Transcript Cотрудничество МОМ и общественных орган

International Organization for Migration
Mission in Ukraine
COUNTER-TAFFICKING PROGRAMME
Kyiv, Ukraine
December 16, 2009
International Organization for Migration
–IOM–

An inter-governmental organization that promotes humane and
rights-based approaches to Migration and Development,
Facilitating and Regulating Migration and Countering
Trafficking in Human Beings.

Established in 1951

127 Member States / 17 states with observer status/over 440
field locations in more than 100 countries

IOM Mission in Ukraine, a member state, started operations in
1996
http://www.iom.int
IOM Mission in Ukraine
Counter Trafficking
 Protection and Reintegration
 Prevention and Advocacy
 Prosecution and Criminalization
Labour Migration
 Labour Migration research on a continuous basis in
Ukraine and the Western Newly Independent States
(WNIS) sub-region
Migration Movement Management
 Pre- and post-interview processing, pre-departure
cultural training and assistance with travel
arrangements for potential migrants
Cross Border Cooperation
 Sharing experiences of the new EU Member States
with Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine for migration
and asylum legislation, polices and practices with
EU standards
Capacity Building in Migration Management
Technical Cooperation and Capacity Building
Assisted Voluntary Return Programme
Awareness raising Programmes
Transformation of the State Border Guard Service
Migration Health
 Pre-departure Health and Travel assessment
 Medical Rehabilitation Centre for victims of
trafficking
 HIV/AIDS prevention programmes for mobile
populations
Diversity Initiative
 Promoting cultural understanding and interagency
cooperation
 Engage in public awareness raising and
educational activities to encourage intercultural
dialogue
IOM’s Counter-Trafficking Programme in Ukraine launched in
1998 aims to support government and civil society efforts to
combat trafficking in human beings from, to and within the
country.
The Programme uses a three-tier approach:
• Protection and Reintegration by providing assistance to victims of
trafficking who are returning to their countries of origin, both directly
and via partner NGOs
• Prosecution and Criminalization by supporting executive (spec. law
enforcement), legislative and judiciary structures to act more effectively
against crimes of trafficking in persons
• Prevention and Advocacy by dissemination of information to further
increase public awareness
International legislation against Trafficking
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Palermo Protocol (2000)
Council of Europe Convention (2007)
ILO Conventions against Forced Labour (1930)
OSCE Action Plan
EU Framework Decision (2009)
EU Action Plan (2005)
…and others
What is Trafficking in Persons?
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children,
supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000)
ACTIONS:
Recruitment
Transportation
Transfer
Harboring
Receipt of persons
MEANS:
Threat or Use of Force
Other Coercion
Abduction
Fraud
Deception
Abuse of power/ position of vulnerability
Giving/ receiving payments/benefits to achieve the
consent of someone
having control over another
TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
PURPOSE:
exploitation of the prostitution of others
other forms of sexual exploitation
forced labor
slavery-like practices
servitude
removal of organs
- The consent of a victim
is irrelevant;
- Happens within and across
national borders;
- ≠ smuggling of migrants;
- Crossing of international borders
may happen legally/ illegally
Trafficking and related crimes
Trafficking in persons
- legal/ illegal/ no border crossing
- legal/ illegal documents
- voluntary/ involuntary
- restricted movement, control
- object: a person
- crime against the person
Irregular migration
Smuggling of Migrants
- legal/ illegal border crossing - illegal border crossing
- legal/ illegal documents
- Illegal documents
- illegal work
- voluntary
- voluntary
- object: movement
- object: work
- crime against the state
- crime against the state
How many people are affected by trafficking?
• US TIP Report: 800,000 persons are trafficked across
international borders annually (excluding internal
trafficking)
• International Labour Organization: 2.5. million persons
(forced labour, including sexual exploitation)
• UNICEF: over 1,000,000 children become victims of
trafficking annually
• European Union: 175,000-250,000 persons become victims
of trafficking in the EU or transit through the EC annually
• IOM Mission in Ukraine: over 110,000 Ukrainians have been
trafficked abroad since 1991
• Conclusion: no comparable data on trafficking due to
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Differences in definitions used by different agencies
The hidden nature of trafficking
Lack of monitoring of sectors where exploitation is most likely to occur
Trafficking is a profitable criminal business
• ILO: profits obtained from all forms of exploitation
total $217.8 billion
• UNODC: estimated annual profits from trafficking total
$10-12 billion
• Interpol: profits from sex trafficking estimated at $19
billion annually
• US TIP Report: $32 billion annually, including $7
billion from sex trafficking (conservative estimation)
• Conclusion: the real amount of profits does not
matter – it is high enough to attract many criminals to
participate in the business
Countries of destination for Ukrainian victims of
trafficking (IOM 2000 - June 2009 caseload)
2008 IOM research: over 110,000 Ukrainians have suffered from human trafficking since 1991
• 6,021 VoTs assisted to date
1600
• Returned from 60 different countries
1400
• 61% trafficked to only 3 countries: Russia,
1200
Turkey , Poland
1000
• 24 EU countries
800
• Also including countries like Nigeria, Yemen,
Kazakhstan, Liberia, Moldova
600
• 7% - third country nationals (incl. 1 EU national)
400
200
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Types of exploitation by gender (IOM caseload)
100%
100%
100%
99%
72%
75%
51% 49%
Female
50%
Male
28%
25%
1%
0%
0%
0%
Sexual
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Labour
Mixed
Begging
Other
24% of VoTs assisted in 2007-2008 are men
7% were trafficked as minors (2008)
Educational and professional backgrounds are irrelevant
National Referral and Partnership Network in Ukraine
• 30 NGOs around Ukraine
provide reintegration
assistance to VoTs
• IOM Kyiv Medical
Rehabilitation Centre
established in 2002
• Five regional reintegration
centres run by partner
NGOs
• 93% of VoTs are referred
through national NGOs
• 45% are referred to NGOs
by law enforcements and
govt agencies;
• 38% referred by individuals
incl. VoTs;
• 15% ID through NGO
activities,
• and 2% other
Reintegration Assistance to Victims of Trafficking
Number of assisted VoTs
Number of NGOs providing assistance
1200
35
1118
1000
30
30
28
93726
800
23
820
24
828
25
20
18
600
16
15
525
13
400
626
10
332
200
5
254
5
42
0
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Ukraine in the US Global TIP Report
Issues:
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Lack of funding for protection and assistance for victims of
trafficking
Lack of proactive identification of trafficking victims and referral
to available services
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Need for a comprehensive Counter-Trafficking Law
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Soft verdicts for traffickers
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Lack of transparent framework for Government–NGO
cooperation
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Lack of alternatives to repatriation for third country VoTs
Trafficking Prevention
• Hotline 527, Centres for Migrant’s Advice
• Education System Outreach
• Focused awareness raising (religious
leaders, journalists, trade unions)
• Engaging broader circle of stakeholders
(private sector, employers’ associations,
etc.)
• NGO-lead local campaigns
• Theater-forum
• Mass events (MTV concert)
• PSAs, work with mass media
• Engagement of youth
• …and more
IOM CONTACTS:
Tel.: 044 568 50 15
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.iom.org.ua
Contact person in IOM Kyiv:
Kateryna Ardanyan [email protected]
THANK YOU!