Transcript SKILLS Project

SKILLS Project
Naming and Building Binary
Covalent Compounds
What are Binary Covalent
Compounds?
• A binary covalent compound is
made of two different non-metals
sharing a covalent bond.
• Covalent and Ionic nomenclature
are very different. You cannot use
covalent naming on substances
containing a METAL.
Covalent Names
• Unlike ionics and polyatomics, covalent
compounds do NOT receive their names
based on charges.
• The reason for this is simple- covalent
compounds share rather than steal
electrons from one another. In other
words, no real charges are produced.
• Instead, prefixes are used to indicate the
number of each element in the
compound.
List of Covalent Prefixes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
MonoDiTri
TetraPentaHexaHeptaOctaNonaDeca-
Naming Covalent Compounds
• We do not modify the first atom’s
name unless there is MORE than
one.
– Ex. CO is “carbon monoxide” not
“monocarbon monoxide”
• The second atom, on the other
hand, must always have an amount
specified and will end in –ide (as
we did with ionic naming.)
– Ex. CO2 is “carbon dioxide”
Working with “–ide”
• Remember, any non-polyatomic
receives an –ide at the end of their
name:
H, Hydride
N, Nitride
S, Sulfide
C, Carbide
O, Oxide
Cl, Chloride
Si, Silicide
F, Fluoride
As, Arsenide
Br, Bromide
B, Boride
Te, Telluride
P, Phosphide
I, Iodide
Se, Selenide
Note!
• Many polyatomic compounds are
covalently-bonded, however, they have
unique names.
• In other words, the naming system for
neutral covalent compounds cannot be
used for charged covalent compounds,
such as polyatomics.
– NH41+ is ammonium ion (polyatomic)
– NH4 would be nitrogen tetrahydride (neutral)
Example 1: P3O8
P3
Tri- phosphorous
O8
Octa- oxide
Name the prefix first, followed by the full
modified
(-ide)
name
of
the
second
name
of
the
first
element.
Remember,
Triphosphorous
octoxide
element.
“mono” is never used on the first
element.
Example 2: C4H10
C4
Tetra- carbon
H10
Deca- hydride
Name the prefix first, followed by the full
modified
(-ide)
name
of
the
second
name
of
the
first
element.
Remember,
Tetracarbon
decahydride
element.
“mono” is never used on the first
element.
Example 3: C2O4
C2
Di- carbon
O4
Tetra- oxide
Name the prefix first, followed by the full
modified
(-ide)
name
of
the
second
name
of
the
first
element.
Remember,
Dicarbon
tetroxide
element.
“mono” is never used on the first
element.
Example 4: S4Cl6
S4
Tetra- sulfur
Cl6
Hexa- chloride
Name the prefix first, followed by the full
modified
(-ide)
name
of
the
second
name
of
the
first
element.
Remember,
Tetrasulfur
hexachloride
element.
“mono” is never used on the first
element.
Example 5: PF5
P
F5
Mono- phosphorous
Penta- fluoride
Name the prefix first, followed by the full
modified
(-ide)
name
of theRemember,
second
name of the
first
element.
Phosphorous
pentafluoride
element.
“mono” is never used on the first
element.
Example 6: ArF2
Ar
Mono- argon
F2
Di- fluoride
Name the prefix first, followed by the full
modified
(-ide)
name
of
the
second
name
of
the
first
element.
Remember,
Argon
difluoride
element.
“mono” is never used on the first
element.
Example 7: N2O4
N2
Di- nitrogen
O4
Tetra- oxide
Name the prefix first, followed by the full
modified
(-ide)
name
of
the
second
name
of
the
first
element.
Remember,
Dinitrogen
tetroxide
element.
“mono” is never used on the first
element.
Example 8: Se4I6
Se4
I6
Tetra- selenium
Hexa- iodide
Name the prefix first, followed by the full
modified
(-ide)
name
of
the
second
name
of
the
first
element.
Remember,
Tetraselenium
hexaiodide
element.
“mono” is never used on the first
element.
Example 9: ICl7
I
Cl7
Mono- iodine
Hepta- chloride
Name the prefix first, followed by the full
modified
(-ide)
name
of
the
second
name
of
the
first
element.
Remember,
Iodine
heptachloride
element.
“mono” is never used on the first
element.
Example 10: Si2O3
Si2
O3
Di- silicone
Tri- oxide
Name the prefix first, followed by the full
modified
(-ide)
name
of
the
second
name
of
the
first
element.
Remember,
Disilicone
trioxide
element.
“mono” is never used on the first
element.
Example 11: Oxygen dichloride
(Mono) Oxygen
Di- chloride
O
Cl2
Repeat this same step for the second
Use the first name of this compound to
compound. Remember that “-ide” was
identify and determine the quantity of
added when the compound was given a
the first element. No prefix implies only
name and is not part of the element’s
one, essentially “mono.”
usual name.
OCl2
Example 12: Dihydrogen monoxide
Di- hydrogen
H2
Mon- oxide
O
Repeat this same step for the second
Use the first name of this compound to
compound. Remember that “-ide” was
identify and determine the quantity of
added when the compound was given a
the first element. No prefix implies only
name and is not part of the element’s
one, essentially “mono.”
usual name.
H2O
Example 13: Tetracarbon decahydride
Tetra- carbon
C4
Deca- hydride
H10
Repeat this same step for the second
Use the first name of this compound to
compound. Remember that “-ide” was
identify and determine the quantity of
added when the compound was given a
the first element. No prefix implies only
name and is not part of the element’s
one, essentially “mono.”
usual name.
C4H10
Example 14: Carbon disulfide
(Mono) Carbon
C
Di- Sulfide
S2
Repeat this same step for the second
Use the first name of this compound to
compound. Remember that “-ide” was
identify and determine the quantity of
added when the compound was given a
the first element. No prefix implies only
name and is not part of the element’s
one, essentially “mono.”
usual name.
CS2
Example 15: Dinitrogen nonahydride
Di- nitrogen
N2
Nona- hydride
H9
Repeat this same step for the second
Use the first name of this compound to
compound. Remember that “-ide” was
identify and determine the quantity of
added when the compound was given a
the first element. No prefix implies only
name and is not part of the element’s
one, essentially “mono.”
usual name.
N2H9
Example 16: Selenium hexabromide
(Mono) Selenium
Se
Hexa- bromide
Br6
Repeat this same step for the second
Use the first name of this compound to
compound. Remember that “-ide” was
identify and determine the quantity of
added when the compound was given a
the first element. No prefix implies only
name and is not part of the element’s
one, essentially “mono.”
usual name.
SeBr6
Example 17: Tricarbon hexaphosphide
Tri- carbon
C3
Hexa- phosphide
P6
Repeat this same step for the second
Use the first name of this compound to
compound. Remember that “-ide” was
identify and determine the quantity of
added when the compound was given a
the first element. No prefix implies only
name and is not part of the element’s
one, essentially “mono.”
usual name.
C3P6
Example 18: Arsenic pentaiodide
(Mono) Arsenic
Penta- Iodide
As
I5
Repeat this same step for the second
Use the first name of this compound to
compound. Remember that “-ide” was
identify and determine the quantity of
added when the compound was given a
the first element. No prefix implies only
name and is not part of the element’s
one, essentially “mono.”
usual name.
AsI5
Example 19: Tetracarbon heptasilicide
Tetra- carbon
C4
Hepta- silicide
Si7
Repeat this same step for the second
Use the first name of this compound to
compound. Remember that “-ide” was
identify and determine the quantity of
added when the compound was given a
the first element. No prefix implies only
name and is not part of the element’s
one, essentially “mono.”
usual name.
C4Si7
Example 20: Iodine heptachloride
(Mono) Iodine
Hepta- chloride
I
Cl7
Repeat this same step for the second
Use the first name of this compound to
compound. Remember that “-ide” was
identify and determine the quantity of
added when the compound was given a
the first element. No prefix implies only
name and is not part of the element’s
one, essentially “mono.”
usual name.
ICl7
FORMULAS  NAMES
Practice on your own:
1. C9O4 – Nonacarbon tetroxide
2. OF2 – Oxygen difluoride
3. Cl2O3 – Dichlorine trioxide
4. CO3 – Carbon trioxide
5. PF5 – Phosphorous pentafluoride
6. N2S2 – Dinitrogen disulfide
7. C2H2 – Dicarbon dihydride
8. CBr4 – Carbon tetrabromide
9. As2Si5 – Diarsenic pentasilicide
10. P7S10 – Heptaphosphorous decasulfide
NAMES  FORMULAS
Practice on your own:
1. Carbon monoxide – CO
2. Tetrasulfur pentaiodide – S4I5
3. Triselenium decatelluride – Se3Te10
4. Diarsenic monofluoride – As2F
5. Heptasilicon diboride – Si7B2
6. Nitrogen hexaselenide – NSe6
7. Carbon tetrachloride – CCl4
8. Krypton monofluoride – KrF
9. Heptaphosphorous octoxide- P7O8
10. Triselenium pentanitride - Se3N5
Congratulations!
• You may name and use binary covalent
compounds!
• Remember, many covalent compounds
have different names than those used
here, especially the charged
polyatomics.
• Over the course of the year, you will be
introduced to the “common” names used
for many of the compounds shown here.
For example: nitrogen trihydride, NH3, is
most commonly known as “ammonia.”