Transcript RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN FOR DEVELOPING …

THE PLACE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE
NIGERIAN ENERGY SECTOR*
Prof Abubakar S. Sambo, OON, NPOM
Director-General, Energy Commission of Nigeria
Plot 701C, Central Area, PMB 358, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
Email: [email protected] or [email protected]
*Presented at the World Future Council Workshop on Renewable Energy Policies,
10th October, 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Prof. A. S. Sambo
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Jebba
Prof. A. S. Sambo
Fig.1: Maps of Nigeria and Africa
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INTRODUCTION

Total Area:
14%)
92.4 million hectares (Land 86%, Water

Forest and Woodlands:
11.6%

Polity:
Democracy (Presidential System)

Population:
151 million (2008)

Economic Indicators:

GDP growth rate:
5.3% (2008)

Inflation rate:
5.0% (2008)

Exchange rate:
1$ = N160 (2008)

Major contributor to foreign
exchange earnings:

oil ( 88.6% in 2008)
Social Indicators in 2008

GDP/Capita:
$1,170

Energy Intensity
0.17 kgoe/$

Energy Consumption/Capita:
0.153 toe

Urbanization:
40%

Population Growth rate:
2.2%

Adult Literacy rate:
69%

Life Expectancy :
54 years
Prof. A. S. Sambo Incidence of poverty
54%
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ENERGY RESOURCES IN NIGERIA
Table 1: Fossil and Nuclear Type
Resources
Domestic
Reserves
S/N
Resource Type
Utilization
(Natural Units
Energy Units
(Btoe*)
Production
(Natural
units)
1
Crude Oil
36.22 billion barrels
5.03
2.5 million
barrels/day
2
Natural Gas
187 Trillion SCF
4.19
6 Billion SCF/day
3.4
3
Coal and lignite
2.175 billion tonnes
1.52
(insignificant)
(insignificant)
4
Tar Sands
31 billion barrels of
equivalent
4.31
5
Nuclear Element
Prof. A. S. Sambo
Not yet qualified
-
450,000
barrels/
day
billion
SCF/day
-
-
-
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ENERGY RESOURCES……………. Cont’d
Table 2: Renewable Energy Resource
Reserves
S/No
Resource Type
(Natural Units
11,250 MW
3,500 MW
1
2
Hydropower large
Small Hydropower
3
Solar Radiation
3.5 - 7.0 KWh/m2/day (4.2
million MWh/day using 0.1%
Nigeria land area)
4
Wind
(2-4) m/s at 10m height (main
land)
5
Fuelwood
Animal waste
Biomass
Energy Crops
and Agric
Residue
Prof. A. *Tonnes
S. Sambo
of oil equivalent
11 million
hectares of forest
and woodland
211 million
assorted animals
28.2 million
hectares of Arable
Land (30% of
total land)
Production
Energy Units (Btoe*)
0.8 (over 40 yrs)
1938 MW
0.34 (over
30 MW
40years)
5.2 (40 years and  6 MWh/day
0.1% Nigeria land Solar PV
area)
0.0003 (4m/s @
12% speed
probability, 70m
height, 20m rootor,
0.1% land area, 40
yrs.)
-
Excess of
1.2m
tonnes/day
-
-
Domestic
Utilization
(Natural units)
1938 MW
30 MW
 6 MWh/day
Solar PV
-
0.120 million
tonnes/day
0.120 million
tonnes/day
0.781 million
tonnes of
waste/day
0.256 million
tonnes of
assorted
crops/day
Not available
Not available
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POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

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

A National Energy Policy was approved by the Government in 2003 with the
overall thrust of optimal utilization of the nation’s energy resources; both
conventional and renewable, for sustainable development and with the active
participation of the private sector.
The policy articulated amongst other things that:
 Extensive crude oil and natural gas exploration and development shall be
pursued with the view to increasing their reserves base to the highest level
possible.
 The nation shall continue to engage extensively in the development of
electric power with the view to making reliable electricity available to 75% of
the population by 2020; as well as to broaden the energy options for
generating electricity.
In 2005, an Act of the National Assembly was passed into law liberalizing the
electricity sector; thus, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission and
the Rural Electrification Agency were established therefrom.
In 2008, the reform of the oil and gas sector to make it more business driven as
recommended by the OGIC is in the process of being backed by a law.
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THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN
The Renewable Energy Masterplan for Nigeria, Produced in 2006 with Support
from the UNDP:


Articulates :

Nigeria’s vision for achieving sustainable development.

A road map for renewable energy to help achieve this vision.
Envisions :

An economy that gradually move from a monolithic fossil economy to
one driven by an increasing share of renewable energy in the
national energy mix.

Exploiting renewable energy in quantities and at prices that will
promote the achievement of equitable and sustainable growth.

An energy transition from crude oil to a less carbon intensive
economy increasingly powered by gas and increasing role for RE.
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THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN
(cntd…)
Objectives of the REMP

The overall objective of the REMP is to articulate a roadmap for
national development through the accelerated development and
exploitation of renewable energy.

The REMP which will provide a comprehensive framework for
developing renewable energy, will ensure:
 Expanding access to energy services to Nigerians,
 Raising the standard of living, especially in the rural areas,
 Stimulating economic growth, employment and empowerment,
 Increasing the scope and quality of rural services, including, schools, health
services, water supply, information, entertainment and stemming the migration to
urban areas,
 Reducing environmental degradation and health risks, particularly to vulnerable
groups such as women and children.
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THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN
(cntd…)
Table 4: Projected Electricity Demand

The electricity demand
projections for the four
economic growth
scenarios, 7%, 10%,
11.5% and 13% under
industrializing
conditions are as
shown in Table 4
Scenario
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Reference
(7%)
5746
15730
28360
50820
77450
119200
High
Growth
(10%)
5746
15920
30210
58180
107220
192000
Optimistic
(11.5%)
5746
16000
31240
70760
137370
250000
Optimistic
(13%)
5746
33,250
64,200
107,600
172,900
297,900
Projected Electricity Demand
300000
250000
MW
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Year
Prof. A. S. Sambo
Reference
High Grow th
Optimistic
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TARGETS OF THE REMP
Targets for Renewable Energy Contribution to Electricity
Generation (MW) in Nigeria
S/N. RESOURCE
SHORT MEDIUM
LONG
1
Hydro (large)
1930
5930
48,000
2
Hydro (small)
100
734
19,000
3
Solar PV
5
120
500
4
Solar Thermal
-
1
5
5
Biomass
-
100
800
6
Wind
1
20
40
All Renewables
All Energy Resources
2,036
6,905
68,345
16,000
30,000
192,000
% of Renewables
13%
23%
36%
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TARGETS OF THE REMP (cntd…)
•Electricity access to rise to 75% by 2025
75% access
60% access
Expected Access
by 2025
42% access
Expected Access
by 2015
Access by 2005
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SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS
5 kW Wind Power for Village Electrification, Sayya
Gidan Gada, Sokoto State built by SERC
7.2 kWp PV Village Electrification, Kwalkwalawa, Sokoto
State by SERC
Prof. A. S. Sambo
Wind Electrification at Sayya Gidan Gada, Wamakko
LG, Sokoto State
Solar PV Internet Back-up at Nunet,
UDU, Sokoto
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SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS
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Title: Community Based Pilot Water Heater
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Location: UDUTH
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Capacity: 1000 litres
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Cost: N420,000:00
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Year: 1998
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Objective: Water heating
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Sponsor: ECN
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Beneficiary: Gynae Lying-in Ward UDUTH
(cntd…)
Solar Water Heater developed by NCERD
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
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Title: Riser & Spiral Water Heater
Location: SERC Demonstration Area,
Capacity: 20 litres
Cost:; N7,000:00
Year: 2003
Objective: Research, Development. & Demonstration
Sponsor: SERC
Beneficiary: Staff & Students
A 1000-litre Solar Water Heating System at the
Maternity Ward of Usmanu Danfodiyo University
Teaching Hospital, Sokoto constructed by SERC.
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SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS
2-Tonne Solar Rice Dryer at Adarice Co. Enugu state,
built by NCERD
(cntd…)
A 2-Tonne Dryer at NAPRI, Zaria, constructed by SERC
Large Scale Solar Dryer
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SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS
(cntd…)
Fixed dome Biogas digester at Mayflower
Secondary School, Ikenne, Ogun state
Prof. A. S. Sambo
SAMPLES OF HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS DIGESTERS – NCERD, NSUKKA
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SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS
(cntd…)
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Title: Single Hole Improved Wood burning stove
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Location: GGSS, Argungu, Kebbi State
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Capacity: Average family of 15-20 persons

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Year: 2006
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Objective: Cooking
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
Sponsor: SERC
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Beneficiary: School Community

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
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Title: Pilot Double hole improved wood stove
Location: GGCSS Argungu
Capacity: Average of 40-40 person
Cost: N5,000
Year: 2006
Objective: Cooking
Sponsor: SERC
Beneficiary: School Community
Improved Wood Burning Stove
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Title: Improved Wood stoves just constructed before firing

Location: Danjawa Village, Wamakko LG, Sokoto State
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MAJOR CHALLENGES
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Despite the installed petroleum products refining capacity of 445,000
barrel/day and electricity generation capacity in excess of 6,000 MW,
Nigeria imports over 70% of its petroleum products requirement while
electricity supply is inadequate at just about 3,000 MW.
Coal and renewable energy resources are grossly under utilized in the
country despite their availability in reasonable quantities.
Huge investment is required to upgrade and expand our power
generation, transmission and distribution systems, which government
alone cannot provide in view of other pressing demands of the
economy.
Good potentials exist in the upstream business in the off-shore, onshore and inland basins of the country, as well as in the downstream
oil and gas business. Similar potentials exist in the power sector.
The level of utilisation of the nation’s huge renewable energy
resources is rather too low.
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CONCLUSION
• With the vast renewable energy resources and a National
Energy Policy(NEP) as well as a National Renewable Energy
Masterplan(NREMP), Nigeria is well positioned to up-scale the
use of renewable energy.
• The way forward for Nigeria is pass the NEP and the NREMP
into law to ensure their sustained implementation from one
government to another.
Prof. A. S. Sambo
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