Transcript Semantics - Linguistics at UP | The primary task of a

Historical Linguistics
language change
BASIC CONCEPTS
articulatory simplification analogy
contact reanalysis language change
phonological
phonetic
syncope
sound change sound change
apocope
comparative
shifts
affrication
method
palatalization nasalization
pragmatics
mergers splits
sequential
borrowing sound change
Causes of Language Change

Articulatory simplification

Spelling pronunciation

Analogy and reanalysis

Language contact
Sound change
Conditioned
 Unconditioned

Phonetic
 Phonemic

Sound Change

Assimilation


Partial and Total
Palatalization, Affrication, Nasalization, Umlaut
Dissimilation
 Epenthesis
 Metathesis
 Weakening and deletion
 Consonantal strengthening
 Deaffrication

Specify the sound change/s.
Proto-Quechan
1. cumpi
2. timpu
3. nutku
4. akla
5. wakli
6. utka
7. kunka
8. lyantu
9. mutki
10. pukyu
11. inti
12. sanku
13. hampatu
Tena
1. cumbi
2. timbu
3. nuktu
4. agla
5. wagli
6. ukta
7. kunga
8. lyandu
9. mukti
10. pugyu
11. indi
12. sangu
13. hambatu
Gloss

belt

boil

brains

choose

damage

fast

neck

shade

smell

spring

sun

thick

toad
Identify the sound changes.
Sanskrit
sneha
Pali
sineha
Old English
Latin
hlāf
iuvenis [j]
English
Italian
loaf
giovane
[d]
English
triathlon
dialect
Latin
Sanskrit
vidua [dw]
sapta
Spanish
Pali
Latin
Italian
turtur
*venre
mundo
English
Spanish
Sicilian
Old French
cire [ts]
French
triath[]lo
n
viuda [wd]
satta
turtle
vendre
munnu
cire [s]

Morphological change


Syntactic change


Addition/Loss of affixes, analogy, reanalysis
Word order
Lexical and semantic change






Semantic broadening
Semantic narrowing
Amelioration
Pejoration
Weakening of meaning
Semantic shift
Exercises
Word
1. moody
2. uncouth
3. aunt
4. butcher
5. witch
6. sly
7. accident
8. argue
Earlier meaning
1. brave
2. unknown
3. father’s sister
4. one who slaughters goats
5. male of female sorcerer
6. skillful
7. an event
8. make clear
Word
1. carry
2. grumble
3. shrewd
4. praise
5. ordeal
6. picture
7. seduce
Earlier meaning
1. transport by cart
2. murmur, make low sounds
3. depraved, wicked
4. set a value on
5. trial by torture
6. a painted likeness
7. persuade someone to
desert his or her duty
Comparative Method
Procedure
1. Compile cognate sets, eliminating
borrowings.
2. Determine sound correspondences.
3. Reconstruct a sound for each position.
4. Check for regularity of sound change.