Transcript Foundations
I. “Cracking” the AP World History Exam: Multiple Choice & FRQ’s
THE “WHAP” EXAM
1.
70 multiple-choice
: 55 min.
2.
3 essays (9 pts ea.):
• 10-min. “reading period” (review DBQ docs!) • 2 hours for DBQ, CCOT, & Compare/Contrast essays
TimePeriod “Foundations”: 8000 B.C.E.-600 C.E. “Classical Empires” 600-1450 “Post-Classical” 1450-1750 Industrial Rev.
1750-1914 Contemporary 1914-present
The “Units”…
% of Questions
19-20% 22% 19-20% 19-20% 19-20%
Total # of Questions
13-14 15-16 13-14 13-14 13-14 70
Make an Educated Guess… 1. When Europeans arrived in sub-Saharan Africa in the 1400-1500‘s the African slave trade was
(A) just beginning (B) an institution Europeans had to establish (C) well established and hundreds of years old (D) still under the control of Ottoman traders
WORLD REGIONS
Unit 1:
8,000 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.
Big Picture
1 st River Valley Civs:
Neolithic Revolution
“Classical Empires”
• Nomads threat to empires Religion/goods spread: merchants/missionaries
New trade routes (Silk Roads, Indian Ocean)
Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity
Beginnings: 8,000B.C.E – 1,000 B.C.E.
• Hunters & gathers • Early humans spread from Africa • 8,000 B.C.E. agriculture starts in
MESOPOTAMIA
Hunting and gathering societies were marked by
I. widespread labor specialization II. little specialization of labor III. subsistence lifestyle IV. limited trade (A) I, II, and III (B) II, III, and IV (C) I and III (D) II and IV
Civ. Characteristics:
• Farming • Cities • Writing • Gov’t laws • Organized religions • Social inequality
Ancient Civilizations
Decline of Early Civs.
• By 1000 B.C.E. decline due to
iron
• Minoans/Mycenaeans: influenced Greeks • Phoenicians : trading empire (
alphabet
)
“Classical” Empires: Rome, Han, Gupta
(1000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)
General Characteristics
•
iron
(agriculture; weapons) •
“Regional” Trade Routes
• Formal Religions & Social systems: –
Hinduism
in India –
Confucianism
in China
Classical Social Systems
Based upon inequality 1. India:
Caste System
2. China:
Confucianism
(rigid hierarchy) 3. Mediterranean: -Greeks (land-owning aristocrats; slaves) -Romans (land-owning patricians; plebians; slaves)
Chinese Dynasties
Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han Sui, Tang, Song Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic Mao & Deng
Shang (1700 - 1027 BCE)
• Aristocracy ruled • Writing, bronze, silk • Ancestor worship
Zhou (1027 - 250 BCE)
•
Longest lasting Dynasty
• Beginning of Mandate of Heaven • Taoism & Confucianism introduced • Feudal • Built roads, expanded trade • Ended with: “
Warring States Period
”
China: Qin & Han
•
Qin
dynasty – Emperor – – Great Wall
Legalist
(strict & severe)
Shi Huangdi
(:Terra Cotta Warriors”) •
Han
dynasty –
Confucianism
: – Mandate of Heaven – “Meritocracy”: civil service exam & scholar-gentry – Eunuchs gained power –
Silk Roads:
paper, silk
Decline
: corruption, nomads, loss of mandate, crop failure, internal conflict
Qin (221 - 207 BCE)
Why was the Zhou dynasty in China so long-lived?
(A)because their leaders were ruthless (B) due to the lack of Confucianism and the rise of Legalism (C) due to the ideas of Confucianism emphasizing the duty of emperors (D)because average people were not allowed weapons
Silk Roads
– brought
Buddhism to China
–
Chinese silk to Europe
Silk Roads
Classical India
Mauryan Dynasty:
- King
Ashoka
(wrote laws on
Rock Pillars Edicts
) -
Buddhism spreads Gupta Dynasty: Hindu “golden age”
Gupta India
• Centralized •
Golden Age:
military, math (pi, zero, numerals), astronomy, medicine, lit.
• Extensive Trade: Silk Roads, Indian Ocean (
dhow
• A “
theatre
” state • Hinduism: duty to
caste;
reincarnation •
Buddhism
spreads due to inequality • Nomads: Huns boat)
Decline
: corruption, poor leadership, nomads, overexpansion, & too diverse
“Classical” India
Greeks:
– Independent city-states (internal warfare) –
Athenian “Golden Age”
= Democracy, art, philosophy, science – Alexander conquers & spreads Greek culture
(Hellenistic Period)
Alexander the Great
Mediterranean
Rome
: – – At first a Republic Capital: Rome (centralized) – Empire began after Julius Caesar – Augustus Caesar: “
Pax Romana
” – –
Built roads (“Appian Way”)
&
Aqueducts Christianity
develops, spreads
Decline: corruption, moral decline, nomads, inflation
Roman Empire
Public Works “The Great Builders”: Columns, Domes, Arches; Aqueducts, Roads, Bridges, Theaters, the Coliseum Great Wall of China Bridges, Roads, Canals Terra Cotta Warriors
Fall of Roman Empire
Persians
• Centralized bureaucracy (divided into “
Satraps”
) Golden Age:
Royal Road
, military, coins, postal service • • tolerance & trade
Zoroastrianism :
dual forces of good & evil
Decline:
the Great corruption, over taxation, Alexander
Persian Empire
In Africa:
•
Bantu migrations:
spread similar
cultural traits
through Sub-Saharan Africa
AMERICAN CIVILIZATION
The Maya, Aztecs, and Inca
Amerindian Civilizations Maya (300 CE to 900)
From
Olmec
traditions Independent city states …decentralized
Astronomical calendar
Number zero
Written language
American Civilizations Aztec 1400-1521
militant warriors tributary empire decentralized empire human sacrifice
Written language
Spanish conquered w/ guns & disease
American Civilizations Incas 1400-1540
Rugged Andes Mts.
Centralized empire terraces for farming network of roads & bridges NO WRITTEN LANGUAGE…but used
quipu
Spanish conquest
Causes of “Classical” Decline:
– Nomadic invaders – Epidemics – Corruption – Internal decline
W. Europe
: – worst decline – Byzantine Empire flourishes in East
China
: – 300 years of disunity
India
: – declines politically, but trade continues – Hinduism spreads