Transcript Slide 1

Practices of Modern Engineering
Lecture 24
About Innovation
& Closure
April 28, 2011
Luis San Andres
Mast-Childs Tribology Professor
Texas A&M University
http://rotorlab.tamu.edu/me489
1
Innovation
Innovation is the application of
invention
Inspiration is fine, but above all, innovation
is really a management process.
The process of innovation begins with
invention, and is only realized when a
market develops.
2. “The Innovation Economy,” Business Week 75th Anniversary Issue, October 11, 2004
2
Technology path
Performance
measurement
Mature technology
reaches limit
Initial
Deployment
-Fast changes
~exponential
growth
All technologies (innovations)
evolve to satisfy a need. At
the start, performance growth
rate is fast. However, as time
passes, the technology
matures to reach its limit. The
more mature the technology,
the more resources to enable
gains in performance
unless…..
Time
3
Moore‘s Law
1965: Transistor density on ICs doubles every two years
Performance
measurement
Time
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Transistor_Count_and_Moore%27s_Law_-_2008.svg
4
Moore‘s Law
Hard Drive Capacity
Performance
measurement
Time
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hard_drive_capacity_over_time.svg
5
Technology shifts
Performance
measurement
C
Paradigm shifts
B
A
Moore’s Law
is too simple.
In reality,
leaps in
performance
demand
paradigm
shifts
B replaces A
C replaces B, etc
Time
6
Technology shifts: hard drives
Performance
measurement
D: Molecular (nano) storage
C: Solid State storage
B: HD storage (speed, track
spacing, drums, head height)
A: tape storage
Time
7
Technology shifts: aircraft engines
Performance
measurement
D: ramjets
C: High fan bypass engines
B: Jet gas turbine engines
A: reciprocating IC engines
Time
8
Types of Innovations (technologies)
Sustaining technologies improve marginally
existing products or services (quality of CDs, storage in
HDs, IC engine cars), They require gradual change and retain
Status Quo.
Disruptive technologies completely change the
nature of a market or business (iPod, mobile phones,
digital photography and sound, solid state memory, on-line
retailing)
The Innovator’s Dilemma & The Innovator’s Solution
Prof C. Christensen, Harvard BS
The Economist, Idea, May 11, 2009
9
Sustained Innovation
• Makes better products that can be sold for more
money to attractive customers - optimization
• Addresses to specific customer needs
• Incumbents almost always prevail: more resources,
bigger profits
• Examples: PDAs, Cell phones, Cars, Engines, Power
generation
Innovator’s Dilemma
Prof C. Christensen, Harvard BS
The Economist, Idea, May 11, 2009
10
Disruptive Innovation
• Simpler, more convenient
product that sells for less
money and appeals to new or
unattractive customers
• Entrants likely to beat
incumbents. Cost structure low
enough to make profit on discount
prices
• Ex: Ikea, Dell, Embraer Airplanes
Innovator’s Dilemma
It comes from listening
to your customers –
not what they say, but
about what they do
Prof C. Christensen, Harvard BS
http://my.asme.org/Videos/Entrepreneurship_Innovation.cfm
11
Dilemma for corporations
Big breakthroughs or steady optimization?
whether to go for the big bang change or
whether to shuffle along with business more
or less as usual.
For a while in the 1990s the slow shuffle was in favor, backed by
concepts such as kaizen, the Japanese idea of gradual
improvement, and business process re-engineering. But by the
late 1990s, along with a disruptive innovation called the internet, a
certain impatience had crept in.
Innovator’s Dilemma
Prof C. Christensen, Harvard BS
The Economist, Idea, May 11, 2009
12
Dilemma: Sustained or disruptive?
Companies cannot miss the next big bang and look
for “breakthrough opportunities,” opportunities to
leapfrog ahead of opponents.
The best way for big organizations to harness the potential of
disruptive innovations is to set up (or buy) separate “spin-off
organizations” that behave as if they are small and buzzy.
Such spin-offs, however, need to have a very different culture
from their parents: targeting small markets (first) and having
a much higher tolerance of failure.
Innovator’s Dilemma
Prof C. Christensen, Harvard BS
The Economist, Idea, May 11, 2009
13
Innovation is risk
Experience shows that the ability to sell ideas is the
critical factor in enabling technical people, indeed
anyone, to “make a difference.”
Innovation involves new ideas and requires
change. Change is risky. However it may be
riskier NOT to change. (Change or perish!)
PRISM, 2002, Selling Innovation
Ronald J. Bennett, Ph.D.
Engineering and Technology Management
University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota
14
Selling Innovation
Why it is necessary to “sell” innovation:
1. There is nothing that cannot be done or made better.
2. No new discovery or idea (invention) has value to others
until it is applied (innovation).
3. Every new idea meets resistance.
4. People buy for their reasons, not yours.
5. It is an obligation of leadership to take others where they
wouldn’t go by themselves.
6. It is goal of lifelong learning to become consciously
competent at whatever we do.
7. To be effective and to get support from others, technical
professionals need to be able to “sell” their ideas in terms
that resonate with their buyers.
PRISM, 2002, Selling Innovation
Ronald J. Bennett, Ph.D.
Engineering and Technology Management
University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota
15
Innovation
Innovation is ‘the intersection of invention and
insight, leading to the creation of social & economic
value.’
Innovation is a national priority, central to
economic growth in an increasingly fastpaced, + competitive, and global environment
Innovation (1) can be taught, (2) can be
managed, and (3) can be stimulated.
1. National Innovation Initiative Final Report (2004): http://www.compete.org
16
Creativity
Creativity is an indispensable quality for engineering!
Invention is the beginning……..
American engineering schools must play to the strengths of our system in the
new global economy. American
engineers lead the world in
two fundamental ways: innovation and the ability to
recognize and improve systems.
While India may be good at writing specific computer code, Germany excels
at precision, and Japan at continuous improvement, American engineers
excel at creativity, “About the time we begin to lose jobs overseas, we
change the game, and it makes the argument irrelevant,”
INNOVATIVE
The business of being creative
is fundamental to our long-term
economic health. This INNOVATION
creativity needs to be nurtured, needs to be
emphasized, needs to be measured.
17
NAEP: The Engineer of 2020
The 3-corners of Eng Vision 2020
Superb Engineering
(Maths, Physics, Science)
Arts
Creativity &
Innovation,
Design,
Communication
Entrepreneurship,
Philanthropy,
Ethics
18
NAEP: Educating the Engineer of 2020
Focus Design Centered Education
How to teach/learn
Foundation
innovation:
Specialization Realization
Design Centered &
Project
oriented education with firm
and realizable deliverables.
Foundation: mastering
Coursework
Projects
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
and applying fundamentals
in substantial eng projects
Specialization: develop
&apply knowledge in depthchose fields
Realization: tackle
problems similar to
professional practice.
Industry sponsoredcollaborative
19
NAEP: Educating the Engineer of 2020
Resources
http://www.compete.org
Innovation is a national priority, central to economic growth in an increasingly fast-paced,
+ competitive, and global environment
Compete.org
Council on competitiveness: CEOs, University
presidents and labor leaders working to ensure U.S. prosperity
Numerous publications (free of charge) on innovation, technology, strategies, etc
20
Watch me
http://my.asme.org/Videos/Entrepreneurship_Innovation.cfm
21
Resources
22
Note: Innovation also applies to you as an engineer
(Re)invent your self and be able to sell
your own product (engineering
competence). Enable and nurture
what makes you distinct, unique….
23
The News this week
24
Modern Engineering Needs
National Academy of Engineering (NAE) 2007
Vision 2020:
To enhance the nation's economic productivity and
improve the quality of life worldwide, engineering
education in the US must anticipate and adapt to
the dramatic changes of engineering practice.
Besides the necessary technical
skills, what else is needed from
US engineers?
25
ABET Engineering Criteria 2000: Outcomes
(a-k)
Upon graduation students must demonstrate an ability to
a) Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering
b) Design and construct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data
c) Design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within
realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political,
ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability
d) Function on multi-disciplinary teams
e) Identify, formulate and solve engineering problems
f) Understanding of professional and ethical responsibility
g) Communicate effectively
h) The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering
solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context
i) Recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning
j) A knowledge of contemporary issues
k) An ability to use the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools
necessary for engineering practice.
Qualities of modern engineer
26
This class was about:
An Introduction to the practices of
modern engineering:
a) application of the sciences (mathematics and physics) and
engineering principles to satisfy needs, and
b) other tracts that will ensure the
engineer’s survival and continued
success in the profession
27
What were the expectations?
Will learn the various skills that an engineer
exercises daily in his/her work, the dos & don’ts of
practical engineering, the competitive advantages
that will keep you ahead
How to learn to be an active learner
How to respect & protect intellectual
property
28
+++
Management: time, schedules, resources &
own career
Team player: how to work & how to
communicate with others
Responsibility own & world (global village),
ethics and safety
Innovation how to learn it, how to practice it.
29
Class outcomes - evaluation
Very
Satisfied
Satisfied
Help students to realign their
thinking and learning processes
by having a vision of real
engineering work
22
12
2
Facilitate the exploration of a
topic of mutual interest by
students and lecturer
22
13
3
Provide a platform for students to
engage in in-depth discussion on
a specific (scientific) issue and to
present their ideas clearly in oral
and written form
28
9
4
Offer students a diversity of
scientific topics to choose from,
exposing them to areas that they
may otherwise not have the
chance to experience
27
9
5
Establish a rapport between
lecturer and students, creating
opportunities for mentorship in
the students’ later UG years and
beyond
27
10
Class Outcomes
1
Somewhat
Satisfied
Dissatisfi
ed
N/A
Total
3
37
2
43
registered
30
Class outcomes - evaluation
Very
Satisfied
Satisfied
Help students to realign their
thinking and learning processes
by having a vision of real
engineering work
59%
32%
2
Facilitate the exploration of a topic
of mutual interest by students and
lecturer
59%
35%
3
Provide a platform for students to
engage in in-depth discussion on a
specific (scientific) issue and to
present their ideas clearly in oral
and written form
76%
24%
4
Offer students a diversity of
scientific topics to choose from,
exposing them to areas that they
may otherwise not have the
chance to experience
76%
24%
5
Establish a rapport between
lecturer and students, creating
opportunities for mentorship in the
students’ later UG years and
beyond
73%
27%
Class Outcomes
1
Somewhat
Satisfied
Dissatisfied
Total
8%
100%
6%
31
Vision EC 2020: Skills to succeed
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prepared for global competency
Superb communication skills (written & oral)
Trained in teams that work and deliver
Ready for open-ended multidisciplinary
problems with no unique answer
Ready for innovation and to embrace
change
Show absolute professional integrity
DO MORE WITH LESS
DO THINGS RIGHT THE FIRST TIME
Educating the Engineer of 2020 (NAE)
32
Thanks to
DOWNLOAD CLASS CONTENTS – zipped file (112 MB)
Group Name
Student 1
Student 2
Student 3
Student 4
Student 5
Student 6
The Wrecking
Crew
Brenna Welch
Kaylan
Martin
Michael
Carroll
Thomas Vest
Dustin
Smith
Michael
Mitchel
A&M Team
Monica Foster
Mark
Fondren
Mitch
Johnson
Adam Vaclavik
Drew Parks
Classic Style
Rico Martinez
Travis Cable
Stephanie
Simerskey
Sam McCaskil
Phillip
Laughbaum
The Better Team
Kevin Unietis
Hunter
Palmer
Bryce
Peterman
Nathan
Mentzer
Toby
Williams
Team Alpha
Blake Carlton
Michael Cox
Lana Wilson
Damon Ritter
Gary Daigle
Last Pick
Kathryn Harris
Anthony
Sposato
Matt Koenig
Jason Bryan
Stephen
Davis
Gilligan's Blade
Carlos Dela
Guardia
Tyler Lindt
Pilar
Mondragon
Brice Jackson
Jack
Schommer
LeftOvers
Joshua
Norsworthy
Sarah Corbitt
Joel Turtle
Clayton
Martin
James
Hamaker
Grant McCall
Shanna
Simmons
For their hard work and cooperation.
See class feedback (recommendations) at http://rotorlab.tamu.edu/me489
(*) Group leaders in red
33
Congraduations!
ME B.S. May 2011
Jason Bryan
Michael Carroll
Michael Cox
Stephen Davis
Mark Fondren
Best of the best, a productive
professional career and a
rewarding personal life.
James Hamaker
Kathryn Harris
Hunter Palmer
Bryce Peterman
Damon Ritter
Shanna Marie Simmons
Dustin Smith
Joel Turtle
Kevin Unietis
Lana Ann Wilson
34
For those students still in school
How can I better prepare myself for
working as an engineer in the real
world?
Recommendations from students at
National University of Singapore
Fall 2009
35
How can I better prepare myself for working as an engineer in the real world?
AREAS
METHODOLOGY
BENEFITS
Communication
 Be more outspoken
 Voice opinion in the correct way (i.e.
respectful yet powerful)
 Be well read
 Develop the habit of proofreading
 Develop the habit of writing well (e.g.
vocabulary)
 Be precise in writing
 Attending presentations workshops
 Attend lessons to improve writing
 Increase fluency and
effectiveness in conveying a
message and ideas
Be able to speak to other at
their frequency
 Increase confidence
Teamwork
 Participate in school-wide projects
 Join an interest group or (professional)
society
 Play a active part in all group
assignment and ask for feedbacks
 Be receptive to working with different
people (regardless of background,
gender, culture, nationality).
 Learn to communicate with
corporate representative
 Have the experience of
working with a diversity of
people
 Learn to solve problems
derived from diversity in
members
NUS students – Fall 2009
36
How can I better prepare myself for working as an engineer in the real world?
AREAS
METHODOLOGY
BENEFITS
Experience
 Take part in internship projects
 Go on field trips
 Attend conferences, exhibitions
and seminars conducted by
industries' representatives
 Obtain first-hand working
experience to preparation for real
work
 Gain exposure in different working
styles
 Creating a more realistic
expectations of one’s future
workplace
Knowledge
 Active Learning
 Take classes from other
disciplines
 Read newspapers and magazines,
but discern the information
thoroughly before accepting them.
 Simply meet more people out of
your Dept.
 Gain knowledge and understanding
in various disciplines
 Able to address the concerns from a
different disciplines
 Gain ability to integrate crossfaculty knowledge and act as a bridge
between the engineering and nonengineering community
NUS students – Fall 2009
37
How can I better prepare myself for working as an engineer in the real world?
1: To effectively prepare students to work as a team, it is fundamentally
important to change the existing stereotype that “engineers do things by
themselves” and establish the importance of teamwork as part of the
curriculum
2: Out there, it is not about merely solving ‘problem number three’, but about
how efficient an engineer can work together with other individuals. In turn,
efficiency requires fine communication skills.
3: Group work should not be done at the last minute, as it compromises
discussion opportunities
NUS students – Fall 2009
38
How can I better prepare myself for working as an engineer in the real world?
4: .. students have the impression that working alone is more effective than
working in a team. This is because they think that being able to work alone will
cause them to stand out from the crowd. However they do not realize that
having this mentality can have adverse effects on their career in the future.
5 To prepare for this, students must practice teamwork, understand related
disciplines and increase their exposure to the world. Our society, being a
multicultural society, already provides opportunities for cross-cultural
interactions which must not be neglected.
NUS students – Fall 2010
39
Practices of Modern Engineering
Closure
Keep as long as you live the desire to learn
& help others. It’s been a privilege to
teach you and to learn from you.
Contact lecturer at
[email protected]
Learn more on his
work at
http://rotorlab.tamu.edu
and his music at
http://www.ies3.com/ElSanto
Thanks!
40
Practices of
Modern
Engineering
© Luis San Andres
Texas A&M University
2011
http://rotorlab.tamu.edu/me489
41