Aim: How did society fix the abuses of big business?

Do Now Read pages 450-451 Turn in your Homework Look at the HW Board for the assignment.

Objective

 By the end of the lesson, you, red blooded American student, should be able to: Identify the social reform movements that developed during the late 1800s.

Let’s Discuss

 In 2007, what are the names of some social reform organizations that help many Americans?

Mulberry Street Bend,

1889

5-Cent Lodgings

Men’s Lodgings

Women’s Lodgings

Dumbbell Tenement Plan Tenement House Act of 1879 , NYC

Lower East Side Immigrant Family

Another Struggling Immigrant Family

6. The Search For Justice

  The rise of big business caused concern not only among farmers and workers, but also among other groups of Americans.

Many Americans began to speak out for reform.

1) 2) What does the word reform mean?

Why do you think people wanted reform in big business?

6.1 Religion and Reform

    In the late 1800s, many reform-minded leaders began to improve people’s living conditions.

Churches were important in aiding and assisting the poor by setting up kindergartens and nurseries.

Two new groups established during the growth of big business were the Young Men’s Catholic Association (YMCA) and Young Women’s Catholic Association (YWCA).

The first Salvation Army opened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1880. Soon after, other missions were opening around the United States.

3) What were some of the groups that tried to improve living conditions during the late 1800s?

4) Which group of children were aided by these groups?

YMCA/YWCA Logos

6.2 Settlement Houses

       Reformers also founded settlement houses.

A settlement house was a place where people who lived in slums could go to school, receive medical care, get help in finding jobs and learn English.

The first settlement house opened in New York in 1886. Soon after settlement houses opened in Chicago, Pittsburgh, Boston and other large cities.

The most famous settlement house is Hull House. Hull House opened in Chicago in 1889. The founder of Hull House is Jane Addams.

Jane Edna Hunter opened the Working Girls Home Association in Cleveland, Ohio. The purpose of this settlement house was founded to help Black women find jobs in the cities of the United States.

Lillian ward founded the Henry Street Settlement House in New York City. This settlement house was interested in giving medical care to the neediest New Yorkers.

5) What were the purposes of settlement houses?

6) Which settlement house was founded by: a) b) Jane Addams?

Jane Edna Hunter?

c) Lillian Wald?

7) For the answers to number six, what were the purposes of the three women’s settlement houses?

Jane Addams

Jane Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House

Jane Edna Hunter

Lillian Wald-Henry Street Settlement House

6.3 Literature of Protest

      Some of the literature written during the age of Big Business were written to protest the problems of Big Business during the late 1800s and to urge reform.

Henry George wrote Progress and Poverty a single tax placed on people that owned land.

Looking Backward in 1879. He wanted Edward Bellamy wrote in 1888. This book described a utopian America in the year 2000. In the book, profit making is set aside with a society that shared its wealth.

Jacob Riis published took pictures of people living in poverty in New York City.

Stephen Crane wrote Henry Demarest Lloyd wrote which directly attacked the Standard Oil Trust of John Rockefeller.

How the Other Half Lives in 1890. Riis Maggie: A Girl of the Streets.

Wealth Against Commonwealth

Henry George

Progress and Poverty

Edward Bellamy: Looking Backward

Stephen Crane: Maggie: A Girl of the Streets

Stephen Crane Maggie: A Girl of the Streets

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives

Blind Beggar, 1888

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives

Drinkers quenching their thirst at The Morgue, 1890s Basement Saloon, NYC

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives

A Struggling Immigrant Family, NYC, c.1890s

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives

Italian Rag Picker, Little Italy, NYC, c. 1890s

8) What were some important books that encouraged reform?

Review Questions

1) How did religion influence the reform movement of the late 1800s?

2) Who founded Hull House?

3) Who wrote about the problems created by big business in the late 1800s?