HURRICANES AND Tornadoes

What is a hurricane?

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Violent cyclonic storm that develops in the tropical region

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Wind speeds are > 74 mph

Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/ Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=680

 A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a numerous thunderstorms winds and flooding rain . A tropical cyclone feeds on heat released when moist air rises, resulting in as condensation low pressure that produce strong of water vapour center and contained in the moist air. They are fueled by a different heat mechanism than other cyclonic windstorms such nor'easters , European windstorms , and polar lows , leading to their classification as "warm core" storm systems

 The term "tropical" refers to both the geographic origin of these systems, which form almost exclusively in tropical regions of the globe, and their formation in Maritime Tropical air masses counterclockwise . The term "cyclone" refers to such storms' cyclonic nature, with rotation in the Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere hurricane, cyclone.

and clockwise rotation in the typhoon . Depending on their location and strength, tropical cyclones are referred to by other names, such as , tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, or simply as a

 While tropical cyclones can produce extremely powerful winds and torrential coastal flooding rain , they are also able to produce high waves and damaging storm surge . They develop over large bodies of warm water and lose their strength if they move over land. This is the reason coastal regions can receive significant damage from a tropical cyclone, while inland regions are relatively safe from receiving strong winds. Heavy rains, however, can produce significant flooding inland, and storm surges can produce extensive up to 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the coastline.  Although their effects on human populations can be devastating, tropical cyclones can also relieve drought conditions. They also carry heat and energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes , which makes them an important part of the global atmospheric circulation As a result, tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth's troposphere .

mechanism.

 What is a Hurricane? - YouTube

CYCLONIC STORMS-DIFFERENT NAMES in DIFFERENT OCEANS: Atlantic Hurricane, Pacific Typhoon, Indian Ocean Cyclone

Rotation and Pressure

In which direction does a hurricane rotate?

COUNTERCLOCKWISE Is the barometric pressure inside the hurricane high or low?

LOW

When is Hurricane Season?

June 1

st

through November 31st

What is the role of the National Hurricane centers during hurricane season?

   Provides weather information, such as data from satellites Responsible for issuing watches and warnings to the media and general public The US Hurricane Bureau is in Miami. Canada’s is in Dartmouth!

Watch vs. Warning

 What is the difference between a Hurricane Watch and a Hurricane Warning?

 Watch – Tropical storm poses a threat to coastal areas with 36 hours  Warning - Tropical storm conditions are expected in a coastal area within 24 hours

What conditions must be present for a hurricane to develop?

   Source: http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.

gov/oa/reports/fran/fran.html

 Warm ocean temperatures (>26˚C) up to 60m deep Little to no wind shear Low pressure system at least 5˚ North or South of Equator Rotation caused by winds

Even George Clooney loves them!

   The Perfect Storm The Perfect Storm - The Final Fight – YouTube The Giant Wave - The Perfect Storm (3/5) Movie CLIP (2000) HD - YouTube

What is the major source of energy fueling a hurricane?

Heat Energy evaporating from the ocean surface

Source: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/evap.rxml

Hurricane Anatomy

Source: http://hurricanes.noaa.gov/prepare/structure.htm

Another look at the Structure

Source: http://hurricanes.noaa.gov/prepare/structure.htm

Comparison of Terms

 Tropical Disturbance Group of thunderstorms in the tropics that are present for at least 24 hours  Tropical Wave lack of circulation, winds <25 mph and every direction  Tropical Depression closed circulation but disorganized, winds at least 25 mph

Comparison of Terms

Tropical Storm Shower and thunderstorm moves over closed circulation, winds greater than 39 mph Hurricane Eye is developed, winds > 74 mph

Compare the Following

Source: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hurr/stages/home.rxml

By what two factors is hurricane strength measured?

Wind Speed Barometric Pressure

Category 1 2 3 4 5 What is the Scale Used to Categorize Hurricanes?

Saffir-Simpson Scale

Max Wind Speed (mph) 74-96 Min. Surface Pressure (mb) > 980 Storm Surge m (ft) 1-1.7 (3-5) 97-111 112-131 132-155 > 155 979-965 964-945 944-920 < 920 1.8-2.6 (6-8) 2.7-3.8 (9-12) 3.9-5.6 (13-18) > 5.7 (>19) Source: http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/hurricane/saffir-simpson.html

What causes the damage in a hurricane?

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Winds

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Flooding

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Storm Surge

What is a storm surge?

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Large wall or dome of water that rushes into the coastline as a result of a hurricane making landfall

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To the right are the areas affected by high storm surges

Souce: http://www.wkrg.com/hurricanecenter/surge/SE.jpg

What destroys a hurricane?

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Strong vertical winds

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Cold water

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Movement over land

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Friction

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Lack of moisture

Explain why the majority of the costliest storms are relatively recent   Damage is a result of development There are more developed areas and possessions than in the past Source: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1992andrew.html

The deadliest storms were long ago.

  Lack of instrumentation to predict and track storms People were not warned of the incoming danger Results of the Galveston Hurricane Source: http://www.1900storm.com/photographs/photo10.html

How do they decide the names

Alex Bonnie Colin Danielle Earl Fiona Gaston Hermine Igor Julia Karl

of Hurricanes?

Lisa Matthew Nicole Otto Paula Richard Shary Tomas Virginie Walter http://www.livescience.com/34518 hurricane-names-2013.html

Protection

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Listen to warnings

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Take all warnings seriously

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Follow evacuations

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Prepare Food and Water for extensive power outages

Source: http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/students/w97/matheson/hpage.htm

Hurricane Juan-Halifax

Hurricane Juan was a significant tropical cyclone heavy damage in Canada in late September 2003. It was the tenth named storm and the sixth hurricane of the that caused 2003 Atlantic hurricane season . Juan formed southeast of Bermuda on September 24 from a tropical wave that had tracked across the subtropical Atlantic Ocean . It tracked northward and strengthened over the warm waters of the Gulf Stream , reaching Category 2 strength on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale sustained winds some strength as it raced over cooler waters toward the coast of on September 27. The hurricane peaked in intensity with Nova Scotia . of 105 mph (165 km/h) that same day, losing

 Juan made landfall between the Shad Bay Halifax Regional Municipality and Prospect in km/h).

[1] early on September 29 as a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 100 mph (160 Juan retained hurricane strength while crossing Nova Scotia from south to north, though it weakened to a tropical storm over Prince Edward Island . It was absorbed by another September 29 near of Saint Lawrence .

extratropical low Anticosti Island later on in the northern Gulf  The hurricane inflicted extensive damage across central Nova Scotia and into Prince Edward Island, with lesser damage east and west of the storm centre. Most of the damage occurred as a result of the intense winds that buffeted the region. Juan's passage resulted in 8 fatalities and over CA $300 million (US $200 million) in damage. It was described as the worst storm to hit Halifax since 1893

    Unforgettable Weather: Hurricane Juan YouTube Forces of Nature -- Hurricane Juan hits Nova Scotia - YouTube Hurricane Juan Halifax, CBC NEWS YouTube Hurricane Juan 2003 - Hailfax, Nova Scotia – YouTube

HURRICANE KATRINA NEW ORLEANS     Hurricane Katrina Day by Day Hurricane Katrina - YOU MUST WATCH THIS - YouTube Kanye West Hurricane Katrina – YouTube Kanye West revisits "George Bush doesn't care" remarks – YouTube George Bush anger at Kanye West's 'Racist' Remark Memoir – YouTube

  Hurricane Sandy, New Jersey-NY 2012 Super Storm Sandy : An Inside Look at Hurricane Sandy (Full Documentary) – YouTube Hurricane Sandy: The Documentary - YouTube

Tornados vs. Hurricanes

What causes tornados? - Weather - Weather News - msnbc.com

WHAT DO HURRICANES AND TORNADOES HAVE IN COMMON?

 Low Pressure  Strong Winds  Hazardous to Life and Property

HOW DO THEY DIFFER?

 Location: T- inland H-coastal  Size: H- Much wider  Duration – H- last longer  Season of Occurrence – H- Autumn T- Spring

WHEN DO THEY OCCUR?

 Hurricane season  Late Summer and Fall  Tornado season  Spring and Early Summer

 Hurricanes form over warm (80 ° F) tropical seas  Latitude 7-15 degrees North and South of the equator  Tornadoes form over land in the mid-latitudes

HURRICANE DAMAGE

 High winds  75-125 mph  Torrential rains  Flash floods  Storm surges as sea level rises

HURRICANE CLASSIFICATIONS  Category One -- Winds 74-95 mph  Category Two -- Winds 96-110 mph  Category Three -- Winds 111-130 mph  Category Four -- Winds 131-155 mph  Category Five -- Winds greater than 155 mph

LOCATION OF TORNADOES

     Most common in the United States Plains States, Midwest, and Florida In advance of a cold front Embedded in hurricanes Also occur regularly in the Prairies and Ontario

 Tornado Alley is a colloquial term for the area of the United States between the where tornadoes Rocky Mountains are most frequent. Although an official location is not defined, the areas in and Appalachian Mountains are the areas usually associated with it.

 Though no state of the world is entirely free of tornadoes, they occur more frequently in the plains between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. According to the storm events database of the National Climatic Data Center , Texas reports more tornadoes than any other state, though the very large land area should be taken into account. Kansas and Oklahoma are second and third respectively for sheer numbers of tornadoes reported but report more per land area than Texas. However, the density of tornado occurrences in northern Texas is comparable to those in Kansas and Oklahoma. Florida also reports a high number and density of tornado occurrences, though tornadoes there rarely approach the strength of those that sometimes occur in the southern plains

Tornadoes

   No one knows for sure why the sky changes color before a tornado. But there are a couple of theories that suggest what creates the strange greenish-yellow color that (sometimes) precedes a storm.

To understand the first theory, you’ve got to picture mountains. Mountains in the distance often look a deepening blue. That blue color stems from the scattering of light by air molecules – it’s the same reason the sky looks blue. Some experts think that, before a thunderstorm, golden-reddish light from the sun low in the sky and a natural bluing effect of the air combine to create a green sky. The storm provides a dark backdrop and offsets this greenish or yellowish hue. A different meteorological theory holds that storm clouds themselves may help make the color of the sky bluish-green. To understand this theory, you first need to know that water is intrinsically blue (sometimes you can see the bluish tint of water in a white bathtub). It could be that the storm clouds — which are filled with water — provide the color blue, which, again, is illuminated by the golden light of a low sun to create the color green.

SIZE AND DURATION OF TORNADOES

 Narrow intense storm  1/4 mile wide  Path of 6 miles SW to NW

Tornado Hazards

 Wind Speed up to 300 mph  (480 km/h) Strong updraft in the funnel  Explosions due to pressure contrast

      F

ujita Pearson Tornado Scale

F-0: 40-72 mph, chimney damage, tree branches broken F-1: 73-112 mph, mobile homes pushed off foundation or overturned F-2: 113-157 mph, considerable damage, mobile homes demolished, trees uprooted F-3: 158-205 mph, roofs and walls torn down, trains overturned, cars thrown F-4: 207-260 mph, well-constructed walls leveled F-5: 261-318 mph, homes lifted off foundation and carried considerable distances, autos thrown as far as 100 meters  Destroyed in Seconds- Monster Tornado - YouTube

Crazy visuals

      Tornadoes from Below and Above - YouTube F5 Tornado in Elie, Manitoba on June 22nd, 2007 - YouTube YouTube - F5 Tornado in Elie, MB Devastates Part of Town & F3 Tornado in Oakville, MB Tornado at soccer game! - /football – YouTube http://past.theweathernetwork.com/news/storm _watch_stories3&stormfile=Edmonton_tornado_ remembered_29_07_2012 The Wizard of Oz: Cyclone Clip - YouTube

Waterspouts        Generally, waterspouts are given the honor of being called a "tornado over water". But waterspouts are not truly given the name of a real tornado until they reach land.

The Two Types of Waterspouts

Water spouts can start as tornadoes over land. If they move over a body of water, they are classified as humidity. watches very seriously tornadic Fair weather waterspouts . This type of waterspout can be fairly destructive. The second type of waterspout is formed over water initially due to warm temperatures in the lower atmosphere along with high are generally not as dangerous and are more common than tornadic waterspouts. However, boaters and people who live near larger bodies of water should take waterspout warnings and What are Waterspouts?

Amazing waterspout 'tornado' caught on camera off Australia – YouTube Huge Water spout/Tornado on the water – YouTube Twin Water Spouts Caught On Video - YouTube