Transcript State of The Art of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Recent Developments in
International Remote
Sensing and GIS Markets
John Trinder
Emeritus Professor
School of Surveying and SIS
UNSW
Sydney, Australia
1st Vice President and former President, ISPRS
Summary
 Remote sensing
 Sensor developments
 Types of sensors
 Plans for new satellites
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GEO-GEOSS
GIS developments
Web 2.0
Interoperability
Sensors
High resolution optical sensors
 <10m pixel size, panchromatic and multispectral
 ‘Agile’ sensors with flexible pointing
 Stereo capability providing Digital Elevation Models
Small optical sensors
 Emphasis on multispectral
 Serving national requirements
 Use of constellations provides frequent revisit
Microwave (Radar) sensors
 All weather capability
 Improving resolution
 Interferometry - measuring small height displacements
Plans for New Satellite Systems
(ASPRS 2005)
 Civil land imaging satellites with resolutions
≤36m in orbit or currently planned by 2010.
 Optical, 26 in orbit, 25 planned
 Radar, 3 in orbit, 9 planned
 Two major resolution groups
 18 high resolution systems (0.4m to 1.8m)
 44 mid resolution systems (2.0m to 36m)
 Have greatly different coverage capabilities.
 Hi-res swaths are in the 8km to 28km range
 Mid-res swaths are generally between 70km to 185km
except for the DMC’s 600km swaths
Plans for New Satellite Systems
(ASPRS 2005)
Privately funded systems now in orbit
with resolutions down to 0.4m
 Serves hi-res military market and civilian
market - “Dual Purpose”
Radar will have significant applications
for multi-polarization, multi-frequency
and fusion with other data sources
 Radar interferometry
Small satellites
 Small satellites are characterised by:
 Rapid development scales for experimental missions
 Start to launch schedules ranging from just 6 to 36
months.
 Leading-edge COTS technology
 Innovative solutions and cheaper alternatives to the
established systems.
 Lighter satellite systems designed inside smaller
volumes.
 Overall costs and ambitions to be space nations
are driving developments of small satellites
Market Trends in Remote Sensing
 Multitude of data
 Cost/benefit of space applications rarely
undertaken
 Many countries entering the space industry
for Earth Observation (EO)
 Viability of space programs of limited
concern to many governments
 No commercial satellite has been financially
independent of government
 RapidEye an interesting development
Group on Earth Observation (GEO)
 GEO
 GEOSS (Global Earth Observation Systems of
Systems)
Group on Earth Observation (GEO)
Group on Earth Observations (GEO) established by
the first Earth Observation Summit in July 2003
which declared the need for:
“….timely, quality, long-term, global
information as a basis for sound
decision making”.
Aims of GEOSS
(Global Earth Observation Systems of
Systems)
 Sustainable operations - Will capture the success of
Earth observation research programs
 Activities over full range of processing cycle - primary
observation to information production
 Co-ordinated development to reduce the multiplicity of
satellites
 Shared observations and products
 Products are accessible, comparable, and
understandable, by supporting common standards
 Encompass all areas of the world - in situ, airborne, and
space-based observations.
 Primarily focused on issues of regional and global scale
GIS
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Trends in GIS
Web 2.0 and GIS
Open Source
Open Geospatial Consortium
Trends in GIS
 Web-based GIS services and applications
have been substantially increased and
enhanced in:
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access and dissemination,
exploration and visualization,
processing, analysis and modelling,
collaborative spatial decision support
 Integration of web-based GIServices in
mainstream/enterprise computing
 Moved into mainstream computing arena
 GIS users can be anywhere, location of
data invisible to user
Trends in GIS
 Growth said to be approaching 10% pa
 More applications, flexibility, incorporating
image and non-image sensors
 Matching of Location Intelligence with
Business intelligence - MapInfo
 Software continuing to grow but marked to
2 major players - MapInfo and ESRI
 GEO-sensors - for habitat monitoring and
EO systems
 Wireline and wireless technologies have
bound the virtual and physical worlds closer
than ever
Web 2.0
 Web 2.0 is a set of principles and practices
that tie together sites all over the world.
 Not a platform or a set of tools
 It is a set of links with a specialized
database behind it – examples are Google
and Wikepedia
 The software never needs to be distributed
- only to perform
 Links and software provide access to the
information anywhere in the world
Web 2.0 and GIS
 Allows access and searching of spatial data
over the Web –
 individuals can participate
 ‘crowd-sourcing’ of data
 KML – (XML based language) - developed for
Google Earth - ‘pdf of Earth browsing’
 describes 3D geospatial data and its display in
application programs
 Microsoft Virtual Earth aims at similar functionality
 Google Mapplets – Mini application that runs in
Google Maps
 ‘Mashup’ - a web application that combines
data from more than one source into a single
integrated tool
Open Source
 OS Foundation - www.OSGeo.org
 Created to support and build the highestquality open source geospatial software.
 MapServer OS is 2nd biggest map server
with 50k seats
 Developed originally by University of Minnesota
 Permits creation of "geographic image maps“ maps that can direct users to content
 Supported by developers around the world
 Advanced cartographic output, scripting, across
platforms, multiple formats and projections
Standards - OGC
 Open Geospatial Consortium
 OGC working on its Web Services
Specifications for an interoperable,
multi-source decision support
environment
 The Open Geospatial Consortium’s
Web Map Service (WMS)
Implementation Specification
approved as ISO Standard.
Conclusions
 Growing number of sensors
 GEO AND GEOSS are planned to
coordinate satellite developments for
EO for the next 10 years
 New technologies such as Web 2.0
are rapidly changing the way GIS is
available to users
 Such developments will continue to
advance the applications of GIS