Calibration Status for Current Instruments and Plans for Future Instruments:

AVHRR, Landsat, MODIS, VIIRS, APS, ABI

B. Guenther

1

and Brian Markham

2 1 University of Maryland, Baltimore County Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center [[email protected]] 2 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 614.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 ASIC 3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

Picture of Sensor

AVHRR

• Climate Applications – Vegetation Indices – ISCCP (cloud) products Band No.

1 2 3 NOAA 6, 8, 10 0.58 - 0.68

0.725 - 1.10

NOAA 7, 9, 11, 12, 14 0.58 - 0.68

0.725 - 1.10

NOAA 15, 16, 17, 18 0.58 - 0.68

0.725 - 1.10

1.58 - 1.64

Wavelength in micrometers Ascending Node 1340 (11), 1400/1420/1430 (7, 9, 14, 16, 18), 1930 (6, 8, 10, 15), 2200 (17) • Primary Calibration Strategy – Prelaunch – Vicarious on-orbit

ASIC 3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

Landsat MSS

Landsat-1 1972-1978; Landsat-2 1975-1982; Landsat-3 1978-1983; Landsat-4 1982-1992; Landsat-5 1984-1992

4 VNIR Bands - 80 meters 185 km swath 18 day repeat cycle (Landsat 1-3) 16 day repeat cycle (Landsat 4-5) 0850-0945 equatorial crossing

• •

Climate Applications Regional land cover land use change & carbon consequences Regional biomass change & carbon consequences Primary Calibration Strategy Internal lamps on scene-by-scene basis

ASIC 3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

Landsat TM/ETM+

Landsat-4 TM (1982-3; 1987-1993), Landsat-5 TM (1984->), Landsat-7 ETM+ (1999->)* • •

Climate Applications Regional land cover land use change & carbon consequences Regional biomass change & carbon consequences 4 VNIR; 2 SWIR bands -- 30 m 1 Panchromatic - (ETM+) -- 15 m {1 TIR -- 60 m (ETM+); 120 m (TM) } 0945-1000 equatorial crossing 185 km swath; 16-day repeat L7 seasonal global “cloud-free” coverage

• •

Primary Calibration Strategy L4/L5 TM Initial: Internal lamps on scene-by-scene basis Current L5 TM : Reconstructed history based on lamps, vicarious, outgassing model and ETM+ Xcal 5/2003 -> L7 ETM+ Pre-launch calibration; monitored by on-board lamps, diffuser and vicarious calibration

ASIC 3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites * SLC failure May 2003

LDCM Sensor(s)*

* Based on draft documents on LDCM website 5/06, subject to change

No picture available 5 VNIR bands - 30 m 3 SWIR bands including cirrus detection band - 30 m 1 Panchromatic band - 15 m {Possible thermal band option}

• •

Climate Applications Regional land cover land use change & carbon consequences Regional biomass change & carbon consequences Primary Calibration Strategy

• • •

Internal Lamps Lunar views Solar diffuser

ASIC 3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

Landsat Climate Change Applications

Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) • North Americans forest disturbance and surface reflectance mapping using • Landsat data for North American Carbon Program http://ledaps.nascom.nasa.gov/ledaps/le daps_NorthAmerica.html

• • • Land Cover Land Use Change (LCLUC) studies Forest Biomass and Land-Use Change in Central Africa: Reducing Regional Carbon Cycle Uncertainty Comparative Studies on Carbon Dynamics in Disturbed Forest Ecosystems: Eastern Russia and Northeastern China http://lcluc.umd.edu

National Carbon Accounting System (NCAS) • comprehensive picture of land cover change over the Australian continent for the past 30 years using Landsat data.

• http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/ncas/activities /landcover.html

• • Statewide Landcover and Trees Study (SLATS): Monitoring land cover change and greenhouse gas emissions in Queensland, AU http://www.nrm.qld.gov.au/slats/index.h

tml ASIC 3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

Landsat-7 ETM+ VIS/NIR Calibration Strategy

Radiometric Calibration Hardware • Internal lamps --every scan • Primary - 99.9% of scenes • Secondary - 0.1% of scenes • Solar diffuser - Full Aperture Solar Calibrator - monthly • Partial Aperture Solar Calibrator daily Calibration Working Group • NASA • USGS • 2 University Vicarious Calibration Teams • {2 thermal band vicarious calibration teams} • Twice Yearly meetings ASIC 3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

MODIS

Picture of Sensor 20 Bands from 0.4 to 2.4 μm, with Nadir G I F O V o f 2 5 0 , 5 0 0 o r 1 0 0 0 m W a l l - t o - w a l l c o v e r a g e w i t h w i s k - b r o o m s c a n n e r S 1 3 : 3 0 a n d 2 2 : 3 0 c o n s t a n t l o c a l t i m e o r b i t s • Climate Applications

• Advances CZCS and AVHRR – nLw, Chlor_a, aerosols, clouds, H2O vapor, vegetation indices, snow/ice, land cover/dynamics

• Primary Calibration Strategy – Full aperture Solar Diffuser with SDSM – Spectro-radiometric calibration assembly for spatial and spectral partial aperture characterization – Lunar – Vicarious techniques

ASIC 3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

VIIRS for NPOESS

Picture of Sensor - 11 Moderate and 3 Imaging Bands, near constant - 1330 or 2130 synchronous • Climate Applications – Build on MODIS data set heritage • Primary Calibration Strategy – Spectralon Solar Diffuser (100% Earthshine rejection) – Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (8 bands) – Lunar observations

ASIC 3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

Aerosol Polarimeter Sensor

Shown is the RSP Picture of Sensor

• • •

• Coverage

Polarimetry and radiometry between 400 and 2300 nm Along track scanning, narrow swath A-train position

• Climate Applications APS Science Requirements

 Aerosol refractive index, single scattering albedo, and shape  Aerosol optical thickness  Aerosol particle size •

• Primary Calibration Strategy

• On-orbit calibration approaches

• Data Heritage

Research Scanning Polarimeter, POLDER, MODIS, Sun Photometer network [EOSP] ASIC 3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

Advanced Baseline Imager for GOES-R

Picture of Sensor

• 6 Spectral Bands, resolution of 0.5 to 2 km • Full disk or CONUS in 5 min, 30 s mesoscale images

• Climate Applications – Aerosols, vegetation, clouds (& thin cirrus), fire/burn scar detection, snow/ice • Primary Calibration Strategy – On-orbit, sun-activated target – Proposed special target, Swales development (Bremmer)

ASIC 3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites