Transcript Force Protection - Militarytraining.net

Force Protection
**Definition of terrorism
• “the unlawful use or threatened use of force
or violence against individuals or property
to coerce, or intimidate governments or
societies, often to achieve political,
religious, or ideological objectives.”
**Common Characteristics of
Terrorist Groups
• They seek to intimidate a population by
promoting fear
• They are militarily weak
• They do not equate tactical success with
mission success
• They are usually urban based
• They are highly mobile
• They operate covertly
**Short Range Goals of Terrorist
Acts
• Obtain Worldwide, National, or Local
Recognition for Their Cause
• Cause the Governments to Overreact
• Harass, Weaken, or Embarrass Government
Security Forces
• Obtain Money and Equipment
• Destroy Facilities or Disrupt Lines of
Communications
• Discourage Foreign Investments or
Assistance Programs
• Influence Government Decisions,
Legislation, or Elections
• Free Prisoners
• Satisfy Vengeance
• Turn the Tide in a Guerrilla War
**Internal Organization of
Terrorist Groups
• Operational Cell-- The action arm of the
group. In sophisticated groups, these cells
may be highly specialized with bombers,
assassins, or personnel performing other
specific functions. In new or less
sophisticated groups, operational cells may
perform many jobs, including intelligence
and support. These groups usually consist
of three to five people.
Intelligence Cell
• This cell collects information on potential
targets. It is highly compartmentalized and
follows very strict security. This means that
members of the cell may know only the
other members of their cell. They may not
know who they take their orders from
(receiving orders at drop points) or who is
in other cells. The size of these cells vary
greatly
Auxiliary Cell
• Auxiliary Cells usually perform support
functions such as raising funds, screening
recruits, and distributing propaganda. They
are often larger and less strictly
compartmentalized than other cells. They
can consist entirely of terrorist sympathizers
and supprters other than the cadre
Two Characteristics of Terrorist
Training
• Internal Training- This is usually
conducted secretly by members of the group
within the target country.
• External Training- This is conducted by
non-group members, often outside the target
country. **Most known international
training camps are located in the Middle
East with Libya boasting more than 70.
Training Program
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Individual Physical and Mental Conditioning
Weapons and Explosives
Political Indoctrination
General Tactics and Combat Techniques
Intelligence Collecting
Psychological Warfare
Survival
Communications
Anti-Terrorism Measures
• Anti-terrorism is the preventive stage of
terrorism. These measures are intended to
harden potential targets and to develop
procedures to detect planned terrorist
actions before they take place, thereby
reducing the probability of a terrorist event
• Prevention is always the best posture!
• Criminal Information / Intelligence
• Threat Assessment
• Crime Prevention
• Operational Security
• Personnel Protection
• Physical Security
Crisis Management Planning
• Who will make decisions and have final authority
for the team as a whole
• Who will be members of the team and what will
their responsibilities be
• The missions of the military police, the
augmentation forces, and the installation staff
• Specialized training of hostage negotiators and
special reaction teams
• Contingency plans
Counter-Terrorism Measures
• Counter-terrorism measures are taken in
response to terrorist incident, including
direct contact with a terrorist force to end
the incident with minimum loss of life and
property.
• Responding to a terrorist incident requires
special capabilities and considerations
• **The incident must be identified as a
terrorist event
• Preparation for multiple incidents or
diversionary tactics
• Establishment of communication
• Use of think-tank teams
• Preparation for prolonged incidents
• Management of the media
• Preparation of an after-action report
Personal Protective Measures
• Your attitude towards security is most
important. You can lessen your chances as
well as those of your family members of
becoming a terrorist target by taking some
precautions
At All times!!!!!!
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Encourage security awareness
Be alert for surveillance attempts
Vary personal routines
Let people know where you are and when
you’ll be home
• Know how to use the local phone system
and have extra change and cash on hand
• Have emergency response numbers on hand
• Know the location of government buildings
and the American Embassy
• Avoid public disputes
• Know certain phrases to get help!!!
• Set up an emergency signal system for your
family
• Carry some sort of ID with blood type
• Keep one weeks worth of Medication on
you at all times
• Keep a low profile
• Do not unnecessarily divulge your home
address or phone number
• Watch for unexplained absences of local
citizens
• Maintain your personal affairs in good order
• Do not carry sensitive or potentially
embarrassing items on you
At Home
• Have a clear view of approaches to your
home
• Install strong doors
• Change locks when you move in or lose a
key
• Install windows that are hard to access
• Never leave extra keys with anyone except
family
• Have adequate lighting
While Traveling
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Vary times and routes
Be alert for suspicious-looking vehicles
Drive with your widows and doors locked
Travel with a group of people
Do not pick up hitchhikers
Keep your gas tank filled at least half full
In Hotels
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Keep your room key on you at all times
Know the location of emergency exits
Do not admit strangers into your room
Know how to locate security guards
Be observant for suspicious persons
Keep your room orderly to enable you to
notice tampering
Air Travel Security
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Use military aircraft when possible
Avoid high risk areas
Do not use rank on tickets
Ensure to take a window seat
Travel in civilian attire
Travel with civilian luggage
**Phases of a Terrorist Incident
• There are FIVE basic phases of every
terrorist operation, they are as follows:
Pre-Incident Phase
• During this phase the terrorist meticulously
plans the operation. They may conduct
reconnaissance missions, lengthy periods of
training, and rehearsals.
• If a primary target is unavailable, or the risk
is perceived as too great, an alternative
target is selected.
Initiation Phase
• This is the start of the operation, when the
terrorists move to their target in a covert
manner.
• Perpetrators leave for the target singly or in
pairs
• Weapons and explosives are pre-staged
• The point of no return unless a mission
abort is given
Negotiations Phase
• The negotiation phase is characterized by
the terrorist’s demands, deadlines, talks, and
tradeoffs. The terrorist will prolong this
phase as long as possible to get the
maximum amount of news coverage and
publicity possible.
• One demand will always be present during
this phase.
Climax Phase
• This has no set time schedule, but it may
follow the initiation phase if there is no
negotiable item involved, such as an
hostage. Security is at its peak during this
phase, and law enforcement radio
frequencies and civilian media are
monitored closely
Post-Incident Phase
• This is an extremely important phase for the
terrorists. During this phase, the terrorists
regroup, discuss, and critique the operation.
• During this phase, they learn from their successes
and failures.
• In the absence of a negotiation phase, the terrorist
exploit the media during the post-incident phase.