Transcript UNO INTERNATIONAL

PRESENTED BY : S.K.GUPTA
INTRODUCTION
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The twentieth century witnessed two terrible world wars. After the first
world war(1914-1918),it was realized that an organization should be
created to prevent future wars and hence the League of Nations was
formed. But it failed to achieve its objectives. Within twenty years of its
formation, the second world war(1939-1945) broke out. This prompted
the nations of the world to make another attempt to form an
international organization.
From 25th April to 26th June 1945,representatives of 50 nations met in
San Francisco,USA to draw a Charter or a set of rules for a new world
organization, called United Nations The charter was signed on 26th
June 1945 by 50 nations including INDIA. The United Nations formally
came into existence on 24th October 1945.Since than,24th October is
celebrated as The United Nations day every year.Today,the United
Nations is world’s largest international organization.
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Under the charter,the United nations body
has six organsThe general Assembly
The security Council
The Economic & Social Council
The Trusteeship council
The International Court of Justice &
The Secretariat
1.The General Assembly
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All the member states are represented in
the General Assembly, each having one vote
The main functions of the General Assembly
areTo discuss the powers and functions of
other organs
To elect ten non-permanent members of
security council
To elect the Judges of the ICJ
To admit new members &
To appoint secretary General
2 The security council
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It is mainly responsible for ensuring peace in the world
It is composed of 15 members of which 5 are permanent
members and 10 are elected by the General Assembly
The five permanent members are the USA,the UK,
Russia,China,and France
The 10 permanent members are elected by the General
Assembly for two years and are not eligible for immediate reelection
Each member of the security council has one vote
VETO-The approval of all the permanent members is necessary
on important matters. If any permanent member casts a
“veto”to show its disagreement then no decision can be taken
3 The Economic and Social
council
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The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is the UN’s welfare
council,which coordinates the economic and social activities
It seeks to build a world of greater prosperity,stability and
justice.
It organizes major international conferences and prepares draft
The ECOSOC is composed of 54 members
Each year the General Assembly elects,its one-third,that is 18
members for a period of 3 years
4 The Trusteeship Council
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The Trusteeship Council of UN may be called the
“Protector of Dependent Peoples” who are not yet
able to govern themselves.
Such territories are to be administered under the
Trusteeship Council system by the member states.
By the end of 1994 ,all the original 11 trust territories
of the Trusteeship Council have become independent.
5.The International Court of
Justice
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The International Court of Justice popularly known as the
“World Court” is the principal judicial organ of the UN
The Court is not open to private persons and parties.
It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory
opinion to the UN.
The Court comprises 15 judges who are elected by the General
Assembly and the Security Council
No two judges can be appointed from one country at a time
The judges serve a 9 year term and may be re-elected
The seat of the International Court of Justice is at the Hague in
the Netherlands.
Secretaries General of the UN
Name
Nation
Period
1.Trygve Lie
Norway
Feb 1946-Nov 1952
2.Dag Hammarskjöld
Sweden
April 1953-Sep1961
3.U Thant
Myanmar
Nov 1961- Dec 1971
4.Kurt Waldheim
Austria
Jan 1972-Dec 1981
5.Javier Perez de
Cuellar
Peru
Jan 1982-Dec 1991
6.Boutros Boutros
Ghali
Egypt
Jan 1992-Dec 1996
7.Kofi A. Annan
Ghana
Jan 1997-Dec 2006
8.Ban Ki Moon
South Korea
1.Jan 2007-till date
6.The Secretariat
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The secretariat performs all the day-to-day functions of the UN.
It administers the programmes and policies laid down by various
organs of the UN.
It keeps all records.
Its chief Administrative Officer is the Secretary General.
He is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of
five-year term, which is renewable.
The Secretariat known as the UN office, has its headquarters in New
York,USA.
Arabic,Chinese,English,French,Russian and Spanish are the six official
languages of the UN.
INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES OF THE UN
Name of the
Agency
Year of foundation
Headquarter
Work
Present Head
Awards $ special
1.ILO
1919
Geneva
Labour Related
JaunSomavia
Nobel Peace Prize
1969
2.FAO
16 oct1945
Rome
Food&Agri.Relt
Jacqes Dioul
WFDay 16oc
3.UNESCO
1946
Paris
Edu.& Cult.Rel
Koichiro Matsuwra
Members 70
4.UNICEF
1946
New York
Women&child.D
Ann M Venemi
Nobel Peace p
5.WHO
1948
Geneva
Health Related
Dr.MargretChan
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6.WB
1945
WashigationDC
Money Related
Robert Zoallick
WB (1)IFC (1956)
2.IDA (1960)
3.ICSID(1966)
4.MIGA (1988)
7.IMF
1945
Washington
Money related
Dominic Strauss
Kahn
Loan at low intrt.
Rate
8.UNDHR
10 DEC 1948
Human Rights
Louse Arbour
Nobel Peace Prize
1968
HUMAN RIGHTS & THE UN
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Human Rights are those rights to which every individual is
entitled as a human being. Human Rights are often referred as
basic rights, birth rights,natural rights and moral rights.They
imply the rights relating to life,liberty,equality and dignity of the
individual.
The United Nations Universal Declaration on Human
Rights(UNDHR) was adopted on 10 December 1948.Since then
it is observed as Human Rights Day throughout the world
Rene Cassin,the distinguished FrenchJurist who drafted UNDHR
was awarded the Nobel Pease Prize in 1968 for his work on
Human Rights
India’s Response to Human
Rights
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The impact of the UNDHR is evident on the drafting of the
Indian constitution
The Preamble declares four aims in the governance of India(1)JUSTICE-social,economic and political.
(2)LIBERTY of thought,expression,belief,faith and worship.
(3)EQUALITY of status and opportunity and
(4)FATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the
unity and integrity of the nation.
For the protection of Human Rights,India has set up a National
Human Rights Commission(NHRC) in 1993.It deals with the
cases of violation of Human Rights.
Constitution & Human Rights
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Our Constitution guarantees Six Fundamental Rights:
1. Right to Equality,
2. Right toFreedom,
3. Right to freedom of religion,
4.Right against exploitation,
5.Cultural and educational rights and
6. Right to constitutional remedial rights are
justicable in nature
Indian cultural values based on the respect for all religion-Sarva
Dharma Sambhav,the philosophy of non-violence and mutual
co-existence also provide moral safeguards for the protection of
Human Rights.