Transcript The Single European Sky : Certification and supervision of

Single European Sky
ACAC
Single European
Sky:
Certification and
Supervision of
ANSPs
12 December
2005
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Air transport is an essential economic sector
• EU airlines, airports and the aerospace
manufacturing industry represent:
– Activity of 220 billion € (2.6% EU GDP)
– 1 billion passengers in 2004
– 3.1 million jobs (1.9% EU jobs)
• By 2020
– Share in EU GDP could increase to 5%
– If growth is constrained, negative impact on the whole
European economy
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Situation of ATM in Europe
European airspace is
fragmented according to
national borders rather
than traffic flows.
More than 60 Area
Control Centres in
Europe in 2003.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Situation of ATM in Europe
Sectors and routes are
designed according to
national borders rather
than traffic flows.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Situation of ATM in Europe
Traffic is still expected to
grow, and even to double
between 1997 and 2020.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Situation of ATM in Europe
Congestion leads
to sub optimal
trajectories.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Situation of ATM in Europe
Military areas are located in
the core area of Europe.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Situation of ATM in Europe
The busiest routes have
to avoid military areas.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Situation of ATM in Europe
Due to military areas and
airspace design, actual
routes are sub optimum
and create constraining
points …
… as compare to direct
routes.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
The current ATM system is close to its limits
•Air Traffic control is
still very much
« handicraft »
•Ageing technology,
combined with
physical (sector size)
limits
A « barrier » will soon be reached:
New solutions need to be found
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
HOW?
• 20 years of research have resulted in
very little innovation:
– ATC is still operated like 20 years ago
• Technology is available:
– actual implementation is the issue
Decision making is a weakness of ATM
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
History
• Commission launched this initiative in 1999.
• Main objectives:
– Reduce fragmentation:
• Between States.
• Between civil and military.
• Between systems.
– Facilitate the introduction of new technologies.
– Develop synergies between EU and Eurocontrol.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Main Milestones
31 March 2004: Publication of the 4 Regulations of the
European Parliament and of the Council:
• 549/2004: Framework.
• 550/2004: Service Provision.
• 551/2004: Airspace.
• 552/2004: Interoperability.
in the Official Journal of the European Union (edition L 96):
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/archive/2004/l_09620040331en.html
20 April 2004: Entry into force of the legislation.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Main Features
• Institutional arrangements:
Single Sky Committee, Industry Consultation Body,
Relations with Eurocontrol
• Service provision:
NSA, Certification, Designation, ATCO-licence, Financial
aspects
• Airspace:
FAB, airspace classification, route + sector design,
ATFM, FUA, EUIR
• Interoperability:
Implementing rules, Community specifications,
Conformity assessment, SESAR
• SES-extension
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Framework – Single Sky Committee
• Assists the Commission :
– Member States’ civil & military representatives
– Observers: European countries with aviation
agreements + Eurocontrol
– Chaired by the Commission
• Decision making process:
– Consultative (simple majority)
– Regulatory:
• Qualified majority,
• if no majority, Council may attract matter - but if no decision,
Commission decides.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Framework – Single Sky Committee
• Functions:
– Provide opinion on mandates and on the work program
of the Commission,
– Review and give an opinion on the draft Commission
regulations,
– Address problems in connection with FABs
– Others: Policy guidance, Eurocontrol coordination, …
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Framework - Industry Consultation Body
• Mandated by Single Sky legislation.
• Membership: ± 25 full members representing:
–
–
–
–
–
ANSPs,
Airspace users,
Airports,
Manufacturers,
Professional staff representative bodies,
• Observers:
– Eurocontrol,
– Non-EU industry.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Framework - Industry Consultation Body
• Mission: to provide strategic advice on the
implementation of the future ATM system.
• Express industry expectations on:
– New technology,
– Timetable,
– Priorities.
• Input into policy making and the regulatory
process:
– Orientation for research,
– Industrial programs (“SESAME”),
– Mandatory equipage.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Framework – Relations with Eurocontrol
The European Community has become a member of
Eurocontrol besides the (presently 22) MS,
relations with Eurocontrol are area of shared national and
Community competence.
Memorandum of Cooperation of December 2003
between the European Commission and Eurocontrol
organises cooperation in the domain of Single Sky,
Research, Statistics and GNSS
Through mandates Eurocontrol contributes to the
implementation of the Single Sky.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Reorganisation of the Airspace - FAB
• Establishment of Functional Airspace Blocks (FAB)
in the upper (and possibly lower) airspace.
• Objectives:
–
–
–
–
–
Reduce fragmentation,
Take into account traffic flows and not national borders,
Increase co-operation,
Increase harmonisation,
Provide efficiency gains.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Reorganisation of the Airspace - FAB
MS to develop FABs according to 7 criteria:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
safety case;
optimum use of airspace, taking into account air traffic flows;
overall added value, including optimal use of technical and human
resources, on the basis of cost-benefit analyses;
ensure a fluent and flexible transfer of responsibility for ATC;
ensure compatibility between upper and lower airspace;
comply with regional agreements concluded within ICAO;
respect regional agreements, in particular those involving European
third countries.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Reorganisation of the Airspace - FAB
• Bottom-up approach:
– MS are fully responsible to initiate and set-up FABs,
– FABs can include all or parts of a State’s Airspace,
– For multinational FABs, all States involved must agree
on the respective FAB,
• No single “blueprint” for FABs, we expect different
models to be implemented.
• But, these FABs shall meet the 7 general criteria of
the regulation.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Regulation 550/2004
• Scope: provision of ANS in the SES
• Objective: establishment of Common
Requirements for the safe and efficient provision of
ANS in the Community
• Content:
– tasks of NSA (Art 2)
– requirements for recognised organisations on which NSA
may delegate inspections and surveys (Annex I)
–rules for the provisions of services (Chapter II)
• Common Requirements (Art 6), Certification of ANSPs (Art 7),
Designation of ATSPs (Art 8), Desig of MSPs (Art 9), Relations
between SPs (Art 10)
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Service Provision - NSA
• The SES requires legally the establishment or
nomination of National Supervisory Authorities
(NSA) and its separation from ANSPs.
• Why:
– Whereas (9) and Art 4(2) of the Framework Regulation:
“…to ensure compliance with Community requirements,
the authorities performing verifications of compliance
should be sufficiently independent of ANSPs” = principle
of separation between regulatory/supervisory functions
and service provision
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Service Provision - NSA
• Establishment or nomination of NSAs since 20
April 2004: 24 NSAs exist today
• Requirements (Art 4(2) Reg 549/2004) :
– (At least) functional separation from ANSPs
– Impartiality and transparency
– Capabilities:
• Technical expertise,
• Sufficient manpower,
• Sufficient financial resources.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Service Provision - NSA
• NSAs can be established at regional level. No
need for each Member State to have its own
NSA.
• Tasks:
– Certification of ANSPs,
– Monitor the compliance of ANSPs with the requirements
of the SES regulations,
– Monitor interoperability requirements,
– Monitor ATCO-license requirements (to enter in force in
2006)
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Service Provision - Certification
• ANSPs which comply with Common Requirements
(CR) will receive a certificate
• ANSP need to comply with CR set at European
level => to enable mutual recognition and crossborder provision and FABs. Each Member State
(MS) of the EU will recognise any certificate issued
in another MS (Art 7(8) Reg 550/2004)
• CR will be adopted end of 2005 by the European
Commission after favourable opinion of the Single
Sky Committee
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Service Provision - Certification
• All air navigation service providers (ANSP) need
certification:
–
–
–
–
Air traffic services (ATS)
Meteorological services for air navigation (MET)
Aeronautical information services (AIS)
Communication, navigation and surveillance services
(CNS)
• Military ANSP providing services for general air
traffic have to comply with CR but no formal need
for a certificate
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Service Provision - Certification
Conditions to be attached to certificates (Annex II
Reg 550/2004):
a) Formal/legal conditions listed in Annex II.1
b) Operational conditions listed in Annex II.2
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Timetable for certification
• NSAs have in principle 12 months from
publication of CR (Art 19.2). Possibility of 6
additional months in “exceptional circumstances”
• Preparations have started (see pps of NSPs,
workshop in Amsterdam…)
• At the latest by summer 2007 all ANSP are to be
certified
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Service Provision - Certification
• Competent NSA to certify ANSP according to its
principal place of operation or its registered office
(Art 7.2)
• Certificate cover either an individual type of service
or a bundle of services (Art 7.3)
• Form of the certificate follows national law
requirements: not European model/form. But valid
throughout the Community: Mutual recognition.
• Consequences for ANSPs:
– More reliable cooperation between certified ANSP,
– More safety as responsibilities are clearly spelt out,
– Opportunity for cross-border business.
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Service Provision - Designation
• Member States shall designate certified
ATS provider for a given airspace (Art 8.1)
• In a case of a cross-border FAB, the different
Member States involved shall designate together
the ANSP(s) operating in this FAB (Art 8.4)
• Member States may designate MET provider(s)
in their airspace
• SES regulations does not oblige to privatise
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Content of Common requirements (1)
• Common requirements will cover different areas
(safety, security, organisation, financial matters):
• Possibility for NSAs to grant derogations to “small”
ANSPs (but without mutual recognition); not: “one
size fits all”
• Safety area : transposition of relevant provisions of
ESARR3, ESARR4 and ESARR5 for ATS + CNS
(Art 4)
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Content of the common requirements (2)
-
-
technical and operational competence and suitability
(safe, efficient, continuous, sustainable provision of services, take
into account user demands, compliance with relevant ICAO
standards)
systems and processes for safety and quality management
(quality management system ISO 9001, safety
management
system, transposition of ESARRs, operations manuals)
- reporting systems
(annual report to NSA on financial results, operational performance
and other activities)
- quality of services
(openness, transparency, no discrimination, contingency plans)
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Content of the common requirements (3)
-
- financial strength
(business plan for 5 years, annual plan, financial plan)
- liability and insurance cover
(ANSP responsible for its services, liable for damages according to
national law, need for coverage but flexible method)
ownership and organisational structure, including the
prevention of conflicts of interest
(definition of duties, responsibilities and reporting lines, ATS-provider
to inform NSA about major stakeholders)
- human resources, including adequate staffing plans
(adequate human resources policy, e.g. training policy)
- security
(security management system, security of personnel, facilities and
data)
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Service Provision - Finance
• Transparency of the accounts of ANSPs (Art
12):
–
–
–
–
Application of International Accounting Standards (IAS)
Independent audit regularly
Publication of annual report
Identification of relevant costs and income for ANS in
accordance with Eurocontrol’s principles, when providing
a bundle of services
– MS shall designate the competent authorities with right
to access to the accounts of SPs
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
Assistance to NSAs
• Costs of NSAs can be financed through route
charges
• NSA may task “recognised organisations” or
“notified bodies” to undertake inspections and
verifications
• regional/European cooperation (peer-reviews,
FABs, NSA-workshop)
• support by Eurocontrol (ESARR1 on safety
requirements on safety oversight)
ACAC – 12 December 2005
Single European Sky
The end
Thanks for your attention!
Alfonso ARROYO
European Commission
DG TREN/F/2 Air Traffic Management and Airports
Mail address:
DM24 05/72,
B-1049 Bruxelles
Phone:
(xx).32.2.299.58.29
Fax:
(xx).32.2.296.83.53
e-mail:
[email protected]
ACAC – 12 December 2005