Transcript Energy Supply Patterns

MINI HYDRO POWER DEVLOPMENT
IN SRI LANKA - INITIATIVES
Eng. P.L.G. KARIYAWASAM
Deputy General Manager (Energy Marketing)
CEYLON ELECTRICITY BOARD
Content
 Introduction
 Whether Pattern & Geography
 Background to Grid Interconnection
 Grid Interconnection
 Small Power Purchase Agreement
 Features of SPPA
 Technical Consideration
Important Data (2011)
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Population
- 20.6 million
Area
- 65610 sq km
Elec. Cons.
- 480 kWh/person
Ene. Cons.
- 0.43 TOE /person
Annual Rain Fall - 1500 – 6000 mm
Humidity - 70% (Day), 90% (Night)
Avg. Temp - 30 oC
Introduction
 CEYLON ELECTRICITY BOARD IS THE SINGLE BUYER OF
ELECTRICITY
 POWER SECTOR REGULATOR INTRODUCED IN YEAR 2009
 SINCE EARLY 1990S PRIVATE SECTOR HAS BEEN
ALLOWED TO BUILT, OWN AND OPERATE SMALL HYDRO
POWER GENERATION.
 ALL PRIVATE POWER MUST BE SOLD TO THE CEB GRID.
 POWER PLANTS OVER 10 MW SIGN INDIVIDUAL PPAs.
 RENEWABLE ENERGY BASED POWER PLANTS UP TO 10
MW SIGN A STANDARD PPA VALID FOR 15-20 YEARS.
Electric Power Generation Capacity
- 2011
Installed Capacity:
Hydro Power
Thermal
Wind
- CEB
- Private
- CEB
- Private
- CEB
- Private
1207 MW
548 MW
848 MW
842 MW
3 MW
47 MW
Maximum Demand – Day 1626.6 MW on 20.05.2011
- Night 2163.1 MW
National Electrification Level – 91 %
Share of Electricity to Total Energy – 9.4%
Power & Energy - Demand
Installed Capacity in MW
Hydro Power
2004
2006
2008
2010
2004
2006
2008
2010
1207
1207
1207
1207
2755
4290
3700
4988
74
109
150
175
206
346
435
646
CEB
618
548
548
548
2507
1669
2083
1384
Private
455
567
737
842
2064
3082
3680
3600
CEB
Private
3
0
3
0
3
0
3
12
2.7
0
2
o
3
0
3
83
9389
9901
10714
CEB
Private
Thermal
Wind
Energy Generation in GWh
Gross Generation
Maximum Demand
National Electrification Level
Day
1104.6
1312.4
1402.7
Night
1563.4
1892.5
1922.2
73.40%
78.10%
83%
Source - CEB Statistical Digest
83%
Whether Pattern & Geography
Monsoons in Sri Lanka
 - North East (NE) Monsoon
- December – February
 - 1st Inter Monsoon
- March – April
 - South West (SW) Monsoon
- May – September
 - 2nd Inter Monsoon
- October - November
History of MHP
 Utilization of micro hydro energy in the
plantation industry at the beginning of 20th
century
 Mostly provided mechanical shaft power for
the industrial process machinery.
 Around 500 such plants in early 20th
Century
 Around 50 such plants are in operation in
1990’s.
Background to Grid Interconnection
of Small Hydro Power
 Official Committee was appointed in 1992 to
study Sri Lanka's power needs for the period
1991-2005.
 Recommended private sector participation in
MHP-development
 Appointment of Consultants to study
Technical and legal requirements
Power purchase policy
Economic and financial analysis.
Rehabilitation and modernization strategy.
Background to Grid
Interconnection…
 The final study report of the consultants was
presented in November 1993.
The
Consultants main recommendations were,
• Establishment of technical standards for grid connection of
MHP plants, and
• Formulation of a contract document containing all commercial
and legal aspects concerning the relationship between CEB and
the MHP plant owners
Background to Grid
Interconnection….
 First Estate MHP Plant (60 kW) was connected to the GRID in
1994
 The first new Grid Connected BOO SHP was commissioned in
1995.
Initial Small Power Purchase
Agreement
 Developed with assistance of the World Bank
 Standardized Terms
 Published Tariff based on CEB’s Avoided Costs
 Applicable for;
 Capacity : Less than 10 MW
 Energy produced from :
– Renewable energy sources
– Waste
– Co-generation
Features of Initial Small Power Procurement
Program of Ceylon Electricity Board
 Term of the Contract : Negotiable
 Transmission Interconnection : paid for by the developer
 Interconnection Standard : BEA Engineering Recommendation G
59.1 and CEB Guidelines
 Metering equipment : provided by CEB
 Credit for energy delivery during the Dry Season
 Power Purchase Guarantee by CEB: 100 %
 Tariff : based on CEB’s Avoided Costs each year
 Tariff : Payable in Sri Lanka Rupees, but calculated in US
Dollars, using the prevailing exchange rates
 Tariff stability : Assured by a 90% Floor price
Power Sector Policy
 Power Sector Policy Directions 1997
- Hydro power generation potential of the country will be developed
to its full potential
- Private sector financing will be utilized for power generation from
small hydro power plants
 Private Sector will be encouraged to develop non-traditional energy
including Mini and Micro Hydro, Wind, and Solar Power up to a
ceiling of 10% of the island wide demand for electricity. DendroPower development will also encouraged.
(
(Page 10 of Proposed Power Sector Policy Guidelines November 2002)
Government Energy Policy
Guidelines - Published in May 2008
 High priority to energy sector
 Three important sections
 Energy policy Elements
 Implementing Strategies
 Specific Targets and Milestones and Institution
Responsibilities
Government Energy Policy
Guidelines
 Developers will be encouraged to develop
non-traditional energy including Mini and
Micro Hydro, Wind, and Solar Power up to
a ceiling of 10% of the island wide demand
for electricity. Dendro-Power development
will also encouraged. – Target 2015
(Clause 4.4 of National Energy Policy May 2008)
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Technical Consideration –
CEB Guide for Grid Interconnection of Embedded Generation – Dec. 2000
 This Guide is based on the requirements of Ceylon Electricity Board
(CEB), Sri Lanka, and the conditions and constraints under which the
CEB system operates. The primary intention of this Guide is to
establish procedures and equipment to protect CEB personnel,
equipment and the system from any harmful effects arising out of the
interconnection and operation of Embedded Generators.
 The total capacity of embedded generation is expected to be less than
6% of the peak load, and about 15% of the minimum load. Otherwise,
review the guide accordingly.
Guide for Practical Implementation of
Grid-Interconnection Specification
 Prepared a detailed design guidelines to
assist project developers (mini hydro and
other renewable power facilities upto 10
MW) in selecting and designing
interconnections and electrical and Electromechanical equipment/systems to ensure
that the the project meets the technical
integration with CEB grid system
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Key Factors for the SHP Development
 Availability of profitable sites.
 Availability of loan funding.
 Availability of Technical Expertise
 Reliable data to carry out feasibility studies available.
 Prior history of SHP development in Sri Lanka.
 The standard PPA and Technical guidelines.
 BOI concessions
Grid Connected Small Hydro
250
Capacity in MW
200
150
Hydro - Small
100
50
0
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
Year
Data :- Statistical Digest - CEB
Village Hydro Power Plants
 More than 150 plants
are in operation
 Capacity 500 W – 50
kW
 Total capacity 1652
kW
 Serving more than
6000 households
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Off-Grid Renewable Energy Project
Development Training
 Training in all aspects (financing of
renewable energy projects, including offgrid systems, analyses of technical,
financial and institutional capabilities for
preparation of project proposals) of off-grid
subproject preparation to relevant CEB
staff, the private sector and village cooperatives.
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Low head hydropower projects
- Turbine
Low head hydropower projects
- Turbine
KEY FACTORS HELPING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHP
SECTOR
 THE STANDARD PPA.
 AVAILABILITY OF LOAN FUNDING.
 AVAILABILITY OF PROFITABLE SITES.
 RELIABLE DATA TO CARRY OUT FEASIBILITY STUDIES





AVAILABLE.
PRIOR HISTORY OF SHP DEVELOPMENT IN SRI LANKA.
PLANT AND MACHINERY FREE OF DUTY.
INCOME TAX CONCESSIONS.
DEMONSTRATION PROJECT SUBSIDISED BY NGO.
MANY OF THESE FACTORS APPLICABLE TO OTHER FORMS
OF RET BASED POWER.

(Dr Romesh Bandaranayake, CEO, ECO Power (Pvt.) Ltd.), 2000
Thank you