Transcript Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)

Digital Map Data
from Vehicle Probes
Yuka Gomi
Ygomi LLC
August 7, 2001
Vehicle Usage of Map Data
• Established uses
– Vehicle navigation using a CD, DVD or other media
– Emergency roadside assistance
– Off-board telematics services
• Emerging uses (this decade)
– Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
– Traffic - aware dynamic route guidance
– Situational awareness for driver workload
• Eventual uses (next decade)
– Active safety products
– Collision avoidance
– Road departure prevention
Page 2
ADAS Applications That Will Use Map Data
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Adaptive Cruise Control
Adaptive Light Control
Night Vision
Transmission Assistance
Intersection Collision Warning
Lane/Road Departure Detection and Warning
Front and Rear Collision Warning
Braking and Stability Control Assistance
Increase Fuel Efficiency
Page 3
Digital Maps for ADAS
• Digital maps will play a major role in ADAS
– Comprehensive view of possible paths
– View of desired path according to
• Programmed route from the navigation system
• Inference from driver indications
• Driver intent input to sensors
– Knowledge of road conditions ahead
Page 4
What Map Data will Bring
• Prediction Capability
– Preview of up-coming curves beyond the driver’s line of
sight
• Curve shape
• Curve direction and radius
• Potential maneuvers and decision making points
(e.g., intersections)
– Road characteristics and special attributes
• Road type (highway, highway ramp, local roads, etc.)
• Lane number, width, and type, speed limit, road grade, etc.
Page 5
Situational Awareness (1)
Database provides a picture of the road ahead relative to vehicle location
Busy / dangerous intersections
Page 6
Predicts lane changes & merges
Situational Awareness (2)
• Map data provides a picture of the road ahead to help
understand the type of driving environment and level of
attention required by the driver currently and in the next
minute.
• Analysis and continuous monitoring of the vehicle’s
environment provides an understanding of what the driver is
doing and should be doing. This information provides
priorities for vehicle functions in situations where the driver
might be surprised or over his/her task management ability.
– What is the driver doing besides driving (e.g., talking on the phone,
receiving directions, listening to the radio)?
– What are the conditions that the driver is facing (e.g., wet pavement,
rain, darkness, winding roads, hills, fog)?
– What are the impending conditions that will be added to the driver’s
workload (e.g., hidden intersection, stop and go traffic, complex exit)?
Page 7
Situational Awareness (3)
• Map data and information from monitoring the
driving environment can be combined to
dynamically determine
– Is the driver in hectic stop and go traffic with many cars
cutting in and out of the lane or in a low pressure
country road driving the speed limit?
– Is the driver entering or exiting an expressway or about
to merge on a busy road?
– What is the driver doing and how much more can
she/he handle?
– Should an incoming cellular call be held for a few
seconds until the driver is through the upcoming
interchange merge?
Page 8
Situational Awareness (4)
• All on-board functions must interrelate via the vehicle
network
• Communication between functions is essential for a
comprehensive understanding of the road situation to allow
– Simple human interfaces
• Straightforward request entry
• Easy to use answers
– Safe human interfaces
• Prevent email use when the driver is exceeding a safe speed
• Defer phone ringing as the driver is negotiating an icy turn
• Careful integration of functions ensure that the driver has attention
capacity left to spend on safe driving
• Result is a situationally aware vehicle
– Can control demands on the driver
– Can regulate the driver’s use of information, entertainment,
telematics, phone, etc.
Page 9
What the Vehicle Sees
Merging traffic on
entrance ramp
Left lane of
3 lane road
Traffic incident
middle lane
Hidden
intersection
Reduce speed to
50 kph ahead
124m: left curve
375 m ahead
Page 10
Sample Of Predictive Map Capabilities
radius
seg01
seg02
seg03
seg04
Stop
Start&End Points
seg09
Node A
seg11
Tunnel
seg08
seg10
seg12
seg07
Change of
number of lanes
Bridge
seg14
seg06
30
seg13
seg15
50
seg05
Nodes
Shape points
Page 11
Forest
Electronic horizon
Start&End Points
Road Preview and Path Prediction (1)
• Map data enables vehicle applications to preview
the road ahead
– Configuration of the road (e.g., curvature and curve
radius)
– Attributes along the road (e.g., speed limits)
– Future predicted position of the vehicle
• Map data and centimeter accurate positioning
allow vehicle applications to
– Use upcoming road conditions
– Calculate data relevant to vehicle functions
– Optimize performance in various road situations
Page 12
Road Preview and Path Prediction (2)
• Knowledge of the vehicle’s current and near future
situation can allow the vehicle to prevent
accidents:
–
–
–
–
Page 13
Intersection collision avoidance
Forward collision avoidance
Lane departure prevention
Road departure prevention
Technology Trends
• Map data collection technology enhancements by
using probe data from vehicles
– Improved location accuracy and reliability
– Improved reliability of data at a reduced cost
• Vehicle technology enhancements
– Improved sensing capabilities
– Improved vision capabilities for extraction of accurate
data from road scenes
Page 14
Data Feedback Loop for Updating
•
Probe data operations will handle map
data exceptions generated by vehicles
•
Updates are applied to the data as part of
core data collection when validated
•
Probe Data
Operations
Direct access to the most up to date data
available
Map updates
Raw data
feedback
Location
Based
Services
Provider
Qualified, updated
map data and
location based
content
Automotive
Service
Provider
Vehicle as a
data probe
Page 15
Content
Suppliers
Data Feedback Loop
• Vehicles as probes leads to
– Current, highly accurate data
– Increased reliability
– Data that can be gold plated
• Vehicles as probes results in
– Continual improvement in data reliability
– Increase in content
– Evolution of dynamic data for active safety functions
Page 16
Consortium Activities
• Next Map
(European Project) - Started January 2000
– Project purpose is to evaluate the technical and
commercial feasibility of enhanced map data for safety
applications.
– Vehicle manufacturer partners: BMW, DaimlerChrysler,
Fiat, Jaguar, Renault
• Enhanced Digital Map (EDMap)
(USDOT sponsored IVI Project) - Started April 2001
– Project purpose is to determine safety application
performance improvements and extensions using
enhanced map data.
– Vehicle manufacturer partners: DaimlerChrysler, GM,
Ford, Toyota
Page 17
Conclusions
• Usage of map data is moving beyond
navigation.
• ADAS applications are part of this trend.
• Safety applications will require a central map
server for timely creation and delivery of map
and location based data updates.
• The need for up-to-date road network data
requires the use of vehicles as probes.
• Situational awareness can provide data relevant
to driver workload.
• Vehicle manufacturers will have complete,
accurate map data.
Page 18
The Vehicle Manufacturers Will Know
• Road usage
– Current traffic
– Predictions
• Road geometry for every road
–
–
–
–
Precision to a few centimeters
Lane configuration
Road edge
Shoulder
• Road conditions for every road
– Pavement status
• Detailed by lane, shoulder, edge
• Change
• Failures and damage
– Surface (icy, slippery)
• Micro weather
– Temperature
– Precipitation
• Road furniture for every road
Page 19
– Every sign
– Sign removal
The Future of ITS
Christine M. Johnson
Everyone needs data!
Military -- Cutting
deployment time from 60
days to 72 hrs.
National Park
Page 21
Management
Precision Weather
Response
Growth in Costal
evacuation needs
Precision
Medical
Response
Data
Page 22
Themes for reauthorization: Data
From Spots of data
To a nationwide network of data
Page 23
A Public Private Partnership
Data Available Nationally From Vehicle
Manufacturers in Ten Years
• No infrastructure
• Can be made available through a public private
partnership with DOT
• Can be used for
–
–
–
–
Page 24
Traffic management
Maintenance
Response
Planning