WMO Training Workshop on Integrated Flood Management for countries in Western Asia and the Arab region

11-14 May 2009, Esteghlal Hotel, Tehran, Iran

Integrated Flood Management As a Development Policy

AVINASH TYAGI Director, Climate and Water WMO: Climate and Water Department

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www.apfm.info

Sustainable Development

Development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”



In the flood management context mainly on the viability of floodplain use in the long term

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Integrated Flood Management

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Flood Management in the context of Integrated Water Resources Management, aiming at:

– Sustainable development : balancing development needs and flood risks – Maximizing net benefits from floodplains: ensure livelihood security and poverty alleviation thereby addressing vulnerability – Minimizing loss of life: in particular through end-to-end FF&W Systems and preparedness planning for extreme events – Environmental preservation : ecosystem health & services 3

Integrated Flood Management

Integrated Flood Management (IFM) refers to the integration of land and water management in a river basin using a combination of measures that focus on coping with floods within a framework of IWRM and adopting risk management principles while recognizing that floods have beneficial impacts and can never be fully controlled.

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Characteristics of IFM

Recognition that a river basin is a dynamic system with many interactions/fluxes between land and water bodies

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Characteristics of IFM

Linkages between upstream changes and downstream effects and vice-versa Land use plans and water management to be combined in synthesized plan through co-ordination between land management and water management authorities

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What is flood risk?

• •

Probability x Consequence Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability

•

Example floods:

–

Hazard: probability of a particular discharge or water level at a particular place

–

Exposure: Land and assets in the inundation area of that flood

–

Vulnerability: ability/disability of the people or assets to withstand, cope with or recover from the negative effects of that flood

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Measures for Risk Reduction

    

Reduce hazard Retaining water where it falls (increasing infiltration, rooftop storing) Retention basins (natural wet lands or depressions, man made e.g., school play grounds, household underground tanks Dams and reservoirs Diversion channel Land use management (e.g., house building codes in urban areas, infrastructure building practices, appropriate landscape planning)

   

Reduce Exposure Structural measures on the river (Dykes, river training work such as channelization, flood walls, raised infrastructures such as roads and railways) Structural and non-structural measures/actions by individual (flood proofing) Land regulation Flood emergency measures (flood warning and evacuation)

  

Reduce Vulnerability Physical: by improving the infrastructure, well-being, occupational opportunities and living environment Constitutional: by facilitating equal participation opportunities, education and awareness, providing adequate skills and social support system Motivational: by building awareness and facilitating self organisation

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IFM: Principles Risk Management

• • • •

Mitigation and Preparedness Response Recovery and rehabilitation Residual risks

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IFM: Principles

Risk Management

Water Cycle as a whole

– – –

Flood and drought management Effective use of flood waters Ground water and surface water interaction in flood plains

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IFM: Principles

Risk Management Water Cycle as a whole

Multi-hazard approach

– – – –

Particularly within a basin where there is interaction between various hazard development mechanisms Cross-sectoral integration of disaster management strategies Disaster risk assessment Early warning and forecasts

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IFM: Principles

Risk Management Water Cycle as a whole Multi-hazard approach

River basin as a planning unit

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IFM: Principles

Risk Management Water Cycle as a whole Multi-hazard approach River basin as a planning unit

Inter-disciplinary

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IFM: Principles

Risk Management Water Cycle as a whole Multi-hazard approach River basin as a planning unit Inter-disciplinary

Stakeholders participation

1 DM Unsurprised Apathetic

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IFM: Adaptive Management

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Requirements of IFM

Clear and objective policies

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Comprehensive assessment and understanding of development opportunities and flood risks;

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Multi-sectoral approach to reach the objectives;

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Appropriate legislation and regulations; and

•

Innovative economic instruments.

with a multidisciplinary approach

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Appropriate Institutional structures for proper coordination and linkages;

– –

Enabling participatory processes; and Information management and exchange mechanisms.

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National Development Policy

• • • • •

Natural resources management (including water resources for domestic, agriculture, fishery, and industry Land use management (agriculture, industry, dwelling, urban development, etc) Environmental management (conservation and modification) Risk management policies, and Social development issues (living conditions, level of poverty, equity and fairness principles)

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National Flood Management Policy: The vision

• •

Why flood management needs to be improved; How risks due to floods are to be mitigated while making use of floodplains; and

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When specific goals would be achieved.

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National Flood Management Policy

• • • • • • •

What role do the flood plains play in the economy of the country/region?

What issues in National development vision/policy have relevance to the condition of floods or flooding and its management? How flood management can contribute to the national development?

How flood risks can be appropriately factored in national development planning?

How national development vision/policy should be aligned to the existing and future flood risks? How flood risks are shared between federal, state, and local governments on one hand and the individual on the other?

What role do the different institutions play in flood management?

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Urban Flood Management

Integrated with River Flood Management

Principales

Risk Management Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems SPATIAL PLANNING

Plans

IWRM Plans LAND USE PLANNING Basin Flood Management Plans Storm Water Management Plans

Concepts

Integrated Flood Management Coastal Zone Management Total Water Cycle Management

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Flood Management Planning Process

National development vision/policy National flood management vision/policy Basin flood management vision and policy Flood risk assessment Setting target for basin flood management plan

Beneficial and negative impacts of flooding Role of flooding in social, economic condition Land use

Survey and Analysis

Hydrological, meteorological, geomorphologic data, environmental data Social and economical data ↓ Hydro meteorological analysis Hydraulic analysis Damage analysis Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Social Impact Assessment Economic analysis

Identification and selection of options to reduce flood risks Basin Flood Management Plan

Monitoring

Project implementation plan

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Global warming

…….will hit through water

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Through climate change and the effects of e.g… - changes in the hydrological cycle and water balance - sea level rise - increased water temperatures

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Through increased climate variability in the form of more serious and frequent extremes, such as floods and droughts

Source:TJK 22

Extreme Weather and Climate Events

in IPCC AR4

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Hazards

– – –

Floods Droughts Flow regime changes

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Vulnerability of coastal deltas

(IPCC 2007)

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Policy Robustness Indicators

Affected parameters in relation to water

Snow cover storage, seasonality of flows Evapotranspiration, Freshwater availability Evapotranspiration freshwater & coolingwater availability Streamflow, flood frequency, sediment transport, slope stability Freshwater availability Stormsurge frequency

IFM Policy Principles conducive to sustainable adaptation policies

-Balanced outlook on technical storage options including linkages to energy production and greenhouse gas emmissions - Combined flood and drought management plans, IWRM as framing concept - Food security and livelihood focus - Managing all floods (smaller and extremes, riverine and coastal) - Flood Risk Management and multihazard outlook - Productive use of flood waters - Best mix of structural and non-structural options -Participatory and river basin approach 26

World Climate Conference-3

Better climate information for a better future Geneva, Switzerland 31 August–4 September 2009 Towards a Global Framework for Climate Information

THANK YOU

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Basin Planning Flood Proofing and Building Codes

Flood Hazard Mapping 28