Transcript Intro to Middleware - Indiana University

ECET 581/CPET/ECET 499
Mobile Computing Technologies & Apps
Mobile Device Connectivity
Protocols
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Lecture 14
Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor
Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology
Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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Wireless Protocols
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WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)
WML (Wireless Markup Language)
Bluetooth
OBEX (Object Exchange)
WBXML
Mobile Internet Protocols
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)
• WAP Forum, http://www.wapforum.org/
• WAP 2.0,
http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/wap/
wapindex.html
• Integrates telephony services with browser
technology, interactive Internet access for mobile
handsets
• Typical WAP applications
 Over-the-air e-commerce transactions, online
banking, information provisioning, and messaging
• WAP 2.0 Technical White paper,
www.wapforum.org/what/WAPWhite_Paper1.pdf
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP 2.0
http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/wap/wap
index.html
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Architecture
Client ID
Client Provisioning
External Functional Interface (EFI)
General Formats
Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS)
Persistence
Push
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP 2.0
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Synchronization
User Agent Profile
Wireless Application Environment
Wireless Protocols
Wireless Security
Wireless Telephony Application (WTA)
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP Architecture (client)
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Application Layer (WAE)
Session Layer (WSP)
Transaction Layer (WTP)
Security Layer (WTLS)
Transport Layer (WDP)
Bearers (Lowest Transport mechanism)
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP Architecture (client): Bearers (Lowest
Transport mechanism)
• GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communications)
• CDMA
• IP
• UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication
System)
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP Architecture (client): Transport Layer
(WDP)
• Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)
• Wireless Control Message Protocol (WCMP)
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP Architecture (client): Transaction
Layer (WTP)
• Equivalent of the TCP layer in the IP stack)
• Class 0 – unreliable one-way messages without
confirmation
• Class 1 – reliable one-way message without
result messages (push Short Message
Services)
• Class 2 – reliable two-way request-response
messages (confirmation, result of a query)
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP Architecture (client): Session Layer
(WSP)
• Connection-Oriented services based on WTP
• Supports HTTP 1.1 functionality and semantics
in a binary-encoded format
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP Architecture (client): Application
Layer (WAE) environment
• Micro-browser
• Displaying WML pages
• Executing WML script
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP Infrastructure
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Mobile client
A public land mobile network (GMS, etc)
A public telephony network
A WAP gateway
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Protocol conversion
Content encoding
• An IP network
• A WAP application server
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP Profile
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Homepage: http://x.yy.xx.xyz/homepage.wml
Connection type
Connection security
Bearer
Dial-up number
IP address
Authentication type
Data call type
Data call speed
User name
Password
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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WAP Security issue
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End-to-end security
Missing security authentication
Unauthenticated OTP (On-the-Air Provisioning)
Missing Public Key Infrastructure
March 12, 2007
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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Wireless Markup Language
• An XML markup language
• WML deck
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March 12, 2007
A unit transferred from the application or content
server to the mobile device
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Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols
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Wireless Markup Language
<?xml version=“1.0”>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC “-//WAPFORUM// DTD
WML 1.1// EN”
http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml”
>
<wml>
<card id=“card1” title=“sample”>
<p> Hello World! </p>
</card>
</wml>
March 12, 2007
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