Transcript Abdominal Cavity - Maryville University

Abdominal Cavity
Landmarks
• Peritoneum: double layered serous membrane
• visceral = outer serous layer of abdominal
organs
• parietal = lines outer wall of cavity, both layers
also fold to form mesenteries, ligaments
• peritoneal cavity: space between layers, sealed
in males; female - perforated by uterine tubes
• intraperitoneal actually does not mean within
cavity - still surrounded by visceral layer
Greater Omentum
• large peritoneal fold (apron) - usually has
lots of fat, free inferior edge
- suspended from greater curvature of
stomach & transverse colon, 4 layers
lesser omentum
• From inferior surface of liver to lesser curvature
of stomach & upper duodenal intestine
- holds hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile
duct in its right margin
• omental bursa = lesser peritoneal sac (vs
greater sac holding all the viscera)
- epiploic (omental) foramen - only connection
with greater peritoneal sac
- between inferior vana cava & right edge of
lesser omentum (where it holds hepatic artery,
portal vein, and common bile duct)
Mesentery
• Mesentery: fold suspending intestines
(jejunum, ileum), attaches to posterior wall
• Transverse mesocolon: ligament
connecting transverse colon to posterior
wall
Ligaments
• Other, smaller ligaments: all peritoneal
folds
– gastrophrenic - diaphragm to stomach
– gastrosplenic (gastrolienal) - to spleen
– gastrocolic - to transverse colon
– splenorenal (lienorenal) - to wall just in front of
kidney
– phrenicocolic ligament - connects its upper
edge to lower left diaphragm
Liver
• Fills right hypochondriac region, extends into
epigastric & left hypochondriac
• lobes, fossae
– Left - gastric impression
– Right - fossa for inferior vana cava - find openings
from hepatic veins
– bare area - directly contacts diaphragm (between
layers of coronary ligament)
– renal; duodenal; colic impressions
– caudate - between inferior vana cava fossa & lesser
omentum
– quadrate - actually a portion of left lobe
Gall bladder
• gall bladder (body, neck) - posterior,
inferior surface of right lobe of liver
• cystic duct exits, joins common (=R+L)
hepatic duct to form common bile duct
• spiral valve - inside neck & into cystic duct
Other structures
• Porta hepatis: hilum of liver - entry of hepatic artery,
portal vein; exit of hepatic ducts
• Falciform ligament - fold connecting visceral peritoneum
of liver with parietal peritoneum of anterior abdominal
wall
• Ligamentum teres hepatis / round ligament of the liver
– remnant of fetal umbilical vein
– found in free (inferior) margin of falciform ligament - from liver
inferior to umbilicus
• coronary ligament: fold connecting visceral peritoneum
of liver with underside of diaphragm
- R triangular ligament - its right upper margin forms a
sharp angle
- L triangular ligament - corner on upper surface of left
lobe
Blood vessels
• hepatic a: (a branch of the celiac artery)
– R, L branches to R, L lobes
– cystic artery (branch of R hepatic) - follows cystic duct
• portal vein: (trio with hapatic artery, common bile
duct) - drains portal system into liver; divides into
right and left branches
• Hepatic veins: several true veins - drain liver into
inferior vana cava (not included with trio in
canal)