Transcript The geo-political and economic impact of the treaties on

The establishment of the
mandate system
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12% of Germany’s population.
GONE!
13% of Germany’s territory.
GONE!
48 % of Germany’s iron ore.
GONE!
15% of agricultural production.
GONE!
16% of coal.
GONE!
Alsace and Lorraine
GONE!
Polish Corridor created to give Poland access
to the sea. – Danzig now a ‘free city’ under
the protection of the League of Nations
German ‘empire’ punished – reduced in size
and power
New government:
WEIMAR REPUBLIC.
The stab in the back theory. Published in
1924.
What is the message of this illustration?
BUT WAS GERMANY WEAKENED BY THE TREATY?
Yes/No?
Answer: Not completely.
Why?
The collapse of the Russian Empire, the Ottoman
and the Austro-Hungarian empire and the
establishment of new smaller and weaker nations
to the east of Germany, meant that once Germany
recovered she actually would be stronger than
before the war!
Western Europe remained the same!
The West of Germany was:
France
Belgium
Luxembourg
Holland
The East and South of Germany:
New states:
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Austria
Hungary
Yugoslavia
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Finland
Eastern Europe – not politically stable
WHY?
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New sources of conflict – due to ethnic and cultural
differences within the countries – e.g. Northern
Czechoslovakia – region called the Sudetenland
large population of ethnic Germans
Economically weak – new nation states
Where was the principle of self-determination?
Millions of Germans were in the Polish corridor!
Some conflicts solved by plebiscites – others led to
conflicts in the inter-war years.
New nation states had the following challenges.
 Political systems not fully developed to embrace
democracy that best represented the new states –
they lacked tradition and experience
 Racial tensions emerged in the political processes
 Under developed industries
 Inefficient agricultural systems
 Trade barriers
 Living standards poor
 People were disappointed with the results of the
treaties
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World War One left a burden on European
economies
Shortages of food, and raw materials, debt,
inflation
The new borders made it not only difficult to
accommodate the different aspirations of the
ethnic groups but also to fairly distribute the
natural resources
Each new successor state had their own
currencies, and established trade barriers
Bolshevik Russia was isolated
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The changes imposed by the new geo-political treaties
meant that countries sought treaties and alliances to
protect their interests
Little Entente 1920 - 1921
Purpose:
To protect their borders
From Hungary and
Italy.
France thought it was a
great idea! Why?
HINT: Would the ‘Little Entente’
1)
keep France protected from future
German expansion?
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The changes imposed by the new geopolitical treaties meant that countries sought
treaties and alliances to protect their interests
Treaty of Rapallo 1922
Purpose: Between the USSR and Germany
Financial co-operation
Secret military agreements – Germany could
test its military equipment on Russian Territory
Both denied membership of the League of
Nations
2)
What is the message of the cartoon?
Poincare, seen
pushing a German
into the hands of
“Bolshevism”
‘Into the arms of the
enemy’ by David Low
1923. Published in a
British Newspaper.
Woodrow Wilson was insistent that his
Fourteen Points be adhered to and that not
former German or Turkish colony or
possession should be annexed by another
country.
The colonies should be administered under the
direction of the League of Nations
Three categories of Mandates were created.
Category
 Most developed states – Syria, Mesopotamia,
Palestine, Lebanon and Transjordan = former
Ottoman States
 States were to be administered by either
Britain or France
 These states would be ready for
independence in the very near future
Category
 Less advanced
states – no
immediate
plans for
independence
 German colonies
in Africa –
divided
between Belgium,
Britain and France
Category
 Thinly populated economically under
developed, isolated
 Handed directly to the nations that had
conquered them e.g. New Guinea = Australia
What did the countries who administered these
former colonies have to do?
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2.
Report to the League every year
Mandates Commission – had limited powers
Disappointment due to;
a) Sykes – Picot Agreement 1916
Between France and Britain to divide the Ottoman possessions
between them
b) Minimal impact on the people – treated in the same way
c) Arabs angry that the independence that they were promised was
not forthcoming
d) Balfour Declaration = British support of Jews in Palestine =
Controversial
A summary of the main points! Read!
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http://ibguides.com/history/notes/thegeopolitical-and-economic-impact-of-thetreaties-on-europe-the-establishment-andimpact-of-the-mandate-system
A positive impact/development that occurred with
the introduction of the Mandate system is that:
For the first time the victorious nations did not
simply annex the territories for themselves. NOW,
the League of Nations would hold former imperial
powers (like Britain and France) accountable - the
League of Nations would supervise to ensure the
rights of the people were being respected.
FYI…How did Japan do in China??
What was the purpose of the Mandate System?
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Ensure that slavery did not occur in these
territories
An open door for trade
Not to exploit the people or their resources
A vehicle to educate and improve conditions
To assist and develop progress towards
being independent democratic states