Transcript Health promotions and how this is completed

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Research and investigate patterns of
disease or ill health from the chosen
cards
Breast Cancer
Child hood obesity
Heart disease and
Angina
HIV
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
Breast cancer
tuberculosis
Passive
smoking
Chlamydia
Childhood
obesity
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
Eating
Coronary
Heart Disease
Diabetes
Mellitus
HIV/AIDS
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
The Common
Cold
Contact
dermatitis
Stroke
High blood
pressure
Lung cancer
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
Investigate
Arthritis
Dermatitis
IBS
Irregular heart
Beat
Epilepsy
Asthma
Epidemiological data
It is essential for
identifying what health
problems are occurring
in a population and
targeting the relevant
health promotion activity
to address them.
Epidemiological
information tends to be of
two types:
•Information that gives
you a picture of the
population’s health at any
time (incident data)
•Information that shows
you trends over time
(trend data). Ill health
data, which deals with
illness and death, is
routinely collected by
health organisations and
interpreted by a range of
health organisations
including public health
observatories and Office
for National Statistics.
Facts and figures about stroke
An estimated 150,000 people have a stroke in the UK each year.
Stroke accounts for around 53,000 deaths each year in the UK.
Stroke is the third most common cause of death in England and
Wales, after heart disease and cancer.
Stroke accounts for 9 per cent of all deaths in men and 13 per cent
of deaths in women in the UK.]
At least 450,000 people are severely disabled as a result of stroke in
England.
Stroke costs the economy an estimated £8 billion per year in England
alone [6] and it is likely that it costs proportionate amounts in
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Stroke patients occupy around 20 per cent of all acute hospital beds
and 25 per cent of long term beds.
Stroke units save lives: for stroke patients general wards have a 14 per
cent to 25 per cent higher mortality rate than stroke units
Each year over 130,000 people in England and Wales have a stroke.
About 10,000 of these are under retirement age. [
http://www.apho.org.uk/addons/_105057/atlas.html?HPT=R&config=
If your PCT is red this means that
there is more of a chance
people suffering a stroke will end
up in hospital than if they lived in
other areas. Your PCT managers
should be taking an interest in
this pattern and seeing if
anything can be done to
improve this situation.
Conversely if you PCT is green,
this means there is less of a
chance people suffering a stroke
will end up in hospital than if they
lived in other areas. The
managers of your PCT should
also understand this pattern and
where possible share this
learning with their colleagues in
other organisations. If your PCT is
blue this means the number of
people being admitted for
strokes is similar to our
expectations.
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What internal
environmental
factors can affect
health?
What external
environmental
factors can affect
health?
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Key words - ?
Disposable income
Low income
Pollution
Poor housing
Diet – nutrition
Smoking
Drugs
Cases of breast cancer
Levels are very high across a swathe of
the West Country and the South.
Women in Torridge and Teignbridge in
Devon, in large areas of Dorset and
Somerset are highly vulnerable.
Industrial belts of the North East and
Cumbria show low rates, and the North
West, West Midlands and most of
London do better than averabe. In
London, breast cancer is most
common in Westminster and Richmond
upon Thames.
Major causes of death in males
in the UK
The industrial belts of Scotland, the
North East, North West and Yorkshire
show very high rates compared with
national levels.
By contrast, rural England and
suburban districts show the impact of
declining smoking levels in recent
years, and the West Midlands shows a
lower level than other industrial areas.
In London, risk is very high in
Wandsworth and south and east
boroughs.
These indications clearly show that the
best population health improvements
are achieved by directing resources
towards leveling up health status in the
worst areas.
Major causes of death in males
in the UK
More people are dying in Britain due to being overweight or obese than anywhere else in Europe, a study revealed yesterday.
Around one in every 11 deaths in the UK is now linked to carrying excess fat - 50 per cent more than the rate in France.
Experts also warned that the number of fatalities due to obesity may soon, for the first time, exceed those caused by smoking.
Being overweight or obese leaves people at high risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and osteoarthritis. It also makes them
much more likely to develop several types of cancer.
The growing health disaster is being blamed on the rise of aggressively marketed, fatladen fast food and couchpotato lifestyles.
Around half of British adults are overweight, and 17 per cent of men and 21 per cent of women are obese.
The difference between being overweight and obese lies in a person's Body Mass Index, which is calculated from weight and height. An
adult with a BMI of more than 25 is classed as overweight and one with a BMI of more than 30 is obese.
Britain is the 'fat capital' of Europe, according to researchers from the University of Madrid's School of Medicine whose study is published in
the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
The lowest death rate from being obese and overweight was in France, but the researchers said it was clear that Europe as a whole has a
problem.
The study found that up to 400,000 deaths each year in the EU are directly linked to excess weight.
Of all the deaths in the UK that were linked to excess weight, about 66 per cent were down to obesity, and 33 per cent to being overweight.
In around 70 per cent of overweight-linked cases, the final cause of death was heart disease and in 20 per cent, it was cancer. Overall,
around 12 per cent of heart disease deaths in Britain were due to being overweight, and 5.7 per cent of total deaths from cancer were also
directly caused by being overweight or obese.
Dr Jose Banegas, who led the research, said excess weight is a major public health problem.
'One in two in the EU is obese or overweight,' he added. 'Excess weight may well come to replace smoking as the major killer of adults in the
near future.
'Most countries have not yet made any systematic effort to raise public awareness as to the dangers of obesity.'
As well as being worst for fat-related deaths, the UK tops the smoking mortality league, with 21 per cent of all deaths linked to tobacco.
Obesity costs £2.6billion a year in NHS bills and indirect losses to the economy. Other studies have shown that the percentage of
overweight children in Britain has virtually doubled in the last decade.
Dr Andrew Hill, of Leeds University, said the rate of adult obesity in Britain is rising by one per cent of the population a year.
Doctors say that being obese when you are 40 knocks up to seven years off your life. Obese people who smoke will die more than 13 years
before their time.
Doctors are unsure why France should come out with the lowest rate of deaths due to excess weight. The French do not eat less saturated
fat than the British and have similar cholesterol levels.
It has been suggested that they are protected from heart attacks by drinking alcohol, particularly red wine.
Fat families are to be prescribed a visit to their local Sainsbury's by GPs, where they will be taken by the hand and shown healthy foods.
The supermarket has struck a deal with family doctors and the drug firm Roche under which overweight patients will be offered tours of
selected stores with advice from nutrition experts.
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Morbidity rates refer to the
number of people within a
certain unit of the general
population who have a certain
disease or condition. The unit
of population is generally
100,000, although this may
vary depending on location
and the condition in question.
Morbidity rates are used to
help determine the overall
prevalence of a specific
illness, as well as where the
most instances of the
condition occur when
compared to the population
as a whole.
Researchers use morbidity
rates as general statistical
data in determining how
common a particular
condition is, as well as in
determining which members
of the population are more
likely to become afflicted. For
example, some illnesses are
gender- or race-specific.
Scientists can determine these
things by looking at morbidity
rates among men and women
of the population to find out
who has been affected.
 This data can be used to
provide better care for
patients, as well as to develop
preventative tactics to help
healthy citizens avoid any
risks associated with
contracting the condition.
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Death rates in England and Wales are at their
lowest-ever recorded levels, official figures
show.
Circulatory conditions like heart disease
remain the most common cause of death,
contributing to a third of the deaths
registered. But over the decade, mortality
from these diseases fell by 40% for both men
and women.
Cancer accounted for over a quarter of
deaths in 2009, but death rates from the
disease have also fallen since 1999, by 15% for
men and 12% for women.
Baby boon Infant mortality has also fallen to
its lowest-ever rate, with a rate of under 5 per
1,000 births. This compares with more than 150
per 1,000 a century ago.
The fact fewer people are dying and more of us
are living with heart disease and heart failure,
means it's crucial we stay focused and make
sure people get the treatment and care they
deserve”
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Peter Hollins British Heart Foundation
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Separate research released last year
predicted that babies born today in the UK
and other wealthy nations could expect to
live to 100.
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People in the UK have a higher risk of early death than those in many other wealthy countries, a
study shows.
While deaths before the age of 60 in the UK have nearly halved in the past 40 years, the rate
for women remains similar to Slovenia's and Albania's.
Experts said the large inequality gap was to blame for the findings, which were reported in the
Lancet journal.
Globally, men in Iceland and women in Cyprus had the lowest risk, the Washington Universityled team found.
Smoking and drinking
In the UK, 58 deaths per 1,000 among women were
before the age of 60, while for men the figure stood
at 93.
In western Europe only Danish and Belgian women
had a higher risk than those in the UK.
British men fare a little better as the early death rate
is mid-ranking for western Europe.
Mortality rate is the number of deaths in a group of people,
usually expressed as deaths per thousand. Thus it refers to
the frequency of death or the expected occurrence
among a defined group of people. Hence it is also known
as the death rate. It may be restricted to deaths in specific
age, race, sex, or geographic groups or adjusted to suit a
standard population. Therefore there are a number of
different types of mortality rates depending upon the
population and illness being considered.