Transcript Document

Information Access Paradigms Today
CONCERT 2005
Taiwan
Terry MacManus
20 Oct. 2005
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Information Access Paradigms
• The Librarian, The Academic, The Publisher
• ‘Common’ Information Access Paradigms
• Integration of Content, Technology and Workflow
• Wrap up and the future
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Ovid Technologies is a
Wolters Kluwer company
The owner of many well known products/brands
-
SilverPlatter - CONTENT AGGREGATOR
Ovid - CONTENT AGGREGATOR
Facts and Comparison
ADIS International - PUBLISHER
Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins - PUBLISHER
SKOLAR MD
CCH Legal
Ovid Technologies, headquartered in New York, has Asia Pac offices in
-
Sydney
Hong Kong
Kuala Lumpur
Beijing
Tokyo
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Information Access Paradigms
• The Librarian, The Academic, The Publisher
• ‘Common’ Information Access Paradigms
• Integration of Content, Technology and Workflow
• Wrap up and the future
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
My Information Access Paradigm
As at May 2005
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Electronic is now becoming the preferred access mode for customers.
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The electronic access mode delivers global research on the desk top
and helps create global rather than country specific research
communities
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The ‘exciting’ new world does not mean the death of print or the past
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The world is not the same. Countries are at different stages
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Internet is increasingly the medium while only a few years ago it was
local intranets though local solutions will/are returning!
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The owners of the content are increasingly taking control of the sales
process. Non US markets now focused on for growth
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Titles appear to be continually fluid from provider to provider
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Customers are increasingly voicing concerns about the journal
subscription system and there is increased talk of Open Access
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Librarian
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Librarian
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Information Access - The Cost
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Libraries are finding that their library budget is not keeping up with
electronic (print) journal costs
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1998 – 2003 avge cost of journal rose by 58% (UK CPI = 11%)
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1996 – 2001 info resource budget of Uni decreased by 29% in real
terms and avge journal increased by 41%
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Many publishers are bundling content and libraries are paying for
content they do not want
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Ownership of content/ digitisation of content have now become core
issues
“…a clear pattern emerges of increasing prices against decreasing
library budgets…” (UK government committee)
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Librarian
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“…ten years ago, scientific journals took about 25 per cent of the
materials budget, and currently that is 33 per cent and rising, which
means in our situation that that is taking about half a million pounds a
year out of the resources available for purchasing books and journals
outside the scientific area - maps, music and electronic resources and so
on. ….” (Cambridge University Librarian, 2004)
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmsctech/uc399-iii/uc39902.htm
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“…we buy journals we do not necessarily want in order to acquire things
that are wanted and is pushing more of our budget in the pockets of a
smaller and smaller number of publishers. It is skewing the budget and
reducing the money available for other things…” (Librarian, UK
Parliamentary Committee 2004)
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Librarian
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In 2003 Cornell University reviewed its policies on journal acquisitions. In
the course of the review it noted
• 1986 – 2001 the library budget at the main campus increased by
149%
• 1986 – 2001 the number of periodicals purchased grew by 5%
(Economist – August 7th 2004)
Library budgets are not keeping pace with the price of journals
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Librarians strongly promote Open Access to content. Many believe that
the current model of access is no longer appropriate
• Biomed Central
• Public Library of Science
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Librarian
“…Accordingly, the University's libraries, the System wide Senate
leadership, and the Uni of Cal administration are taking action and
committing themselves to evaluating scholarly communication in all forms
including periodicals and monographs, and to finding the most cost effective
methods of making scholarly work available to the world.
The UC Libraries are working aggressively to:
* stretch collections dollars by acting consortially to license online journals
and reference databases; (UGC and JLCC)
* inform themselves and faculty colleagues about the dimensions of and
possible ways to address the crisis in the economics of scholarly
communication; and
* support alternative means for publishing scholarly materials that make highquality peer-reviewed work available at an affordable price..” (Anita Stein,
Managing Editor, Pancreas, UoC)
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Librarian
New challenges, new responses , new responses
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How can we facilitate access and assist users in navigating and
making sense of the content?
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What is the library budget situation? Should this come from our
budget?
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Who makes the decision on journal subscriptions?
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Is my Internet access satisfactory? What about archive rights?
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What is the technical infrastructure of the library?
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What free content is available? How can we search utilise it?
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Researcher
and Academic
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Researcher and Academic
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With regard to information they
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Want premium content made available as soon as published if not
before
believe quality matters both in research output and publication the
research is published in
Want their research made as widely available as possible
Are increasingly supportive of electronic access
Want to ensure their research rights are protected
Often prefer to keep print AND electronic
Attitude to electronic is often influenced by computer
literacy/accessibiity
Many are supportive of the existing journal subscription system but
increasing numbers are voicing their desire for alternatives
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Researcher and Academic
Professor Williams, University of Liverpool, 2004
“I look at the functionality of my laboratories at the present time and I think they have
been enhanced enormously over the past five years. My staff, my post-docs, my
students have immense access to a wide variety of publications with tremendous
facility. Comparing that to five years ago the time saved in technology is very, very
significant….I see a very big difference in quality. It is the quality of the science that is
being published and the quality of the publication media is of interest to me…”
Professor Fry, Cardiff University, 2004
“Bundling has been extremely valuable for the users of journals because it has increased their access
to journals enormously, particularly within groups of subject area…”
Professor Crabbe, University of Reading, 2004
‘The key for (academic research) is to get a wide audience, to get one’s science recognised
and for it to be recognised not just for what it is but also, to benefit the institution form
which it comes…we aim to publish in high profile journals….”
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Researcher and Academic
How involved are the users (academics) in working with the
assisting the librarians?
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Many researchers are cushioned from the real cost of the publication
Libraries normally have to find the funds to pay for the publications
Academics do have power with publishers as they provide the research
for the journals and they review/edit the papers
Academics want their research to be published in the top journals. It
impacts their profile and enhances their job security
Committee Summary
“…It is disappointing that many academics are content to ignore the
significant difficulties faced by libraries. Until they start to see the
provision of journals as, in part, their problem, the situation will not
improve….”
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmsctech/399/39908.htm#a27
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Publisher
Content Owner
Content Provider
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Publisher
The Journal Publishing System is evolving
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Print, Print + Electronic, Electronic Only, Electronic + Print
Premium content v secondary content v masses of free content
Electronic Access has delivered enormous benefits
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More research, new research papers and archival access is now
being delivered
Elsevier in 2004 estimated that journal usage is going up by 75%
each year and the cost of article downloaded is coming down by
around 70%
In 2004, Blackwell Publishing noted the downloads had doubled
over the past year
Elsevier calculated that 90% of all scientists have access to Elsevier
content and 97% in UK
PPV is now increasingly popular & available form a range of
publisher sites often purchased by non academics
- Swets has PPV for almost 3,500 journals in SwetsWise,
Print on Demand (POD) is now possible for a range if titles
Content is now more accessible via the community be it via inter
library loan, public library, university…..
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Publisher
What about the increased costs of journals?
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Some individual titles have increased in price significantly
Many libraries have purchased collections rather than individual titles
& these have delivered better value
People are paying less per journal today than 10 years ago and are
getting more journals at the same time.
In 1993 the average UK uni had access to 4,000 titles
In 2003 the average UK uni had access to 6,500 titles
The cost per article according to Blackwell Publishing rose from 1.77
gbp I998 to 1.82 gbp in 2003
Online enables costs to be saved and to get more journals to more
people
Bundled Pricing now being changed?
Size, institution, usage, the value of the content
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Publisher
What about the lack of journal competition?
Worldwide there are around 2,000 publishers representing thousands of
societies….
• In 2003, Elsevier, BP, Macmillan, Wiley and Springer had 35% of UK
market…
• Some publishers focus on
- Being author friendly
- Aggressive in marketing
- Being Content specialists
- Delivering Added value technology
• Customers are well informed (list servs)
- University of California
- Cornell University
• Authors decide where to submit their material
• Societies move form publisher to publisher
- American Urological Association
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Internet Child
The End User
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access
The Internet Child, The End User
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Let’s recognise that users are not the same
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Few have detailed knowledge on content/publishers itself
- Premium journals/Impact Factors….
The reasons for requiring content vary dramatically
Levels of experience and ability to search are inconsistent
The need for speed of access; currency of content and precision of
searching varies from user to user
Many just want full text, full text, full text
Some recognise the value of content searching/others don’t
The Internet Child
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Want up to date content which is integrated to their work
environment and accessible via their desktop
They expect the technology to work 24 hours a day from home,
work and the library
They give little consideration to the cost of buying the content
They want simple and effective searching without having to learn
about the indexes
They just want quick results. Many use Google & are likely to be
‘enchanted’ by the idea of Google Scholar
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
PDF V SGML
Many users like PDF because they
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Get the complete document as it
appears in the journal
Are re-assured as it looks like the print
Easy to Save
Under-estimate SGML even though it
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Enables full integration with other
journals/databases
Enables quick access to relevant part
of the journals
Allows increased customisation
More efficient and precise searching
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access Paradigms
= Professional Paradigms
= Individual Paradigms
= The Common Paradigms
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
The Common Paradigm
1. What to buy and how to obtain more for less
To create a quality collection, stakeholders need to
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Understand the curriculum
Understand needs/expectations of faculty/staff and students
Ensure there is no duplication of titles
Focus on premium not secondary titles
Review freely available content
Create a benchmark list
Recognise the final list will be ongoing
Stakeholders need to establish purchasing criteria
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Archival/perpetual access to content
PDF and SGML availability
Back files covered
Price ($ v usage)
Embargoes
Currency of the content
Integration with other resources
Services – local language/local expertise/local implementation
Ease of purchase
Stability of Content
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
The Common Paradigm
1. What to buy and how to obtain more for less
A benchmark core list enables institutions/libraries to
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establish priorities
Help determine where and what to buy titles from
Negotiate with each other to see if any cost sharing arrangements are
possible
You can use a range of techniques to create a benchmark list
1. Look at what other Universities subscribe to
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National Library Catalogues
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WEBCAT in Japan
2. Review Third Party Resources
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Medical Library Association
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http://colldev.mlanet.org/subject.html
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Brandon Hill list (140 titles) (finishing)
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Core Collection of Medical Books and Journals by Hague
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ISI Impact Factors – ISI
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
The Common Paradigm
1. What to buy and how to obtain more for less
4. Identify Creditable Content Resources
ACP Journal Club (American College of Physicians)
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http://www.acpjc.org/shared/journals_reviewed.htm
5. Review subjective and objective factors
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Usage statistics
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Academic opinion/input/needs
6. Review titles requested from document delivery services
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/onsite/rrjournals.html#LOCATIONS
7. Review which databases journals are indexed in
ULRICH’s
8. Work with local partners and vendors
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
The Common Paradigm
2. Maximising Usage & Knowledge - Education
Electronic content has led to librarians role being re-defined
and user expectations becoming more demanding
People now talk about, Librarians
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Facilitating information access
Assist in navigating the resources efficiently
Assisting to Differentiate Core from non Core Content
Offer Instruction in the use of resources
Customising resources for specific user needs
Guiding through a hybrid of collections in print and electronic
content
• Creating an Electronic Gateway acting as the reference point
for library access
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
The Common Paradigm
2. Maximising Usage & Knowledge - Education
Ease of use is important but so is knowing the content
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Value of Indexing v Easy Searching
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A&I databases v Full text
For example: INSPEC - Abstract & Indexing Database
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Over 7.2 Million Records
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Over 350,000 records p.a.
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Over 30 years of Electronic Data
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Over 3,000 Journals & 3,000 Other Publications
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80+ Countries of Publication
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140+ Countries of Author
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Documents Types in A&I
INSPEC
Journals 72.6%
Other 2.1%
Conference
Articles
16.8%
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Conference in
Journal 8.5%
A&I contain International Publishers
INSPEC’s Top 25 Publishers are
Academic Press
ACM
AIP
Allerton Press
American Geophys. Union
APS
Astron. Soc. Pacific
Elsevier
Gordon & Breech
IEE
IEEE
IOP Publishing
Inst. Electron. Inf. & Commun Eng.
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Japanese Journal Appl. Physics
Kluwer Academic Publisher
MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publishing
Opt. Soc. America
Plenum
Science Press
SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng.
Springer-Verlag
Taylor & Francis
Univ. of Chicago Press
Wiley
World Scientific
A&I contain International Research
INSPEC has 80 Countries of Publication
80 Countries of Publication
Percent
China
Scand
Switz
France
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Japan
Ger
Neth
E-Eur
UK
USA
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
A&I contain International Research
INSPEC has 140 Countries of Author
Percent
140 Countries of Author
30
25
20
15
10
5
C&S Am
Spain
Switz
Aus'lia
Neth
Sca
China
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Italy
India
Can
France
Ger
UK
Jap
E-Eur
USA
0
Full Text Question Time
Name five titles held by LWW?
Name the best publisher for micro biology?
What do ‘embargoes’ and ‘currency’ mean?
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Full Text Question Time
Name five titles held by LWW?
Name the best publisher for micro biology?
What do ‘embargoes’ and ‘currency’ mean?
Why ask such silly questions?
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
The Common Paradigm
3. Integrating the Content with Technology and Workflow
Universities have already invested in
Technology
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OPACS/library catalogues
Networked computers
Intra and extra desk top access
Intra Library Loans and Document Delivery
Content
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Printed Journal and books
Electronic journals and books
Electronic Databases
Local Content - Indian
Curriculum
Human Resources
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Leading Researchers
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Seamless linkage between databases, Journal & Books, Internet
free resources on a minimum number of platforms
OPAC
Electronic
Databases
Indian
Content
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Quality
Book
Full Text
Publishers
Statistics need to be COUNTER
compliant & easy to understand
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Linking to your Full Text
Linking MUST be allowed to any publisher,
aggregator or provider of full text
Linking MUST be well done
Linking must support Open URL
Linking software must be easy/reliable
Linking require vendor honesty
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
You could integrate with
content subscribed through
Subscription Agents
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
You could integrate with
content on
Open Access/Free Web sites
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Link your Database Investment
With your full text investment
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
The Common Paradigm
4. Working together as a common interest ‘team’
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Is it possible that vendors could
• become actively involved in the implementation of their
products in the library environment
• provide more detailed information on individual journals and
how they can be integrated into the library environment
• recognise that there is more to a long term partnership than
short term dollars
• Embrace the concept of partner in deeds not just words
• Help in the analysis of content
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Is it possible that librarians could
• see vendors as possible allies in securing funding
• embrace the concept of partner (within reason)
• see ‘vendors’ as something more than sharks waiting to
pounce
• Recognise that uneconomic pricing leads to instability of
access
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Information Paradigms
• The Librarian, The Academic, The Publisher
• ‘Common’ Information Paradigms
• Integration of Content, Technology and Workflow
• Wrap up and the future
• Personalisation, Customisation, Realisation of the
Full Value of Electronic
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.
Information Access Paradigms Today
©2003 Wolters Kluwer Health. All Rights Reserved.