Transcript The MAR Social and Economic Model

JAMAICA’S
ECOLOGICAL
GAP
ASSESSMENT
December 2007
Workshop Objectives
• Present the National Ecological Gap
Report
• Solicit feedback regarding the
proposed Conservation Area Portfolio
• Prioritize the proposed areas in the
Portfolio by assessing feasibility
The Current Protected Areas
18% of Lands
15% of Waters
Why Identify Gaps?
When one tugs at a single thing in nature,
he finds it attached to the rest of the world.
- John Muir
• Building sustainability into Jamaica’s
future
• Ensuring functionality of the island
ecosystem
• Meeting Jamaica’s global commitment
to conservation and sustainability
Marine Conservation Targets
Terrestrial Coarse-filter Conservation Targets
Terrestrial Fine-filter Conservation Targets
Freshwater Conservation Targets
Overlapping Targets
The Human Footprint
Conservation Goals
Expressed as the percentage of the total
extent of the Target that needs to be conserved
in order to maintain its viability or functionality.
– Where and How much?
Targets can be set using the following
parameters:
• Knowledge of current target distribution
(Terrestrial)
• Knowledge of biological functions
• Surrogate measures such as rarity or
broader range abundances (Freshwater)
The CBD 10% goal and its caveats.
Marine Conservation Goals
Marine Conservation Targets
% Goals
Sandy shores
20%
Rocky shores
20%
Mangroves
50%
Estuarine areas
20%
Seagrass beds
30%
Corals and Coral reef
10 – 30%*
Soft bottom communities
20%
Cays
30%
Offshore banks
10%
Seabird nesting and roosting
areas
50%
30%
Overwintering shorebird areas
Turtle nesting beaches
50%
Manatees
50%
Terrestrial Coarse-filter Conservation Goals
Terrestrial Ecosystem
Targets
Current Extent (ha)
% Goals
Dry Forest
Fairly Dry Forest
Mesic Forest
Wet Forest on Alluvium
Very Wet Forest
Montane Cloud Forest
Montane Summit
Savanna
Non-mangrove Wetlands
Mangrove Wetlands
< 20,000
90%
20,000 – 75,000
80%
75,000 – 100,000
60%
>100,000
40%
Inshore cays
NA
NA
Offshore cays
NA
NA
Terrestrial Fine-filter Conservation Goals
Terrestrial Conservation Targets
% Goals
Endemic Cave Bats
50%
Threatened Parrots
50%
Threatened Frogs
50 – 100% depending on species
Threatened Reptiles
50 – 100% depending on species
Jamaican Hutia
NA
Giant Swallowtail Butterfly
50%
West Indian Whistling Duck
50%
Freshwater Conservation Goals
Freshwater
Conservation
Targets
Total
% Goals*
Streams
0 – 100 Km
50%
Streams
100 – 500 Km
25%
Streams
500 – 1000 Km
15%
Streams
> 1000 Km
10%
Lake/Ponds
845 ha
25%
Eastern Wetlands
221 ha
50%
Western Wetlands
12,894 ha
25%
Eastern Springs
109
10%
Western Springs
417
10%
Eastern Caves
9
50%
Western Caves
214
10%
Fine-filter (speciesbased) Targets
NA
50%
Conservation Gaps?
• Representation Gaps – How much of
critical biodiversity is protected?
• Ecological Gaps – Is that which is protected
ecologically healthy?
• Management Gaps – Is that which is
protected under effective management?
Marine Gaps
Terrestrial Coarse-Filter Gaps
Terrestrial Fine-Filter Gaps
Freshwater Gaps
Management Gaps
• Management Objectives – harmonization and
standardization of protected areas framework
• Governance Models – evaluation of comanagement agreements and performance of
management regimes
• Management Effectiveness and Performance
– enabling environment for protected areas
starting at the policy system level (funding,
empowerment, resources, capacity building)
Management Objectives
International (IUCN)
Protected Area Categories
Government Stakeholder
Subsumed Jamaica Protected Area
Categories
Non-Governmental Organization
Stakeholder
Subsumed Jamaica Protected Area
Categories
Category I
Strict Nature Reserve/Wilderness
Area
IA Strict Nature Reserve
Forest Reserve (strict conservation)
Forest Reserve
IB Wilderness Area
--
--
Category II
National Park
National Park (recreational focus)
National Park
Marine Park (limited use)
Marine Park (Negril)
Forest Reserve (recreational focus)
Forest Reserve
Shared by Categories III and IV
1.
Tree Preservation Area
2.
Protected National Monument
3.
Protected National Heritage
4.
Protected Cultural and Historical Assets
(proposed)
Protected National Monument (natural elements)
Forest Reserve (restoration)
Fish Sanctuary
Marine Protected Area
Forest Reserve
Fish Sanctuary
Morant and Pedro Cays
Category III
National Monument
Category IV
Habitat/Species Management Area
Game Sanctuary/Reserve
Category V
Protected Landscape or Seascape
--
Environment Protection Act (human use)
Category VI
Managed Resource Protected Area
National Park (traditional use of resources)
National Park (sustainable use of resources)
Marine Park (fishing use)
Marine Park /Marine Protected Area
Environmental Protected Area (only for Negril)
Environmental Protection* Area (resource use)
Morant and Pedro Cays
Morant and Pedro Cays (resource species)
Forest Management Area (proposed)
Forest Management Area (proposed)
Forest Management Area (proposed)
Marine Portfolio
Terrestrial Portfolio
Freshwater Portfolio
Integrated Conservation Areas Portfolio
Integrated Conservation Areas Portfolio
• Complementarity
• Connectivity
• Functionality
Strategies for Jamaica’s Protected Areas System
• Review and finalize the proposed conservation area
portfolio (addressing fragmentation, degradation, current
and potential threats, biodiversity needs)
• Strengthen the protected area status of existing sites
(Black River, Cockpit Country, Portland Bight and Negril)
• Re-classification of existing protected areas into a
harmonized and standardized system
• Improved threat abatement actions
• Improved guidelines for “sustainable” use of biodiversity
Strategies for Protected Areas Policy
•
Revise the Policy framework based on clear roles and
responsibilities
•
Adopt a holistic portfolio approach to management
•
Implement the proposed conservation area portfolio
•
Harmonize Jamaica’s protected area management
categories and standardize their application at the
national scale
•
Strengthen the collaborative management mechanism
•
Standardize monitoring protocols and protected area
reporting
•
Develop a national scale resource and sustainable
funding plan
•
Develop specific mechanisms and venues for dialogues
with civil society
Strategies for Protected Areas Capacity
• Develop institutional capacity building
measures for protected area managers
• Develop technical capacity building measures
for protected area managers
• Develop outreach capacities for protected
area managers
• Establish mechanisms for capacity building
such as a Conservation Mentorship program
Key Areas of Research
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Ecosystem Connectivity
Resource stock assessment
Biological needs of resources
Restoration
Ecological services of ecosystems
Threats
Key Messages
• Conservation and Development are like an
old married couple – they may not always like
each other but neither can do without the other
• Holistic Management says you can’t drive
a car backwards – it’s definitely better to see
where you are going!
• Policies that Work should keep the wells
from running dry – “You ain’t gonna miss your
water until your wells run dry.” - Bob Marley
Key Messages
“Don't gain the world and lose your soul, wisdom is
better than silver or gold...” Bob Marley