Transcript Slide 1

Chapter 21 Heian-kyo
The Heart of Japan’s Golden
Age
Agenda
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Hand back tests
Introduce New Unit
Key Vocabulary
Reading Chapter 21
– Taking Notes: 2/3 Key Points
• HW: Finish Reading and Note Taking
Key Vocabulary
 Heian Period – Period of Japanese history that lasted from 794 to 1185 CE. During this period,
they experienced a Golden Age.
 Corruption – dishonest or illegal practice, especially involving money.
 Heian-kyo (kyo means city) - New capital of Japan in 794 CE by Emperor Kammu. Located
near Yoda River. It was the 2nd site after the building of capital city at Nagaoko was stopped.
Easier to defend and lovelier than Nagaoko.
 Fujiwara Family – Most important noble family in Japan. Never were actual rulers. Fujiwara
Michinaga
 Courtier – A member of a ruler’s court.
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Kemari – Game played by courtiers. Involved kicking a leather ball back and forth in the air for as
long as possible. Wore elegant robes.
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Rango – Popular board game played by women. Involved balancing stones on one finger
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Bugaku – Combined dance with music and drama. Mask worn.
 Yamato-e – Japanese painting.
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Imagery – descriptive or imaginative language, especially when used to inspire mental “picture.”
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Katakana – Form of Kana. A more formal alphabet, mostly used by men.
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Hiragama – Form of Kana. Easier and faster alphabet, mostly used by women.
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Tale of Genji – Might be the world’s first novel, a masterpiece of Muraski Shikibu. Follows the love
life of a fictional prince.
 Noh Theater – a classic form of Japanese drama involving heroic themes, a chorus, and
dance.
Let’s Get Activated
10 minutes
• Work on your Nara Pamphlet
Agenda
• Activator
• Paper Doll Activity
ON A SHEET ATTACHED TO THE DOLL:
– Reflect on the importance of the Japanese paper doll.
– Be able to clearly explain all of the aspects of your paper doll as it
pertains to Japanese culture. (Use book as a guide)
– ONE PARAGRAPH (AT LEAST 5 SENTENCES)
• HW: FINISH Pamphlet and Doll Projects Due
TOMORROW
• IW: Do Assessment 21 Assignment 9
Paper Doll
Using all available resources
1. Cut out doll outline.
2. Fold available paper or color around doll outline. (Need to create a robe)
3. Cut out hair.
4. Decorate face and robe.
5. ON A SHEET ATTACHED TO THE DOLL:
– Reflect on the importance of the Japanese paper doll.
– Be able to clearly explain all of the aspects of your paper doll as it pertains to
Japanese culture. (Use book as a guide)
– ONE PARAGRAPH (AT LEAST 5 SENTENCES)
You will be graded on doll detail and accuracy
Let’s Get Activated
Peer edit your partner’s rough draft.
• Difference between Katakana and Hiragama?
• Who were the Fujiwara Family
Agenda
• Activator
• Tanka Poem
• HW: FINISH Tanka Poem
• IW: Do Assessment 21 Assignment 9
Tanka Poem
Create one tanka poem that expresses your
feelings about:
– A favorite memory
– Feeling right now
– Feelings towards high school
– Memory from middle school
You will need a picture to represent the poem
(maybe as the background)
Let’s Get Activated
• Three important aspects of the Heian
Period?
• What is Noh Theater?
Agenda
• Activator
• Last Chance to hand in Dolls and Tanka
Poems for full credit
• Introduce new project and hand out rubric
• Work on Scroll Project
• HW: Work on Project over the weekend
– Due Wednesday (You will get a little time on
class Monday to work on it)
Scroll Project
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Use the template provided to design your own scroll painting to tell the tale of life for an aristocrat in
Heian Japan. Provide detailed explanations of the Heian period and the unique Japanese cultural
elements that were created. For each, include a picture that illustrates your ideas.
Include: (check off when completed)
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____ Title (Ex. “The Tale of Genji”)
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Social Position
____ Explanation
____ Picture
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Beauty & Fashion
____ Explanation
____ Picture
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Entertainment
____ Explanation
____ Picture
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Sculpture & Painting
____ Explanation
____ Picture
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Writing & Literature
____ Explanation
____ Picture
Agenda
• Go through PowerPoint (creating a study
guide)
• Remaining Time: Work on scrolls
• HW: Scrolls due Wednesday
What’s a Golden Age?
•In your own words- Write the definition
for a golden age
•How does your definition compare to the
Golden Age period in China?
21.1 Introduction
•When: 794-1185
•Where: In 794, Emperor Kammu moved the capital from
Nara to Heian-kyo (in Japanese “Kyo” means city)
•What: During this time aristocrats led a great flourishing of
Japanese cultures. Over time they developed new forms of
literature and art, painters and sculptors develop new styles
of art, and performers entertained the court with new kinds
of music, dance, and drama.
This brilliant culture of the Heian period still influences Japan
today.
21.2 A New Capital
•In 784, Kammu decided to move his capital away from Nara
for two reasons: 1. he felt the priests’ power was damaging to
the government. 2. the emperor also wanted a larger, grander
capital city.
•The first site Kammu chose was Nagaoka, about 30 miles
from Nara.
•In 794, the emperor again ordered the capital to be moved.
This time Kammu chose a site on the Yodo River. This site
was easier to protect from attacks. He called this city Heiankyo “The capital of peace and Tranquility”
Heian-kyo
•Heian-kyo became the first truly
Japanese city. Today it is called
Kyoto.
•Like Nara, it was laid out in a
checkerboard pattern like the
Chinese city of Chang’an.
•Heian-kyo’s crisscrossing streets
were modeled after those of
Chang’an, but the city’s architecture
was Japanese.
•In the center of the city were
palaces and government offices.
Heian-kyo cont.
•Simplicity was considered
beautiful, so there were few
objects on the wooden floors of
people’s houses. Only straw
mats and cushions. The
Japanese did not use chairs.
•Daily life was very formal, and
correct manners were extremely
important. Ex. A Heian lady sat
behind a portable screen that hid
her from view while she talked
and took part in life around the
house.
21.3 The Rise of the Fujiwara Family
•During much of the Heian period, aristocrats were the
political and cultural leaders of Japan. By the mid-9th
century, real power in the imperial court shifted from
the emperor to the aristocratic families.
•The most important of these noble families were the
Fujiwara, who controlled Japan for nearly 300 years.
•Although never actually rulers, the Japanese believed
all emperors were decedent of the sun goddess, the
Fujiwara had other ways of exercising their power.
Power of the Fujiwara (3 examples)
• Example 1: In 858, the Fujiwara married
many of their young daughters into the
royal families
• Example 2: The Fujiwara acted as
advisors to the emperor
• Example 3: Often coaxed older emperors
to retire, so that child or youth could take
the throne, they would rule as regents in
the young emperor’s name.
Fujiwara Michinaga
• The most successful Fujiwara
leaders- who led Japan from
995-1028
• Never had an official role in the
government, but is one of the
best known people in
Japanese history.
 During his time in power, the
Fujiwara family became even
richer, they also built palaces,
mansions, and temples.
Legacy of the Fujiwara
 The Fujiwara family used their
power to better their own lives.
However, they also kept peace
in Japan for nearly three
centuries. This peace helped
Japanese culture blossom
during the Heian period.
 Phoenix Hall – Michinaga’s son
built after his fathers death.
21.4- Social Position of the Heian
Court
• A person’s rank was determined almost
completely by what family he or she came
from.
• Being born into a high-ranking family
mattered more than personal qualities or
skills.
• There were nine main ranks in the Heian
court hierarchy.
21.4 Heian Rank System
• The nine ranks were further divided into classes
such as senior and junior, upper and lower. In
all, there were some 30 sub ranks
• Each rank brought with it specific privileges and
detailed rules about conduct.
• Members of each rank had different types of
houses and carriages.
• Rank also determined the number of servants
people had and even the number of folds in the
fans they carried.
Ranking System cont.
• This precise ranking system also
determined such matters as what
color clothing a noble could wear, and
the height of the gatepost in front of
the family’s home.
• In addition, if a person was found
guilty of a crime, rank determined
how harsh the sentence would be.
The Fans of Japan
• Men of the first,
second, and third
ranks used fans with
25 folds
• Men of the fourth, and
fifth ranks used fans
with 23 folds
• The fans of the lower
ranks had 12 folds.
21.5 Beauty and Fashion During
the Heian Period
• Heian society prized beauty, elegance,
and fashion.
• To be described as yoki (good), people
had to come from an important family and
they also had to look nice, and be
sensitive to beauty in nature, poetry, and
art.
• The ability to recognize beauty was valued
over qualities like generosity and honesty.
Men vs. Women
• Men and women both
groomed themselves
with great care.
• Small pointed beards
were considered
attractive on male
members of a ruler’s
court.
• For women, long hair
was an important
beauty feature.
Fashion and Beauty cont.
• The Japanese of this time considered
white teeth to be unattractive, so both men
and women blackened their teeth with a
dye made from iron soaked in tea or
vinegar.
• How one smelled was also very
significant, so both men and women wore
scents.
Japanese Women
• For women, makeup was also
important. Women used white
face powder to make themselves
look very pale. Touches of red on
her cheeks and lips. Also, women
used to pluck out their eyebrows
and paint on a set.
• A woman’s clothing needed to be
beautiful.
• An aristocratic woman might wear
as many as 12 silk under-robes at
a time.
21.6 Entertainment
• Heian-kyo’s aristocrats had plenty of leisure time
for sporting events, games, and contests.
• Men enjoyed watching horse races, archery
contents, and sumo wrestling.
• Groups of courtiers played a game called
kemari, where they kicked a leather ball back
and forth, keeping it in the air for as long as
possible. The game is played in elegant robes.
21.6 Entertainment
• Women played a game called Rango. The
object was to balance as many stones as
possible on one finger.
• Dancing was an important skill for Heiankyo’s nobles, since dance was part of
nearly every festival.
• Bagaku combined dance with music and
drama. Dancers wore masks and acted
out a simple story.
21.7 Sculpture and Painting
• Early Heian sculptors
commonly made an entire
work from one piece of wood.
• An artist named Jocho, who
worked for Fujiwara
Michinaga, made perhaps the
greatest masterpiece of Heian
sculpture- the Amida Buddha.
• It is said to be Japan’s second most
photographed icon. Do you know the
first?
21.8 Writing and Literature
• Writing was the most valued form of
expression and poetry part of daily life.
• Two forms of Kana:
– Hiragama – faster and easier (women)
– Katakana – more formal (men)
• Women led the rise of literature during
the Heian Period
• Best known Heian writer was
Murasaki Shikibu of the Fujiwara
Family. She wrote the world’s first
novel.
• Famous works include the Tale of
Genji (first novel) and the Pillow Book
21.9 End of the Heian Period
• Heian Period = peace.
• Aristocrats lived well, but most
people were poor and lived in rural
areas. This caused problems
– People who owned estates did not
have to pay taxes.
– This caused a money shortage
• When the emperor lost control,
bandit attacks increased.
• By the 12th century, local lords power
equaled that of the weakened
imperial government.
• By 1180, civil war broke out in Japan
• In 1185, Minamoto Yoritomo seized
power.
– Head of military family
• It began an era in which military
leaders controlled Japan
21.10 Effects of the Heian Period
• Tale of Genji and Pillow
Book are as basic to
Japan as Shakespeare to
the English speakers.
• Tanka is still popular
today.
• Bugaku led to Noh
theater, dramas with
heroic themes.