Transcript Support to Science, Technology and Knowledge for

Enhancing Science
Technology
and Innovation for
Development
Opportunities in
South Eastern Europe
Sara E. Farley
Science and Technology Strategist
World Bank
Ljubljana, Slovenia
September 28-29, 2006
To be Discussed…
1. A framework for support to Science,
Technology, & Innovation (STI) for
development
2. Directions for support to STI in
South Eastern Europe (SEE)
3. Challenges and next steps
Creating a Strategic Vision

Four policy pillars essential for NIS
strengthening:
 Human resources development
 Stimulation of demand for
knowledge in the private sector
 Public support for STI-led growth
 Strengthening of ICT and
infrastructure
Policy Work: Knowledge for
Development (K4D) Initiatives
The web-based tool provides an assessment of a
country’s knowledge economy:

Uses a set of 80 structural and
qualitative variables to benchmark an
economy’s knowledge performance
 Includes 128 countries (90
developing economies)
 Used to conduct analytic work and
policy dialogue (e.g. China, Vietnam,
Korea, Russia, Mexico, India, etc.)
Knowledge Assessment
Methodologies for ECA
Knowledge Assessment
Methodologies in ECA Cont’d
Key STI Challenges Facing SEE
Countries
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Little private sector participation in innovation
(competing on natural resources and low
wages)
Weak innovation/technology absorption in
firms
Low political priority to STI, limited funding
Neglect of STI systems and extensive brain
drain
Marginal position of the region vis-à-vis EU
Lessons Learned from Donor
Support to STI
Difficulties due to prevailing structure and
incentives
 Most donors have no single home for STI,
rather many actors working across networks
and regions with very little coordination
 Segmentation and duplication of efforts
 Previous lack of holistic framework for STI
capacity building (i.e., NIS framework)
 Complexity of administration and knowledge
bottlenecks
Directions for Support to
STI in South Eastern
Europe
Modes of STI Support to SEE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Support for research infrastructure
Capacity building for FP participation
STI policy articulation and priority setting
Establishing quality indicators and
benchmarking STI capacity
Improving quality and relevance of tertiary
education (UG and research degrees)
Fostering good governance and institution
building in STI
Partnering with regional networks
More Avenues for Support…
8.
9.
10.
Scoping exercises to determine availability
and improve likelihood of eliciting donor
support for STI
Restructuring universities to meet Bologna
requirements and improve S&T education
Fostering academia-industry linkages
World Bank S&T Lending
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Between 1980 and 2004, $8.6 billion to S&T
activities; $343 million average annual lending for
S&T
9% of projects over the past 25 years provided
some support for S&T
 Annual average = 26 S&T projects:
5 major, 21 minor
The Agriculture-Rural Development Sector
provided more support for S&T than all other
sectors combined
42 of 75 major non-agr S&T loans went to only 7
countries (Korea, China, Brazil, India, Indonesia,
Chile, Mexico)
World Bank STI Support:
Case Study Brazil MSI and PADCT

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The Brazil PADCT (Plano de Apoio ao
Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico)
Projects, 1985-2005
Background:
 1982: Low level of foreign reserves
 Exporting raw materials and importing
manufactured products made from those
materials at substantial value added
 Brazilian Ministry of Planning wanted program to
increase value added of mineral and biomass
resources
Brazil’s MSI and Lessons Learned
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MSI => PADCT III in 2001
Shared aims: both PADCT and MSI concentrated
resources on country’s best researchers
17 MSI Institutes established in research areas
relevant to social and economic development
Extensive involvement of S&T community in
MSI/PADCT planning and implementation = broad
acceptance and trust in fairness of resource
allocation for research
Successful institutionalization of peer review
process with effective mechanisms for avoidance
of conflicts of interest
STI Capacity Building: Turkey
Technology Development Project
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Challenges: low industrial quality, highly laborintensive products, limited growth, low
competitiveness
US$ 155 million, 1999-2004
TDP Objectives:
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Improve Turkish technology infrastructure and services
(e.g., MSTQ, IPR harmonization)
Restructure public R&D Institutions (Marmara)
Stimulation of private sector participation in research
Formation of venture capital and technology parks
(Technology Development Foundation of Turkey)
Focus on Quality and Linkages:
Croatia S&T Project
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Challenges: Weak linkages between research and
industry and between Croatian scientists abroad and
at home; Unfulfilled ambitions of competitive NIS
US$ 40 million, 2006-2010
Project Objectives:
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Strengthen and restructure R&D institutions
(more applied research at Brodarski Institute
and others)
Increase firms’ ability to use, adapt, and commercialize
technology
Joint projects with Croatians abroad (Unity Through
Knowledge Fund)
Advantages of a Regional Approach
in SEE
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“Cohesion” as an EU imperative
Shared history and history of Yugoslav-EC
cooperation
Limitations due to small size of countries’
innovation systems
International nature of increasing proportion of
scientific and research endeavors
Access to expertise, funding, institutions abroad
=> science beyond the nation-state
1+1=3
Challenges and
Opportunities for the
Bank and its Partners
To the Future: Working Better,
Working Together

The World Bank and its partners must
respond to three STI challenges:
 Working cross-sectorally to build
synergies
 Working at the regional level
 Leveraging our global partnershipx
for enhanced provision of global
public goods
Getting Started on Reform and
Engaging with Donors
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Engaging the business community, to understand
the demand for innovation and sources of your
country’s competitiveness
Putting STI into IPA and Development Strategy,
and Poverty Reduction Strategy documents
Fostering national and regional STI champions
Increasing multi-sectoral STI interventions in
health, agriculture, education, environment, etc.
Utilizing “knowledge diffusion agents” in national
level projects
Generating “STI for economic change and
competitiveness” analyses for Ministries of Finance
and Economy
“The emergence of global science changes the
scale, scope and processes of the governance of
science.”
“We need a new framework for the governance
of 21st century science. The new approach
uncouples science from national prestige and ties
it more firmly to collaboration, merit and
openness. It scales research to the needs of
science rather than the interests of the funder.”
Caroline Wagner, “Science Policy Beyond the Nation State, Nations, Knowledge and Networks in the
21st Century.” Forthcoming . Brookings. 2007.
Thank you.
Sara E.Farley
The World Bank
[email protected]