Transcript Slide 1

SILC-NET Presents…
A National Teleconference & Webinar
Disability Statistics Part 2:
Using Statistics about People with
Disabilities to Inform the SPIL
August 23, 2012
3:00 PM – 4:30 PM EDT
Presenters:
Andrew Houtenville, Eric Lauer, and Tony Ruiz
University of New Hampshire
SILC-NET, a project of ILRU – Independent Living Research Utilization
0
SILC-NET Presents…
A National Teleconference & Webinar
Disability Statistics Part 2:
Using Statistics about People with
Disabilities to Inform the SPIL
August 23, 2012
3:00 PM – 4:30 PM EDT
Presenters:
Andrew Houtenville, Eric Lauer, and Tony Ruiz
University of New Hampshire
SILC-NET, a project of ILRU – Independent Living Research Utilization
1
SECTION 6
Overview of Major Disability
Data Sources
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Overview of Major Disability Data
Sources
Current Population Survey (CPS)
American Community Survey (ACS)
Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)
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Current Population Survey (CPS)
• Conducted by the Census Bureau on behalf of the Bureau of
Labor Statistics
• A survey of (currently) approximately 100,000 households
• Basic Monthly Survey (BMS): primary source of employment
and labor force statistics in the United States
• March CPS (a.k.a., Annual Social and Economic Supplement
(ASEC), March Supplement, Income Supplement) collects
income and demographic information as well as disability data
• March CPS is the primary source of poverty and health
insurance information
• CPS data are used extensively by government agencies,
researchers, policy makers, and journalists to evaluate
employment, government programs, and the economic wellbeing of the population in the U.S.
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CPS: Strengths and Limitations
• Strengths
– Provides annual national and state level statistics
– Long Time Trends (effectively since 1968; work limitation
question collected since 1981)
– A large set of variables (very detailed income information)
– New six question sequence added in 2008.
• Limitations
– No specific health conditions
– Does not address population living in institutions
– Does not directly address external factors related to
disablement
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Work Limitation Question
• Does anyone in this household have a health
problem or disability which prevents them from
working or which limits the kind or amount of work
they can do? If yes, who is that? (Anyone else?)
• Purpose is to identify people receiving disabilityrelated income.
• Work limitation was in part the basis for many
government disability programs (SSDI, DI, Workers
Compensation).
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Prevalence of Work Limitation (percentage)
(CPS 1981-2011, ages 16-64)
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Employment Rate for People with Work Limitation
(CPS 1981-2011, ages 16-64)
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Additional Questions since
September 2008 (Same as ACS)
• Hearing Difficulty: Is this person deaf or does
he/she have serious difficulty hearing? (all ages)
• Vision Difficulty: Is this person blind or does he/she
have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing
glasses? (all ages)
• Cognitive Difficulty: Because of a physical, mental,
or emotional condition, does this person have serious
difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making
decisions? (ages 5 or older)
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Additional Questions since
September 2008 (Same as ACS), cont’d.
• Ambulatory Difficulty: Does this person have
serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs? (ages 5 or
older)
• Self-Care Difficulty: Does this person have difficulty
dressing or bathing? (ages 5 or older)
• Independent Living Difficulty: Because of a
physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this
person have difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctors office or shopping? (ages 15 or older)
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Other Topics of Interest
• Individual, Family, and
Household level data
• Extensive Information on
Health Insurance
• Employment
• Industry (at the three
digit levels)
• Occupation (at the three
digit levels)
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• Annual Wages/Salary
• Hours Worked per Week,
Weeks Worked per Year
• Educational Attainment
• Income from multiple
sources
• Government Program
Participation
• Poverty Status
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Accessing Data and Statistics
• Raw Data: Public Use Files
– http://cps.ipums.org/cps/
• Summary Tables: Census Bureau’s
Disability Data web site
– http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disabcps
.html
• Other Summary Statistics: UNH Web Site
– http://www.disabilitycompendium.org/
• Hire consultants
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Further Information
• A Guide to Disability Statistics from the
Current Population Survey
– By Richard V. Burkhauser and Andrew J. Houtenville
• Census Bureau’s Disability Data Web Site
– http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disability.html
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Questions & Answers
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American Community Survey
• Purpose: To provide national and local level data
on demographic, social, economic and housing
characteristics
– Replacement for Decennial Census Long Form
– Annual Survey (2000+) – but change disability
definitions in 2004 and 2008.
• Pooling together 3 years of data and 5 years of
data to get local small area estimates.
• Contains a sample of people living in institutions.
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ACS Questions 2008 and Onward
• Hearing Difficulty: Is this person deaf or does he/she have serious
difficulty hearing? (all ages)
• Vision Difficulty: Is this person blind or does he/she have serious
difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? (all ages)
• Cognitive Difficulty: Because of a physical, mental, or emotional
condition, does this person have serious difficulty concentrating,
remembering, or making decisions? (ages 5 or older)
• Ambulatory Difficulty: Does this person have serious difficulty
walking or climbing stairs? (ages 5 or older)
• Self-Care Difficulty: Does this person have difficulty dressing or
bathing? (ages 5 or older)
• Independent Living Difficulty: Because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition, does this person have difficulty doing errands
alone such as visiting a doctors office or shopping? (ages 15 or older)
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ACS: Strengths and Limitations
• Strengths:
–
–
–
–
Annual data used widely in public policy discussions.
Includes persons living in institutions.
Provides annual at local level statistics
Trend data: collected in a consistent manner over time (change
in 2004 and 2008)
• Limitations:
– No “work limitation” question to identify potential VR and
SSDI/SSI participants.
– No specific health conditions.
– Does not directly address external factors related to disablement
– Response error issue (2000-2002) for Go-Outside-Home
Disability and Employment Disability
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Prevalence Rate, by Type of Disability
(ACS 2011, ages 18-64)
20
18.3
15
10
4.2
5
2.1
1.7
Hearing
Vision
5.2
3.5
1.8
0
Overall
Disability
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Amb.
Cogn.
Self-Care
Ind. Liv.
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Example of Local Statistics
2010 Total and Hispanic Populations (Civilian Ages 18 and older) based on
5-Year Pooled ACS
Location
Total
Hispanic
Pct.
United States
228,808,831
31270,834
13.7%
New York
14,819,772
2332,365
15.7%
Tompkins County, New York
83,739
3,209
3.8%
Ithaca city, New York
27,219
1,920
7.1%
3,517
N/A
N/A
503,357
12,810
2.5%
Census Tract 7, Tompkins County
Syracuse city, New York MSA
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Other Topics of Interest
• Individual and Household
level data
• Employment
• Industry (291 industries)
• Occupation (565
occupations)
• Earnings
• Hours Worked per Week,
Weeks Worked per Year
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•
•
•
•
•
Educational Attainment
Housing
Transportation
Income
Supplemental Security
Income (SSI)
payments
• Poverty Status
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Accessing Data and Statistics
• Raw Data: Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) Files
– http://www.factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml
(ACS)
• Summary Tables: American FactFinder
– ACS (and Decennial Census)
• http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml
• Census Bureau’s Disability Data web site
• http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disabcps.html
• Other Summary Statistics: Web Site,
http://www.disabilitycompendium.org
– Annual Disability Statistics Compendium
– Currently Based on 2009-2011 ACS data (state & national level)
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U.S. Census Bureau’s American
Factfinder
• Go to U. S. Census Bureau American Factfinder 2
website
– http://factfinder2.census.gov/
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U.S. Census Bureau – American Fact Finder
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American Fact Finder: Search
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American Fact Finder: Results
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Further Information
• A Guide to Disability Statistics from the American
Community Survey
– By Robert R. Weathers II
– http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/edicollect/123
• Census Bureau’s Disability Data Web Site
– http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/disability.
html
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Survey of Income and Program
Participation (SIPP)
• Conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau.
• Collects information on the income and program
participation of a nationally representative sample of
households and individuals in U.S.
• Sample usually consists of about 36,000 households,
usually fielded every 3-4 years.
• Each new fielding of SIPP is called a “panel,” - each panel
includes several re-interviews of the sample conducted
every four months, usually over a 36-month period.
• Re-interviews allow researchers to track changes over
time (i.e., longitudinal analysis).
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Survey of Income and Program
Participation (SIPP), cont’d.
• Disability measures.
– Each interview asks questions regarding presence of
a work limitation.
– Disability questions in special topical module included
in certain interviews. Include specific health
conditions, impairments, functional limitation status:
ADLs/IADLs.
• Other topics include chronic health history, employment,
poverty, medical history/expenditures, federal program
participation, use of assistive devices.
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SIPP Strengths
• Source of the 54 million number
• Wide variety of disability and health related data.
• Re-interviews allow researchers track changes over
time (i.e., longitudinal).
• Linked files to Social Security Administrative records.
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SIPP Limitations
• Relatively small sample sizes-cannot support state
level estimates.
• Some measurement issues with the disability
questions (Maag and Wittenburg, 2003).
• Sample attrition across re-interviews. Some sample
members drop out of survey. Sample weights do
account for attrition to some extent.
• Over the course of SIPP panels, there have been
some changes to the structure and placement of
disability questions. May be difficult to construct
consistent measures across panels.
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SIPP Disability Questions: Sensory
• Do you have any difficulties seeing the words and letters in
ordinary newspaper print even when wearing glasses or
contact lenses if you usually wear them? Note, includes
blindness
– Are you able to see the words and letters in ordinary
newspaper print at all?
• Do you have difficulty hearing what is said in a normal
conversation with another person even when wearing your
hearing aid?
– Are you able to hear what is said in a normal conversation
at all?
• Do you have any difficulty having your speech understood?
– In general, are people able to understand your speech at
all?
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SIPP Disability Questions: Physical
Impairment
• Do you have any difficulty lifting and carrying something as
heavy as 10 pounds- such s a bag of groceries?
– Are you able to lift and carry a 10 pound bag of groceries
at all?
• Do you have any difficulty pushing or pulling large objects
such as a living room chair?
– Are you able to push or pull such large objects at all?
• Do you have any difficulty...
– a. Standing or being on your feet for one hour?
– b. Sitting for one hour?
– c. Stooping, crouching, or kneeling?
– d. Reaching over your head?
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SIPP Disability Question: Physical
Impairment, cont’d.
• Do you have difficulty using your hands and fingers to do
things such as picking up a glass or grasping a pencil?
– Are you able to use your hands and fingers to grasp and
handle at all?
• Do you have any difficulty walking up a flight of 10 stairs?
– Are you able to walk up a flight of 10 stairs at all?
• Do you have any difficulty walking a quarter of a mile about 3 city blocks?
– Are you able to walk a quarter of a mile at all?
• Do you have any difficulty using an ordinary telephone?
– Are you able to use an ordinary telephone at all?
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SIPP Disability: Mental Impairment
• Do you have…
– A learning disability such as dyslexia?
– Mental retardation?
– A developmental disability such as autism or cerebral
palsy?
– Alzheimer's disease or any other serious problem with
confusion or forgetfulness?
– Any other mental or emotional condition?
• Note: This is for the working-age population. The SIPP
includes additional questions for children.
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SIPP Disability: Activities of Daily Living
• Because of a physical or mental health condition, do you
have difficulty doing any of the following by yourself?
– a. Getting around INSIDE the home?
– b. Getting in and out of bed or a chair?
– c. Taking a bath or shower?
– d. Dressing?
– g. Eating?
– f. Using or getting to the toilet?
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SIPP Instrumental Activities of Daily
Living
• Because of a physical or mental health condition, do you
have difficulty doing any of the following by yourself?
– Going OUTSIDE the home, for example, to shop or visit
a doctor's office?
– Keeping track of money or bills?
– Doing light housework such as washing dishes or
sweeping a floor?
– Taking the right amount of prescribed medicine at the
right time?
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SIPP Disability: Work Limitation
• Do you have a physical, mental or health condition that
limits the kind and amount of work you can do?
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Prevalence Rate, by Type of Disability
(SIPP 2002, ages 25-61)
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Further Information
• A Guide to Disability Statistics from the Survey of
Income and Program Participation
– By David C. Wittenburg and Sandi Nelson.
– Forthcoming:
http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/edicollect/
• Real trends or measurement problems: Disability and
employment trends from the Survey of Income and
Program Participation
.
– By Elaine Maag and David C. Wittenburg.
– http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/edicollect/150
• U.S Census Bureau Web Site
– http://www.bls.census.gov/sipp/
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Questions & Answers
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SECTION 7
Using Disability Statistics:
Which definition and source?
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Using Disability Statistics:
Which dataset and what definition
• Key questions to ask when choosing a data set.
• Examples of accessing the data.
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Dataset Comparison:
Key questions to ask
• Geographic level
– National, regional, state, county, metropolitan area, etc.
• Years data collected
– Specific year, most recent year
• Disability Concept/Measure
– Sensory, physical, mental disability
• Population coverage
– Civilian non-institutionalized, institutionalized
• Selected Areas of interest
– Employment, poverty, income, occupation, ethnicity,
housing, etc.
• Ease of Accessibility and Use
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SECTION 8
Exercises/Case Studies
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Identifying and Using Disability
Statistics
• Give examples how the use of statistics may assist
or help you with your work?
• Please specify:
–
–
–
–
The problem or question you have identified
The information you need
Where and how you would search for information
How you would use the information
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Differences Exercise 1: Prevalence Rate
Question:
Three estimates of the prevalence of disability are
presented in the table below. List possible reasons for
the differences between the three estimates.
Prevalence of Disability among Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 25-61
Data Source
Prevalence Rate
2003 American Community Survey (ACS)
11.9%
2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
16.7%
2002 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)
18.7%
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Differences Exercise 1: Prevalence Rate
Possible Answers:
• The surveys use very different definitions of disability. The SIPP
prevalence rate is the largest, and its definition includes many
questions related to potentially short-term conditions. The
prevalence rate is positively related to the number of survey
questions used. The ACS uses six questions; the NHIS uses 21
questions; and the SIPP uses 27 questions.
• The context in which the questions are asked. The ACS is a
general survey. The NHIS is a health survey. The SIPP is a
program-related survey. We may expect high prevalence rates
in health surveys and perhaps program-related surveys.
• The surveys are conducted in different years and during
different months of the year. (But not likely to cause a dramatic
difference.)
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Differences Exercise 2:
Employment Rate
Question:
Three estimates of the employment rate of people with
disability are presented in the table below. List possible
reasons for the differences between the three estimates.
Employment Rate of Non-institutionalized Civilians with Disabilities Ages 25-61
Data Source
Employment Rate
2003 American Community Survey (ACS)
49.9%
2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
58.6%
2002 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)
53.5%
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Differences Exercise 2: Employment Rate
Possible Answers:
• The surveys use very different definitions of
disability.
• They also use different questions to collect
information on employment. Thus, the definitions of
employment differ.
• The surveys are conducted in different years and
during different months of the year, which can
affect employment estimates (for example seasonal
differences.)
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Differences Exercise 3:
State Comparisons
Question:
State-level estimates of the disability prevalence
rate are presented in the table on the next slide.
What do states with high prevalence rates have in
common? What do states with low prevalence
rates have in common? What patterns can you
identify and explain? List possible reasons for the
differences and similarities.
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2011 Prevalence of Disability among Non-institutionalized Civilians, by State (%)
State
Rate
State
Rate
State
Rate
AL
16.2
KS
12.2
ND
10.4
AK
10.9
KY
16.8
OH
13.3
AZ
11.2
LA
15.1
OK
15.7
AR
16.3
ME
15.1
OR
13.8
CA
9.9
MD
10.2
PA
13.1
CO
10.1
MA
10.8
RI
13.5
CT
10.4
MI
13.6
SC
13.9
DE
12.3
MN
10.0
SD
11.3
DC
11.1
MS
16.3
TN
15.1
FL
12.8
MO
13.8
TX
11.6
GA
11.7
MT
12.8
UT
8.5
HI
10.7
NE
11.4
VT
13.2
ID
12.6
NV
10.6
VA
10.8
IL
10.2
NH
11.2
WA
11.9
IN
12.5
NJ
9.7
WV
18.9
IA
11.2
NM
13.3
WI
10.8
NY
10.6
NC
13.2
WY
11.8
SILC-NET, a project of ILRU – Independent Living Research Utilization
Source: Cornell University tabulations using the 2004 ACS.
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Differences Exercise 3: State Comparisons
Possible Answers:
• Higher prevalence rates are seen in the Appalachian
states and the lower Mississippi Valley.
• The patterns across states are consistent with what is
known as the “Disability Belt,” which is also reflected in
other surveys and in enrollment numbers in the Social
Security disability programs.
• West Virginia figures may be due to “Black Lung Disease”.
• High prevalence numbers may be associated with laborintensive industries, like agriculture and mining.
• Perhaps, there are cultural differences in the reporting of
a disability.
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Name-that-Data Source: County Level
Question:
Which data source was used to create the table below?
And what is the question used to define “ambulatory
difficulty”?
2010 Number Non-institutionalized Civilians Ages 18-64 with Ambulatory Difficulty, by County in New Jersey
County
Number
Atlantic
9,556
Bergen
County
Number
County
Number
Gloucester
9,257
Ocean
15.683
13,185
Hudson
16,551
Passaic
13,221
Burlington
11,567
Hunterdon
1,954
Salem
2,224
Camden
18.477
Mercer
9,715
Somerset
4,711
Cape May
2,450
Middlesex
15.357
Sussex
3,396
Cumberland
6,004
Monmouth
11,255
Union
9,880
Essex
20,115
Morris
6,649
Warren
2,234
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Name-that-Data Source: County Level
Answers:
• American Community Survey 3-year pooled
estimates
• "Does this person have serious difficulty walking or
climbing stairs?”
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Name-that-Data Source: Over Time
Question:
Which data source was used to create the figure below?
And what is the question used to define “work
limitation”?
Prevalence of Work Limitations among Non-Institutionalized Civilians, Ages 21-64
10
8
8.4 8.4 8.3 8.4 8.2
7.9 7.9 7.6 7.7 8.1 7.9 7.8
7.9
7.9 7.9 7.8 8.1 7.7 8.3
7.7
7.5
7.4 7.3 7.4
6
4
2
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
0
55
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Name-that-Data Source: Over Time
Answers:
• These statistics are from the Current Population Survey
Annual Demographic Supplement (CPS). In the future the
ACS time series will become long enough to become more
relevant, although it will never be able to look at patterns in
the 1980s and 1990s. The National Health Interview Survey
(NHIS) also has a work limitation question, but it has a
severe “seam” between 1996 and 1997 when the entire
survey was revised.
• "A work limitation is determined by the following question:
"[d]oes anyone in this household have a health problem or
disability which prevents them from working or which limits
the kind or amount of work they can do? [If so,] who is
that? (Anyone else?)."
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Name-that-Data Source:
County Level and Condition Specific
Question:
Which data source was used to create the table below?
What are some caveats about such statistics?
Number of Social Security Beneficiaries with Musculoskeletal Injuries that are Eligible of the Ticketto-Work Program, by County in New Jersey
County
Number
Atlantic
3,536
Bergen
County
Number
County
Number
Gloucester
3,232
Ocean
6,286
4,569
Hudson
6,027
Passaic
4,790
Burlington
4,070
Hunterdon
Salem
1,132
Camden
7,075
Mercer
3,761
Somerset
1,297
Cape May
1,337
Middlesex
5,854
Sussex
1,275
Cumberland
2,471
Monmouth
4,893
Union
4,214
Essex
7,959
Morris
2,046
Warren
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622
917
57
Name-that-Data Source: County Level
Answers:
• These statistics are from a web site, which is part of the
Ticket to Work program
(https://yourtickettowork.com/web/ttw/en-beneficiarydistribution).
• An important caveat is that people with musculoskeletal
injuries that are not in these programs are not included.
This data is only for those who are in the SSDI and/or SSI
programs and are eligible for the Ticket.
• You can actually get zip code level statistics for 19 diagnostic
categories. However, there are no additional breakdowns
available, such as breakdowns by age, race, and gender.
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SECTION 9
Latest Developments and Other
Resources
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Coming Improvements
• Uniform minimum set of disability question:
Following a component of ACA, Secretary Sebelius
recently mandated the six ACS questions to be the
included in all surveys
• ACS 5-Year Pooled Sample: Once the 2013
ACS data is available the Census Bureau will pool
2008-2013 to get a big sample to estimate even
smaller areas.
• CPS Disability Supplement: Already fielded,
data should be out soon. It looks specifically at
disability and employment barriers and facilitators.
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Additional Resources
• www.ResearchOnDisability.org – Our main web site
• www.DATA.gov – a wealth data from agencies.
• www.ICDR.gov – Subcommittee on Disability Statistics
(with a monthly conference call.
• Good Example of Using Statistics – From the Center on
Independence of the Disabled, New York (NYC’s ILC)
www.cidny.org/resources/News/Reports/Disability%20Matters.pdf
• Another Good Example of Using Statistics – Chicago
Community Trust report that sets goals for key outcomes
www.cct.org/sites/cct.org/files/CCT_QuestForEqualityWhitePaper_
1110.pdf
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SECTION 10
Summary and Conclusions
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Summary: Learning Objectives
• Definitions of Disability
– Conceptual
– Survey Measurement
• Introduction to Major National Surveys
• How to Use Survey Data
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Questions & Answers
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Contact
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
www.ResearchOnDisability.org/
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Wrap Up and Evaluation
• Click the link below now to complete an
evaluation of today’s program found at:
https://vovici.com/wsb.dll/s/12291g507d1
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StatsRRTC Attribution
Funding for the content of this Webinar/teleconference and
the participation of Drs. Houtenville and Ruiz and Mr. Lauer
was provided by the Hunter College Rehabilitation, Research
and Training Center on Disability Statistics and Demographics
(StatsRRTC), which is funded by the U.S. Department of
Education, National Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation
Research, under cooperative agreements H133B080012.
The contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the
Department of Education, and you should not assume
endorsement by the Federal Government (Edgar, 75.620 (b)).
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SILC-NET Attribution
Support for development of this Webinar/teleconference was
provided by the U.S. Department of Education, Rehabilitation
Services Administration under grant number H132B070003.
No official endorsement of the Department of Education
should be inferred. Permission is granted for duplication of
any portion of this PowerPoint presentation, providing that
the following credit is given to the project and the
StatsRRTC: Developed as part of the SILC-NET, a
project of the IL-NET, an ILRU/NCIL/APRIL National
Training and Technical Assistance Program and as
part of the Rehabilitation Research and Training
Center on Disability Demographics and Statistics.
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