
Image Over
Malaysia
(Scenes)
1300
(All over the world)
824
300
Image Outside Malaysia
(Scenes)
South East Asia = 424
Africa =
53
S. America =
47
Total =
524
• Scene size : 20km X 20km
• Analysis based on image scene received by GRS in Temerloh
• Catalogue image is less than downloaded image is due to IRPS system is not operational to
generate catalogue from 26 Oct until 30 Nov 2009. Total image is expected to be within 824 ~
1300.
11
11
RazakSat image statistics
• Obervations on Malaysia = 300 Scene
No.
Details
1.
Number of images, cloud cover LESS
THAN 75%
2.
Number of images, cloud cover LESS
THAN 75% and time of observation
within 10 am – 2 pm
Observations on
Malaysia
32
19
12
RazakSat image
13
Optical vs. SAR
Characteristics
Optical
SAR
Wavelength (λ)
Order of μm
Order of cm
Availability
Limited by the atmospheric Functional in all weather conditions
conditions (mostly by cloud)
Passive/active
Passive system
Orbit
characteristics
Mostly sun-synchronous
(midday and midnight)
Image
characteristics
-
Active system
orbits Mostly sun-synchronous (dawn and
dusk)
Panchromatic/coloured
images
Shows sun shadows on image Maximum elevation angle: less
than 60 degrees
-
Data are processed to be a
coloured image
No real shadows. Shadows on
image are the absence of data
(no echo sensed by payload)
Not
sensitive
to
antenna/satellite attitude
Ground
Unable to penetrate
Depending on the humidity and
penetration
moisture of ground
High resolution Payload need to have large optical Payload need more power from the
payload
lens or focal length
spacecraft
14
What the people needs from EO
Requirement
Description
Coverage
How much of the globe the EO
system must cover
Persistence
How often images of a particular
location are updated
Resolution
How large the smallest detected
object must be
Image Type
The type of images required for
the application
Command /
All images are updated
Operations
continuously or only on command
15
Problems of using EO data in Malaysia
Problem
Type
Government
sector
Private
sector
University
Total
Percentage
High data
cost
37
8
13
57
61.1 %
Unable to
process EO
data
39
4
11
54
56.8 %
Cloud cover
31
8
11
50
52.6 %
Outdated
image
27
9
4
40
42.1 %
Costly HW
and SW
26
1
11
38
40.0 %
Low spatial
resolution
21
4
10
35
36.8 %
Laporan Kajiselidik Keperluan Pengguna Data Satelit Remote Sensing Di Malaysia 2011, Agensi Remote Sensing Malaysia
16
Preference of satellite data of Malaysians
Laporan Kajiselidik Keperluan Pengguna Data Satelit Remote Sensing Di Malaysia 2011, Agensi Remote Sensing Malaysia
17
Application trend for EO users in Malaysia
18
Laporan Kajiselidik Keperluan Pengguna Data Satelit Remote Sensing Di Malaysia 2011, Agensi Remote Sensing Malaysia
The Next Space-based SAR Sensors Generation
L-band SAR
JAXA : ALOS-2, L-band SAR sensor allowing to get a resolution of 1 m using Spotlight mode
INPE (Brazilian National Institute for Space and Research) is proposing an L-band SAR
on the SSR-2 Mission with 3 m resolution and 20 km swath.
The Argentinian National Space Activities Commission (CONAE) is developing the
SAOCOM
X-band SAR
ASI (Italy) : COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation using X-band SAR (resolution <1m)
Spain : SAR satellite called Paz. The Paz SAR instrument; less than 1 m resolution.
The Russian : Advance SAR. The Advance SAR instrument will be embarked on board of the
Meteor-MP-N1 Mission of ROSKOSMOS (the Russian Federal Space Agency).
The Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI): KOMPSAT-5 Mission (1 meter)
ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) is proposing a C/X SAR instrument on
DMSAR Mission.
C-band SAR
ESA: the Sentinel-1 programme (5 meter resolution)
Canada is developing the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) composed of 3 satellites
using a SAR instrument operating in C-band
19
Global EO Market
• Northern Sky Research (NSR) forecasts, the Global EO market
will grow at an average rate of 6.9% a year, and is expected to
nearly double from a $3.4B industry in 2009 to a $6.2B
industry in 2018
20
Market drivers for EO
• Availability of EO Data: The number of EO (passive and active)satellites
over the past decade has increased significantly.
• Affordability of EO data: The cost of remote sensing satellites has
dramatically decreased in the past few years
• Government Demand for EO data: Government demands for societal
applications of Earth Observation products and services are best met
through satellite imagery.
• Commercial Demand for location based information services: the
synergy that has been achieved through the combination of satellite
imagery, mobile telecommunications, navigation information and software
processing. Virtual globes (ie Google Earth, Microsoft Live Earth, etc.)
• Political and Social Factors: Strong political will and bold decisions have
been taken by policy makers to relax the regulatory environment for EO data
images.
21
EO trends in the future
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Technology: With the emergence of smaller and less expensive satellites.
Value Added Service: The growing trend of seamless integration of EO imagery
with GIS, navigation and other telecommunication technology has enhanced the
ubiquity of imagery data.
Availability: Wide availability of free data, products and services provided by
government satellites and enterprises such as Google, has increased the use of EO
data by the general public.
Regulation: Export control issues (ITAR) have had a negative impact on the
market, but they have also helped to expand the market place.
Market Players: As the number of players in the EO industry grows, it is expected
that competitiveness will result in the emergence of many new applications.
Evolving Investment Strategies: Governments are moving away from the business
model of investing directly in EO data collection assets, and instead, are now
providing incentives to encourage commercial enterprises to invest in the EO
infrastructure.
Commercialisation of the EO Industry: Government agencies, the primary
investors and operators of EO satellite systems, are increasingly turning to
commercial companies to develop and operate EO data systems
22
Key driving requirements for EO applications
Requirement
Description
Range
Coverage
How much of the globe the EO
Entire globe to specific
system must cover
regions
How often images of a particular
Real time to once a week
Persistence
location are updated
Resolution
How large the smallest detected
1m – 20 m
object must be
Image Type
The type of images required for the 3D or 2D
application
Command /
All images are updated
Continuous to On
Operations
continuously or only on command
Command
23
Guideline for “future mission”
(if it is decided to build a combined sensor  )
Area
Guidelines
Power
Large solar panel and batteries, simultaneous operation of both
sensors not recommended
Size/mass
Large, complex satellite is unavoidable, mainly driven by SAR
Data volume
Due to the large amount of data generated on-board
Thermal control
Complex, mainly to compensate for huge temperature gradients
due to midday/midnight SSO and due to heat generated by the SAR
payload
Attitude control
One pass in each mode is recommended
Orbits
Up to the intended target (SSO or NEqO)
Operation
Complex operational procedures and scheduling is unavoidable
Automation of procedures is critical for the success of the solution
Funding 
Optic –(Rapid Eye – 160M Eu), World View-2 –(297M Eu)
(GeoEye – 360M Eu)
SAR – (Tandem-X – 135M Eu), (SAR Lupe-500M Eu, 5 spacecraft)
24
(Cosmo-Skymed- 1.24B Eu, 4 Spacecraft)
Concluding Remarks
1.
By looking at the optical applications and emerging SAR applications, it
becomes clear that both technologies are complementary, and there
an interest for end users have access to the imagery products generated
by both instruments.
2.
Some applications such as disaster management, flooded areas, bare soil,
droughts, ocean and ice surface, detection of changes in infrastructure
and vegetation can be brilliantly satisfied using SAR data and they have
to be promoted in such a way to be easily understood by a large user
community.
3.
Integration of the images is the best answer for the society to have
an updated EO images for their applications. Integration done either
during processing the image on ground or integration of sensor on the
spacecraft.
Thank You !
Shahrizal Ide b. Moslin
Space Application and Technology Development Division
Agensi Angkasa Negara (ANGKASA)