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Evaporative Emission Standards for Boats

Presented By:

John McKnight Director of Environmental & Safety Compliance December 2008

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Outline

• Overview of new program • Evaporative emission types • New Standards • Program details • Small businesses • Certification • Questions

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Final Rule

• On September 4, 2008, EPA Administrator Steve Johnson signed, into law, new exhaust and evaporative emission standards for spark-ignition marine engines and vessels.

• These standards apply only to new engines and vessels sold for use in the United States.

• The standards will help reduce harmful health effects of ozone and carbon monoxide from these products.

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Final Standards: Overview

• HC+NOx exhaust emission standards for SI marine engines are similar in stringency to existing standards in California • New CO exhaust emission standards for all SI marine engines • • New Not-to-Exceed provisions

New evaporative emission standards

Refueling/spillage Venting emissions (diurnal, hot soak, running loss)

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Permeation (fuel tank, hoses, other)

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Highway Evap Standards

Three decades of automotive evaporative emission control (full vehicle test/standards) Nonroad equipment are just now becoming subject to evaporative emission control

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Existing Nonroad Standards

• Component based standards – Fuel and tank permeation – Component test for diurnal control – Design-based certification • Existing standards – Large SI equipment (2007) – Recreational vehicles (2008) – Portable gas cans (2009)

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New Standards

SI Marine • Portable tanks – Tank permeation – Self-sealing vent • Vessels – Hose and tank permeation – Diurnal emissions – Refueling spillage Small SI as well – Hose and tank permeation – Running loss

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Marine Evap Standards

Standard/ Category Standard level Portable tanks PWC Other tanks Hose Permeation 15 g/m 2 2009 2009 2009 /day a a Tank Permeation 1.5 g/m 2 2011 2011 2012 /day Diurnal 0.40 g/gal/day 2010 b 2010 2011 c,d

a 2011 for primer bulbs. Phase-in for under cowl fuel lines, by length, on OB engines: 30% 2010, 60% 2011, 90% 2012, 100% 2015.

b Design standard.

c Fuel tanks installed in nontrailerable boats (> 26 ft. in length or >8.5 ft. in width) may meet a standard of 0.16 g/gal/day over an alternative test cycle.

d The standard is effective July 31, 2011. For boats with installed fuel tanks, this standard is phased-in 50%/100% over the first two years. As an alternative, small manufacturers may participate in a diurnal allowance program.

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Program Details

Hose Permeation Certification Tank Permeation Small Business Provisions Diurnal Refueling Spillage

Fuel Line Permeation

• Fuel line – 15 g/m 2 /day, 2009 • Fuel CE10, 23°C – Boat and engine hose • Phase-in for under cowl fuel line – Primer bulbs, 2011 • Vent and fill lines – Standards do not apply unless hose will hold standing fuel 11 • Fuel line manufacturers will certify

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Technical Approaches

• Straight-run hose – Low permeation hose widely available – Fluoroelastomer/fluoroplastic barriers – SAE J1527 includes specification for 15 g/m 2 /day hose • Molded hose and other rubber components – Fluoroelastomer construction – Alternative primer bulb products cover rubber barrier layer reinforcement

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Fuel Tank Permeation

• 1.5 g/m 2 /day – E10 fuel, 28°C – Preconditioning • Fuel soak • Durability testing • Design-based certification – Metal tanks – Automotive type multi-layer tanks • Tank manufacturer will certify

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Technical Approaches

• Multi-layer constructions • Alternative materials • Barrier treatments • Barrier platelets • Coatings • Nanocomposites

Diurnal Standards

• Portable fuel tanks – Self-sealing valve • Installed tanks – Trailerable boats (<26 ft) • 0.40 g/gal/day • 25.6-32.2°C – Nontrailerable boats • 0.16 g/gal/day • 27.6-30.2°C 15 • Tank manufacturer will certify 33.0

32.0

31.0

30.0

29.0

28.0

27.0

26.0

25.0

0 <26 ft 26 ft + 4 8 12

Hours

16 20 24

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Technical Approaches

• Design-based certification – Seal tank (up to 1.0 psi) • Can use pressure mitigation (e.g. bladder) – Passive-purge carbon canister • Prevent fuel from entering canister • Carbon and canister specifications

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Examples of Carbon Canisters

Refueling

• Fuel nozzle standards – Marinas must use standard nozzles whenever they replace existing nozzles or install new ones – Same to those already used for motor vehicle pumps • Standardized dimensions • Automatic shut-off 18 • System integration – Fuel systems should be designed to allow flow to nozzle for automatic shut-off – Will help with carbon canister installation designs and reduce spillage

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System Integration

• Industry consensus standards – SAE J1527 addresses hose permeation – ABYC H24 potential vehicle for specifying best practices for fuel system designs – NMMA certification • Canister installation standards – Industry is developing canister installation practices in context of EPA & USCG standards – ABYC is assessing fuel/air separators and fuel system designs for spillage control

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Potential Canister Installation

Vent line Vapor space (for fuel expansion) Valve or orifice Fill neck Canister Fuel tank

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XYZ BOAT COMPANY

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How to Download the Rule 1.

Go to http://www.epa.gov/otaq/marinesi.htm

2.

Under “Regulations and Guidance,” click on Final Rule.

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How to Download the Rule 3.

The Final Rule will be a PDF document.

4.

Go to Federal Register page

59298

, which is actually page

266

in the document.

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Other Resources

[email protected]

or 202-737-9757 Three communication programs in late January 2009 – Engine Workshop – Component Manufacturer Workshop – Web based workshop for boat builders