I. “Cracking” the AP World History Exam: Multiple Choice & FRQ’s

THE “WHAP” EXAM

1.

70 multiple-choice

: 55 min.

2.

3 essays (9 pts ea.):

• 10-min. “reading period” (review DBQ docs!) • 2 hours for DBQ, CCOT, & Compare/Contrast essays

TimePeriod “Foundations”: 8000 B.C.E.-600 C.E. “Classical Empires” 600-1450 “Post-Classical” 1450-1750 Industrial Rev.

1750-1914 Contemporary 1914-present

The “Units”…

% of Questions

19-20% 22% 19-20% 19-20% 19-20%

Total # of Questions

13-14 15-16 13-14 13-14 13-14 70

Make an Educated Guess… 1. When Europeans arrived in sub-Saharan Africa in the 1400-1500‘s the African slave trade was

(A) just beginning (B) an institution Europeans had to establish (C) well established and hundreds of years old (D) still under the control of Ottoman traders

WORLD REGIONS

Unit 1:

8,000 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.

Big Picture

 1 st River Valley Civs:

Neolithic Revolution



“Classical Empires”

• Nomads threat to empires  Religion/goods spread: merchants/missionaries 

New trade routes (Silk Roads, Indian Ocean)



Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity

Beginnings: 8,000B.C.E – 1,000 B.C.E.

• Hunters & gathers • Early humans spread from Africa • 8,000 B.C.E. agriculture starts in

MESOPOTAMIA

Hunting and gathering societies were marked by

I. widespread labor specialization II. little specialization of labor III. subsistence lifestyle IV. limited trade (A) I, II, and III (B) II, III, and IV (C) I and III (D) II and IV

Civ. Characteristics:

• Farming • Cities • Writing • Gov’t laws • Organized religions • Social inequality

Ancient Civilizations

Decline of Early Civs.

• By 1000 B.C.E. decline due to

iron

• Minoans/Mycenaeans: influenced Greeks • Phoenicians : trading empire (

alphabet

)

“Classical” Empires: Rome, Han, Gupta

(1000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)

General Characteristics

•

iron

(agriculture; weapons) •

“Regional” Trade Routes

• Formal Religions & Social systems: –

Hinduism

in India –

Confucianism

in China

Classical Social Systems

Based upon inequality 1. India:

Caste System

2. China:

Confucianism

(rigid hierarchy) 3. Mediterranean: -Greeks (land-owning aristocrats; slaves) -Romans (land-owning patricians; plebians; slaves)

Chinese Dynasties

Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han Sui, Tang, Song Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic Mao & Deng

Shang (1700 - 1027 BCE)

• Aristocracy ruled • Writing, bronze, silk • Ancestor worship

Zhou (1027 - 250 BCE)

•

Longest lasting Dynasty

• Beginning of Mandate of Heaven • Taoism & Confucianism introduced • Feudal • Built roads, expanded trade • Ended with: “

Warring States Period

”

China: Qin & Han

•

Qin

dynasty – Emperor – – Great Wall

Legalist

(strict & severe)

Shi Huangdi

(:Terra Cotta Warriors”) •

Han

dynasty –

Confucianism

: – Mandate of Heaven – “Meritocracy”: civil service exam & scholar-gentry – Eunuchs gained power –

Silk Roads:

paper, silk

Decline

: corruption, nomads, loss of mandate, crop failure, internal conflict

Qin (221 - 207 BCE)

Why was the Zhou dynasty in China so long-lived?

(A)because their leaders were ruthless (B) due to the lack of Confucianism and the rise of Legalism (C) due to the ideas of Confucianism emphasizing the duty of emperors (D)because average people were not allowed weapons

Silk Roads

– brought

Buddhism to China

–

Chinese silk to Europe

Silk Roads

Classical India

Mauryan Dynasty:

- King

Ashoka

(wrote laws on

Rock Pillars Edicts

) -

Buddhism spreads Gupta Dynasty: Hindu “golden age”

Gupta India

• Centralized •

Golden Age:

military, math (pi, zero, numerals), astronomy, medicine, lit.

• Extensive Trade: Silk Roads, Indian Ocean (

dhow

• A “

theatre

” state • Hinduism: duty to

caste;

reincarnation •

Buddhism

spreads due to inequality • Nomads: Huns boat)

Decline

: corruption, poor leadership, nomads, overexpansion, & too diverse

“Classical” India

Greeks:

– Independent city-states (internal warfare) –

Athenian “Golden Age”

= Democracy, art, philosophy, science – Alexander conquers & spreads Greek culture

(Hellenistic Period)

Alexander the Great

Mediterranean

Rome

: – – At first a Republic Capital: Rome (centralized) – Empire began after Julius Caesar – Augustus Caesar: “

Pax Romana

” – –

Built roads (“Appian Way”)

&

Aqueducts Christianity

develops, spreads

Decline: corruption, moral decline, nomads, inflation

Roman Empire

Public Works “The Great Builders”: Columns, Domes, Arches; Aqueducts, Roads, Bridges, Theaters, the Coliseum Great Wall of China Bridges, Roads, Canals Terra Cotta Warriors

Fall of Roman Empire

Persians

• Centralized bureaucracy (divided into “

Satraps”

) Golden Age:

Royal Road

, military, coins, postal service • • tolerance & trade

Zoroastrianism :

dual forces of good & evil

Decline:

the Great corruption, over taxation, Alexander

Persian Empire

In Africa:

•

Bantu migrations:

spread similar

cultural traits

through Sub-Saharan Africa

AMERICAN CIVILIZATION

The Maya, Aztecs, and Inca

Amerindian Civilizations Maya (300 CE to 900)

From

Olmec

traditions  Independent city states …decentralized 

Astronomical calendar



Number zero



Written language

American Civilizations Aztec 1400-1521

 militant warriors  tributary empire  decentralized empire  human sacrifice 

Written language

 Spanish conquered w/ guns & disease

American Civilizations Incas 1400-1540

 Rugged Andes Mts.

 Centralized empire  terraces for farming  network of roads & bridges  NO WRITTEN LANGUAGE…but used

quipu

 Spanish conquest

Causes of “Classical” Decline:

– Nomadic invaders – Epidemics – Corruption – Internal decline

W. Europe

: – worst decline – Byzantine Empire flourishes in East

China

: – 300 years of disunity

India

: – declines politically, but trade continues – Hinduism spreads