Transcript Slide 1

INDEKS
PRODUKTIVITAS
TANAH
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Indeks Produktivitas (PI) dapat digunakan untuk menilai
(rating) tanah-tanah menurut kesesuaiannya untuk
produksi tanaman.
Beberapa serie tanah dinilai (diuji) potensi produksinya, yaitu Serie
Nyankpala (NS), Serie Changnayili (CS) dan Serie Kpelesawgu (KS),
dievaluasi kesesuaiannya saat sekarang dan di masa mendatang ,
serta untuk memperkirakan tindakan apa saja untuk memperbaiki
produktivitasnya.
Tanaman uji dapat digunakan jagung, kedelai dan kac tanah.
Soil samples were taken from 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm
depths, and soil and crop data were rated and scaled using
100% as the optimum and the Productivity index (PI) ratings
for the series were computed.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro Abukari Ziblim, Daniel
Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol. 3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Seri tanah KS mempunyai nilai PI lebih tinggi,
sedengkan seri tanah NS nenounyai nilai PI paling
rendah.
This might mean that KS has higher productivity
potential than both CS and NS.
All three soil series showed low current suitability for
crop production, however, given prudent soil
management practices, the soils would be
potentially suitable for crop production.
Direkomendasikan pengelolaan tanah dilakukan
untuk memperbaiki pH tanah dan memasukkan
bahan organik untuk meningkatkan produktivitasnya.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Produktivitas tanah merupakan kemampuan tanah menghasilkan
suatu jenis tanaman pada kondisi pengelolaan tertentu.
Produktivitas menekankan kapasitas tanah untuk memproduksi
tanaman dan harus dinyatakan dalam bentuk “hasil tanaman” (Brady
and Weil, 1999).
To quantify soil productivity, there have been several attempts at
devising systems that provide a productivity index, or rating, by means
of numerical or parametric methods or approach (Delgado and Lopez,
1998).
Model Indeks Produktivitas (PI) merupakan ukuran
produktivitas tanah.
1.
2.
Brady NC, Weil RR (1999). The nature and properties of soil. 12th ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. p. 852.
Delgado F, Lopez R (1998). Evaluation of soil degradation impact on the productivity of Venezuelan soils. Adv. GeoEcol.,
Sumber:
Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
31:133-142.
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Productivity index is an algorithm based on the assumption
that crop yield is a function of root-growth, including rooting
depth, which is controlled by the soil environment
(Lindstrom et al., 1992).
1.
Lindstrom MJ, Schumacher TF, Jones AJ, Gantzer CJ (1992). Productivity index model comparison for selected soils in
North Central United States. J. Soil and Water Conserv., 47(6): 491-494.
Indeks
Produktivitas
Tanah
Pertumbuhan
akar
Kedalaman
perakaran
Lingkungan
Tanah
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Indeks productivitas didasarkan pada sifat-sifat tanah yg
mudah diukur untuk memprediksi efek lingkungan tanah
terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman.
Penilaian IP biasanya terdiri atas persamaan matematis yg
diturunkan secara empirik, untuk menghubungkan
produktivitas dengan nilai-nilai parametrik dari sifat-sifat
tanah.
Setiap sifat tanah mempunyai kiisaran nilai numerik tertentu, dan
kemudian nilai-nilai ini dimasukkan ke dalam persamaan matematik
untuk menghitung IP (Ilaco, 1981).
1.
Ilaco BV (1981). Agricultural compendium for rural development in the tropics and sub-tropics. Elsevier, Amsterdam. p.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro Abukari Ziblim, Daniel
739
Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol. 3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Efek kombinasi dari berbagai faktor (parameter) lebih
bersifat multiplikatif (perkalian) dan bukan adetif
(penjumlahan).
IP mempunyai keuntungan karena tidak terlalu terpengaruh
oleh perubahan teknologi, dibandingkan dnegan model
produktivitas yang berdasarkan hasil tanaman.
Akan tetapi metode evaluasi IP ini lebih sesuai untuk
aplikasi lokal, dan kurang sesuai untuk maplikasi universal
(Russell, 1988).
1. Russell EW (1988). Soil conditions and plant growth. Wild, A. (ed.), 11th edition. Longman Group UK Ltd.
Sumber:
index
rating of some pp.
soils357in the991.
Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
ReinoProductivity
Unido. ISBN
0-582-44677-5.
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Metode-metode untuk evaluasi Produktivitas Tanah
Ada berbagai macam teknik dan filosofi evaluasi produktivitas tanah.
Beberapa metode lebih berkonsentrasi pada derajat kesesuaian sifatsifat tanah, dan metode lainnya lebih mneekankan pada faktor
pembatas tanah untuk penggunaan tertentu.
Beberapa metode mengelompokkan tanah menjadi beberapa (order,
class dan tipe tanah), sedangkan metode lainnya menggunakan
pendekatan hierarkhis.
Other systems have one category, and these are frequently
parametric. In these later systems, mathematical formulae are applied
such that the final result is expressed in numerical terms.
These can be additive or with a multiplicative scheme, the latter
offering better results.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Metode-metode parametrik yang dikembangkan oleh McRae dan
Burnham (1981), dianggap sederhana, objective, quantitatif, dapat
dipercaya, mudah dipahami dan diaplikasikan, dan mudah
dimodifikasi dan disessuaikan dengan penggunaan baru.
Pierce et al. (1983) menggunakan model indeks produktivitas untuk
memprediksi produksi tanaman berdasarkan data-data tentang WHC
(water-holding capacity) tanah, pH, dan resistensi thd pertumbuhan
akar.
Wilson et al. (1991) menggunakan model matematik untuk estimasi
hasil tanaman berdasarkan data BOT dan kandungan CaCO3 dalam
tanah.
1.
2.
McRae SG, Burnham CP (1981). Land evaluation, Monogr. Soil Survey. Clarendon Press. p. 239.
Pierce FJ, Larson WE, Dowdy RH, Graham WAP (1983). Productivity of soils: Assessing long-term changes due to
erosion. J. Soil Water Conserv., pp. 38, 39-44.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Biasanya PI dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus
multifaksional berikut (Delgado, 1998).
dimana :
PI = Productivity index;
Ai = Kondisi yg mengendalikan relasi lengas tanah horison ke-i.
Bi = Kondisi yg menentukan resistensi mekanis (impedances) terhadap
eksplorasi akar tanaman dalam horison ke-i.
Ci = Kondisi yg mengendalikan kesuburan potensial horison ke-i.
Ki = Kepentingan relatif horison ke-i. dan juga kedalaman tanah.
1.
Delgado F, Lopez R (1998). Evaluation of soil degradation impact on the productivity of Venezuelan soils. Adv. GeoEcol.,
31:133-142.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro Abukari Ziblim, Daniel
Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol. 3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
The soil stores the water and air used by plants to sustain life. The
amount of soil water that can be used by the plant varies, due to the
characteristics of the soil, for example, soil texture of the plant, root
distribution and depth (Tolk, 2003).
These models use physical and chemical soil parameters such as bulk
density, soil moisture content, and soil texture, depth to iron
pan/concretions, effective rooting depth, Soil Organic Matter (SOM),
Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC) and pH to quantify the
productivity of soils.
Model-model ini belum mempertimbangkan semua faktor fisik dan
lingkungan yg mempengaruhi Produktivitas Tanah.
1.
Tolk JA (2003). Plant Available Soil Water. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Bushland, Texas, U. S. A.
Marcel Dekker pp. 669-672.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Model yang dipakai
Model Storie (1978) dimodifikasi sedikit. Parameter terukur berikut ini
dipilih dan ditentukan:
PI = H × T x B × D × E × O × A × S,
Dimana: H = kandungan lengas tanah; T = tekstur tanah; B = bobot isi; D =
kedalaman cadas besi; E = kedalaman efektif perakaran; O = kandungan bahan
organik; A = Kapasitas tukar kation (CEC); S = reaksi tanah (pH).
Pemilihan parameter tersebut berdasarkan pada kondisi lingkungan
tanah di lokasi penelitian.
1. Storie RE (1978). Storie index rating (revised). Special Publication 3203, Division of Agricultural Sciences,
University of California, Berkley, California.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Jenis Tanaman yang Diuji
Untuk evaluasi produktivitas tanah (hasil tanaman) pada kondisi
aktual , dapat digunakan empat jenis tanaman; yaitu jagung, kedelai,
kac. Tunggak dan kac. tanah.
Tanaman ditanam secara monokultur pada setiap serie tanah dan
diamati pola pertumbuhannya. Parameter pertumbuhan yg diamati:
tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun/tanaman, lebar daun, dan panjang daun.
The yield was then determined after the crops were harvested.
Measurements started three weeks after germination and continued
every two weeks till maturity/harvesting.
Setelah panen tanaman, 1000 biji setiap jenis tanaman ditimbang
untuk menentukan hasil-tanaman.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Efek Lengas Tanah thd Karakteristik Tanah
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan lengas tanah
beragam dnegan kedalaman tanah. Lapisan tanah pd kedalaman 20 40 cm mempunyai kandungan lengas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan
kedalaman 0 - 20 cm.
Rawls et al. (2003) melaporkan bahwa pada tanah-tanah kasar,
peningkatan C-organik dapat meningkatkan retensi air. Dalam tanahtanah yg kaya liat (>19% liat) , daya retensi airnya meningkat dnegan
meningkatnya kandungan liat.
Rendahnya kandungan lengas tanah pd kedalaman 0 - 20 cm mungkin
disebabkan oleh rendahnya kandungan liat dan BOT.
1. Rawls WJ, Pachepsky YA, Ritchie JC, Sobecki TM, Bloodworth H (2003). Effect of soil organic carbon on
soil water retention. Geoderma, 116: 61– 76.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Tanah CS dan KS pada kedalaman 20-40 cm
mempunyai kandungan lengas lebih tinggi, hal ini
ada hubungannya dengan tingginya kandungan liat
dan BOT.
Hudson (1994) menemukan bahwa kemampuan
tanah menyimpan air-tersedia dipengaruhi oleh
kandungan BOT nya.
1. Hudson B (1994). Soil Organic Matter and Available Water Capacity. J. Soil and Water
Conserv., pp. 189-193.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Kedalaman tanah berpengaruh terhadap
kemampuan tanah menyimpan lengas-tanah.
Menurut Webster and Wilson (1980), tanahtanah yang dalam (tebal) menyimpan lebih
banyak air dibandingkan dengan tanah-tanah
yang dangkal (tipis).
1. Webster CC, Wilson PN (1980). Agriculture in the tropics. Longman, London, UK. p. 640.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro Abukari Ziblim, Daniel
Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol. 3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Tabel 2. Some physical properties of Nyankpala, Changnayili and Kpelesawgu series
at 0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm sampling depths.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Tekstur dan Karakteristik Tanah
Tanah-tanah yang diteliti ternyata teksturnya lempung
berpasir pada kedalaman 0 - 20 cm dan 20 - 40 cm.
Persen liat dan persen debu menurun dnegan kedalaman,
sedangkan persen pasir meningkat.
Persen pasir pada dua lapisan tanah tersebut ternyata
“tinggi”, diikuti oleh persen debu dan kemudian persen liat
paling rendah. (Table 2).
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Tanah-tanah berpasir yang diteliti diduga mempunyai kesuburan yang
terbatas dan tidak mampu menahan banyak air tersedia dan hara
tersedia.
Menurut Bruand et al. (2007), tanah-tanah berpasir berbeda dnegan
tanah lainnya, agregasinya mudah digemburkan dnegan pengolahan
tanah, sehingga dihasilkan porositas yng lebih besar tetapi
stabilitasnya sangat lemah.
Hal ini mengakibatkan penurunan sifat-sifat retensi air.
1.
Bruand A, Hartmann C, Lesturgez G (2007). Physical properties of tropical sandy soils: A large range of behaviours. FAO
Corporate Document Repository, Physical properties of tropical sandy soils.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ag125e/ag125e00.htm Retrieved: 14/02/2012.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Temuan Tsimba et al. (1999) bahwa , bobot isi
tanah meningkat dnegan kedalaman tanah,
mungkin karena rendahnya kandungan BOT,
kurangnya agregasi dan terbatasnya penetrasi
tanah, serta adanya tekanan dari lapisan tanah
di atasnya.
1.
Tsimba R, Hussein J, Ndlovu LR (1999). Relationships between depth of tillage and soil physical characteristics of
sites farmed by smallholders in Mutoko and Chinyika in Zimbabwe. Published in: Kaumbutho PG, Simalenga TE
(1999). Conservation tillage with animal traction. A resource book of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern
and Southern Africa (ATNESA). Harare. Zimbabwe. p. 173 http://www.atnesa.org/contil/contil-tsimba-depthZW.pdf Retrieved: 13/02/2012.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Bobot Isi dan Karakteristik Tanah
The bulk density range of 1.53 to 1.59 g cm-3 in the 0 to 20 cm and
1.60 to 1.67 g cm-3 in the 20 to 40 cm depth are both below the critical
value of 2.1 g cm-3, beyond which plant root growth is severely
limited.
The bulk density values presented in Table 2 are within the limits given
by Bowen (1981) and Kar et al. (1976), beyond which root growth is
impeded and crop production is reduced.
Umumnya nilai-nilai BI yang tinggi pd kedalaman 20 - 40 cm mungkin
ada hubungannya dengan tekstur dan pengolahan tanah yg kontinyu
dan dibarengi oleh aktivitas “grazing animals”.
Rendahnya kandungan BOT menyebabkan nilai BI yang tinggi.
1.
2.
Bowen HD (1981). Alleviating mechanical impedance. In: Arkin G.F. and Taylor, H.M. (eds.). Modifying the root
environment to reduce crop stress, ASAE, pp. 21-57.
Kar S, Varade SB, Subramanyan TK, Ghildyal BP (1976). Soil physical conditions affecting rice root growth: bulk density
and submerged soil temperature regime effects, Agro. J., 68:23-26.
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Kedalaman Cadas Besi
Adanya cadas-besi dalam zone perakaran dapat menghalangi
pertumbuhan akar tanaman dan hal ini mempengaruhi potensial
produktivitas tanah.
The mean depths of 39.0, 32.6 and 61.2 cm to iron concretions of NS,
CS and KS soils respectively, show the development of iron pan
towards the soil surface especially, the NS and CS soils and this can
have strong resistance to root penetration and development.
Adanya cadas-besi pd lapisan yg dangkal mungkin karena pelapukan
bahan induk tanah dan pengolahan tanah yg kontinyus pada
kedalaman yang sama (Waddington, 1991; Unger and Kasper, 1994).
1.
2.
Unger PW, Kasper TC (1994). Soil compaction and root growth: A review. Agro. J., 86: 759-766.
Waddington SR (1991). Agronomic problems related to tillage on small holder cereal production and some research
opportunities. Proceedings of a Workshop held at the Institute of Agricultural Engineering on tillage. Past and future.
Harare 14 and 15 November 1989, pp. 46-57.
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
HUBUNGAN KEDALAMAN PERAKARAN DG SIFAT-SIFAT TANAH
The mean rooting depths of 51.0, 47.6 and 55.2 cm for NS,
CS and KS soils respectively, showed that the soils are
shallow (Table 2). KS soils appeared to be relatively deeper.
Solum tanah yang dangkal mungkin ada hubungannya
dnegan sifat bahan induk tanah dan sejarah budidaya
tanaman di lokasi.
Erosi tanah dapat menjadi faktor penting , karena tanah
dibiarkan begitu saja setelah panen tanaman.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Kandungan BOT
The results of the study indicated low organic matter
content in all the three series in the 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40
cm sample depths (Table 3).
Beberapa faktor mempengaruhi tinggi-rendahnya kandungan BOT,
misalnya, kandungan BOT topsoil di daerah semi-arid sebesar 0.5 1.0% (Young, 1976) dan tanah-tanah berpasir biasanya mempunyai
kandungan BOT lebih rendah dibandingkan dnegan tanah-tanah
berliat (Biswas and Mukherjee, 1994).
1. Biswas TD, Mukherjee SK (1994). Textbook of soil science (2nd ed.) New Delhi India: Tale McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Limited. pp. 414-422.
2. Young A (1976). Tropical soils and soil survey. Cambridge Geographical Studies, London, New York. p.
468.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro Abukari Ziblim, Daniel
Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol. 3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Kandungan BOT
The low organic matter content may be due to the fact that the study
sites have been intensively cultivated or are young fallow areas (2 to 5
years), where basically organic matter production or accumulation is
low.
Rendahnya kandungan BOT tanah juga disebabkan oleh panen
biomasa tanaman secara kontinyu dan sedikitnya pengembalian BO
sisa panen ke lahan. Faktor lainnya adalah tingginya kehilangan
respirasi tanah akibat suhu tinggi (Brady and Weil, 1999), dan
kehilangan erosi-tanah akibat tingginya intensitas hujan.
Menurut Atkinson and Wright (1968), kandungan BOT biasanya
menurun dengan penanaman yang terus-menerus. Dalal and Mayer
(1990) juga melaporkan hal yang serupa.
1.
2.
Atkinson H, Wright K (1968). Comparative effect of keeping soil under continuous cultivation and keeping it under
continuous grass. Soil Sci., 28: 30-42.
Dalal RC, Mayer RJ (1990). Long term trends in soil fertility under continuous cultivation and cereal cropping in
Southern Queensland. Australian J., Soil Res., 24: 563-575.
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Korelasi positif antara kandungan BOT dengan kandungan
liat dalam suatu tanah, menyatakan bahwa jumlah liat
mempengaruhi kandungan BOT karena efek ikatan organicinorganic dalam tanah.
The mean CEC range of 8.04 to 15.36 cmolc kg-1 in the 0 to
20 cm depth and 3.33 to 4.92 cmolc kg-1 in the 20 to 40 cm
depth fall within the range of 3 to 15 cmolc kg-1 (MüllerSämann and Kotschi, 1994).
1. Müller-Sämann KM, Kotschi J (1994). Sustaining growth: Soil fertility management in tropical
smallholders. Margraf Verlag, Weikersheim, Germany. pp. 81-138
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
The range of 3.33 to 4.92 cmolc kg-1 is low when compared to the
lower limit of average CEC at 5 cmolc kg-1 (Landon, 1991) but within
the range 1 to 10 cmolc kg-1 (Foth and Ellis, 1997), which are common
for kaolinitic clays.
Mineral liat dalam tanah di lokasi penelitian adalah kaolinit. Nilai KTK
rendah pada semua serie tanah. Analisis ragam menyatakan tidak ada
efek perlakuan terhadap KTK tanah.
Rataan KTK lebih tinggi pada serie tanah KS untuk kedalaman tanah 0 20 cm dan 20 - 40 cm, yang diikutui dengan seri tanah CS.
1.
2.
Foth HD, Ellis BG (1997). Soil fertility. Second edition. CRC Press Boca Raton, Florida, p. 290.
Landon JR (1991). Booker Tropical Soil Mannual. A Handbook for soil survey and agriculture land evaluation in the
tropics and subtropics. Landon, J. R. (ed). Booker Tate, Thame, Oxon, UK, pp.58-125.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Blanchart et al. (2007) reported that tropical sandy soils (or
upper sandy horizons of tropical soils) have low cation
exchange capacity.
Rendahnya nilai KTK suatu tanah dapat disebabkan oleh
beberapa faktor.
Rendahnya kandungan BOT dan Liat dapat
menyebabkan rendahnya nilai KTK tanah.
1. Blanchart E, Albrecht A, Bernoux M, Brauman A, Chotte JL, Feller C, Ganry F, Hien E, Manlay R, Masse D,
Sall S, Villenave C (2007). Organic matter and biofunctioning in tropical sandy soils and implications for
its management. FAO Corporate Document Repository, Management of tropical sandy soils for
sustainable agriculture http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ag125e/AG125E19.htm. Retrieved: 13/02/2012.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Menurut Landon (1991), KTK merupakan sifat dari fraksi koloid tanah,
terutama liat dan bahan organik. Hal ini mengakibatkan bahwa tanahtanah yang miskin liat dan miskin BOT biasnaya mempunyai KTK yang
rendah. Selain itu, tipe mineral liat juga berpengaruh terhadap nilai
KTK tanah.
Landon (1991) reported that kaolinite clay minerals tend to have very
low CEC values and consequently, most tropical soils are basically
kaolinitic as indicated earlier. Furthermore, the low CEC could be
ascribed to the low pH values of the soils. At low pH values, the CEC is
also generally low.
1.
Landon JR (1991). Booker Tropical Soil Mannual. A Handbook for soil survey and agriculture land evaluation in the
tropics and subtropics. Landon, J. R. (ed). Booker Tate, Thame, Oxon, UK, pp.58-125.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
pH Tanah
The mean soil pH across the three series varies from very
strongly acidic to strong acid in reaction in the 20 to 40 cm
depth (4.4 to 5.0) and 0 to 20 cm depth (5.0 to 5.2) (Table 3).
Kisaran pH ini berada di bawah nilai rata-rata 6.5 (Foth and
Ellis, 1997) yang dianggap ideal bagi ketersediaan hara
dalam tanah.
Brady dan Weil (2002) menyatakan bahwa pH tanah
mempengaruhi semua sifat-sifat kimia, fisika dan biologi
tanah.
1. Brady NC, Weil RR (2002). The nature and properties of soil, 13th ed. Springer Netherlands, p. 249.
Productivity
rating
of fertility.
some soilsSecond
in the Tolon/Kumbungu
district
of the
Northern
regionp.of290.
Ghana . Imoro
2.Sumber:
Foth HD,
Ellis BGindex
(1997).
Soil
edition. CRC Press
Boca
Raton,
Florida,
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Table 3. Some chemical properties of the soil series investigated within
the sample depths of 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
SERIE TANAH DAN INDEKS PRODUKTIVITAS (PI)
Nilai PI suatu tanah menjadi indikator potensi produksi tanah itu. Nilai
PI yang tinggi berarti potensi produktifnya juga tinggi.
Misalnya, nilai PI tanah yang tinggi sebesar 8.32 x 10-4 pada serie
tanah KS , dan nilai PI yang rendah pada serie tanah NS sebesar 0.72 ×
10-4 (Table 4).
These results presuppose that KS soils have higher productive
potential. Productivity indices of 3.2 × 10-4, 3.2 × 10-4 and 19.2 × 10-4
for the 0 to 20 cm depth and 0.4 ×10-4, 1.6 x 10-4 and 1.6 × 10-4 for
the 20 to 40 cm depth indicate that productivity potential of the soils
decrease with depth.
Lebih tingginya nilai PI pada tanah KS disebabkan oleh sifat-sifat tanah
yg “baik” karena kandungan BOT , KTK dan kedalaman perakarannya
lebih besar dibandingkan dnegan serie tanah lainnya.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Table 4. Hasil perhitungan Indeks Produktif Serie Tanah dan Hasil
Tanaman.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Figure 1. The yield (Kg/ha) of maize in the soil series.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
KESIMPULAN
Sifat-sifat fisika dan kimia tanah dapat digunakan untuk
mengkuantifikasikan produktivitas tanah.
Indeks Produktivitas Storie (1978) cukup efektif untuk
mengkuantifikasikan produktivitas tanah, modifikasinya ternyata juga
lebih efisien terutama dnegan memasukkan parameter kandungan
BOT, pH tanah dan KTK , serta menggunakan berbagai jenis tanah.
This study therefore, increased the validity of the model. Hence, it is
recommended that soil management practices such as amendment of
acid soils through liming, incorporation of organic residue into the soil
to improve upon the organic matter status, addition of inorganic
fertilizers and crop rotation could be adopted.
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012
PRODUCTIVITY INDEX RATING OF SOILS
Sumber: Productivity index rating of some soils in the Tolon/Kumbungu district of the Northern region of Ghana . Imoro
Abukari Ziblim, Daniel Okai-Anti and E. Augustine Asmah. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol.
3(6), pp. 154-163, 2012