Transcript World Meteorological Organization Working together in

WMO
Training Workshop on Integrated Flood Management
for countries in Western Asia and the Arab region
11-14 May 2009, Esteghlal Hotel, Tehran, Iran
Floods and the Development:
Towards Integrated Flood Management
AVINASH TYAGI
Director, Climate and Water
WMO: Climate and Water Department
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Settling on floodplains poses great risks
www.gaestehaus-loreley.de
SPIEGEL ONLINE 2004
and at the same time has enormous advantages
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Flood losses increase, but…
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Developing Countries are Hit the Hardest
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Development Stages in Flood Management
Non-structural
IWRM
Structural
Community Participation
Legal Aspects
1000
100 70 50
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- time
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Shortcomings of past FM Practices
–Ad-hoc and stand alone
–Reactive rather than proactive
–Wrongly defined objective
–Emphasis on structural measures
–Monodisciplinary
–Lessons from past failure not learnt
Flood policy is a neglected water policy issue on the
international as well as, in many cases, the national level
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Why Integrated Flood Management
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Sustainable Development
Development that "meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own
needs.”
 In the flood management context mainly on the
viability of floodplain use in the long term
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Challenges of Flood Management
Population increase
Securing livelihoods
Ecosystem Conservation
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Challenges of Flood Management
Climate Variability and Change
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Absolute safety from flooding is a myth
cumulus.geol.iastate.edu/
Changes in the decision
making processes
(Community Participation)
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Integrated Flood Management
 Flood Management in the context of Integrated Water
Resources Management, aiming at:
– Sustainable development: balancing development needs and flood
risks
– Maximizing net benefits from floodplains: ensure livelihood security
and poverty alleviation thereby addressing vulnerability
– Minimizing loss of life: in particular through end-to-end FF&W
Systems and preparedness planning for extreme events
– Environmental preservation: ecosystem health & services
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Integrated Flood Management
Integrated Flood Management (IFM) refers to the
integration of land and water management in a river
basin using a combination of measures that focus on
coping with floods within a framework of IWRM and
adopting risk management principles while
recognizing that floods have beneficial impacts and
can never be fully controlled.
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Integrated Flood Management:
Maximizing net benefits from floodplains
“In the case of floods, the appropriate economic
objective is thus to maximize the efficiency of use of the
catchment and not to minimize flood losses. It can be
easily shown that efficient flood management policy can be
accompanied by a rise in both flood losses and the cost of
flood management.”
• In developing countries with primarily agricultural
economies, food security is synonymous of livelihood
security.
• In developed economies as the flood plains have been
exploited, the emphasis is on risk reduction
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IFM:
Integrates……?
– Land and Water Management
– Upstream and Downstream
– Structural and Non-structural
– Short term and Long-term
– Local and basin level measures
– Top down and Bottom up decision making
– Development needs with ecologic and economic concerns
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IFM:
Towards a sustainable development
– Integrates and mixes strategies
• Structural, Non-structural and Living with Floods
• Short-term and Long-term
• Local and basin level measures
– Balances development needs and environmental concerns
– Addresses all aspects of Flood Management
•
•
•
•
•
Scientific and Engineering
Social Aspects
Environmental Aspects
Economic Aspects
Legal and Institutional Aspects
– Adaptive Management
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What is risk?
• Probability x Consequence
• Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability
• Example floods:
– Hazard: probability of a particular discharge or
water level at a particular place
– Exposure: Land and assets in the inundation area
of that flood
– Vulnerability: ability/disability of the people or
assets to withstand, cope with or recover from the
negative effects of that flood
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How vulnerability and flood risk
Changes in socioeconomic systems
Land-use change, increasing
exposure and damage potential –
floodplain development, growing
wealth in flood-prone areas
Changes in
terrestrial systems
Land-cover change - urbanization,
deforestation, elimination of wetlands
and floodplains, river regulation
Changes in climate Holding capacity of the
atmosphere, intense precipitation,
and atmospheric
seasonality, circulation patterns
system
Source: Kundzewicz & Schellnhuber, 2004
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Framework for Risk Management
Governance and
Organizational Coordination and
Cooperation
Risk Identification
and Assessment
Historical hazard data,
analysis and changing
hazard trends
Exposed assets &
vulnerability
Risk Reduction
(Prevention & Mitigation)
Sectoral planning
Early warning systems
Emergency preparedness
& planning
Risk Transfer
Catastrophe
insurance/
bond
markets
Alternative
risk transfer
Risk quantification
Information and Knowledge Sharing
Education and training
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Requirements of IFM
Clear and objective policies
• Comprehensive assessment and understanding of development
opportunities and flood risks;
• Multi-sectoral approach to reach the objectives;
• Appropriate legislation and regulations; and
• Innovative economic instruments.
with a multidisciplinary approach
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–
–
Appropriate Institutional structures for proper
coordination and linkages;
Enabling participatory processes; and
Information management and exchange
mechanisms.
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Integrated Flood Management:
Objectives
–Sustainable development: balancing development
needs and flood risks
–Maximizing net benefits: ensure livelihood security,
poverty alleviation and managing vulnerability
–Minimizing loss of life
–Environmental preservation
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