Transcript Chapter 4 Animal and Plant Adaptations

Chapter 4
Animal and Plant Adaptations
O’Neal 4th grade team
Chapter 4 Vocabulary
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Adaptation: a structure or behavior that helps a living thing live in
its surroundings.
Adapted: made fit to live under certain conditions.
Protective colorations: colors or patterns on an animal that help
keep the animal from being seen by predators.
Migration: movement from one place to another when the
seasons change.
Hibernate: to spend the winter in a state in which the body
greatly slows down.
Nitrogen: a material that plants need to grow.
Annual: a plant that lives only one year.
Evergreen: a plant that stays green all year, including firs,
spruces, and pines.
Perennial: a plant that can live two years or more.
What is an adaptation?
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An adaptation is a change in an animal’s physical
structure or behavior that helps an animal to
survive in their habitat.
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Examples: The shape of a bird’s beak, number of fingers
and toes, or the color of an animal’s fur.
Physical adaptations do not develop during one
lifetime, but over many generations.
Chapter 4 Lesson 1 How do
Adaptations help Animals and
Plants Survive p.88-91
Example of Adaptation
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The shape of an
animal’s teeth is
related to its diet.
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Herbivores, such as
deer, have many
molars for chewing
tough grass and
plants.
Carnivores, such as
lions, have sharp
canines to kill and tear
meat.
Who experiences adaptations?
All species have experienced adaptation and will
continue to slowly adapt as the next generations
are born.
 We will identify certain species from each of these
groups and the reasons for their success:
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Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Mammals
Endothermic or
warm-blooded
 All have some type of
“hair”
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Some are very
specialized, such as
white polar bear fur
Method of locomotion
 Care for young
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Birds
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Leg Length
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Foot Webbing
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Roseate Spoonbill
(top right)
Laughing Gull
left)
Beak Shape
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Long Billed Curlew
(bottom)
(top
Reptiles
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Ectothermic or
cold- blooded
Scales
Some undergo
hibernation and
estivation
Lay eggs on land
Leg structure and
position
Amphibians
Ectothermic
 Lay eggs in water
 Partially of fully
webbed feet
 Have lungs or can
absorb oxygen through
their skin
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Animal Defense
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Some animals use these
methods of defense to
protect themselves:
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Camouflage
• Snake
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Mimicry
• Mexican Milk Snake
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Bright colors
• Skunk and Poison Arrow
Frog
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“Hair” projections
• Hedgehog quills
• Deer Antlers
Adaptation Applications: Lions
 Why
are the eyes of a lion set in front of the
head rather than on the sides?
 Answer: Eyes
in front of the head allow for
depth perception and ability to judge
distances when hunting.
Adaptation Applications: Lions
 What
is the purpose of the mane on a male
lion? What is the reason for the lion’s color?
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thick mane helps the male to appear larger
and serves as protection for the throat. The
tawny brown coat color camouflages the
animal and young among vegetation.
Adaptation Applications: Giraffe
 Why
are giraffes able to go for long periods
of time without water?
 Answer: Giraffes
drink water when available,
but can go weeks without it. They rely on
morning dew and the water content of their
food.
Adaptation Applications: Giraffe
 How
are their long necks adapted to their
lifestyle?
 Answer: This
extra length is thought to have
evolved to help the giraffe spot predators and
other giraffes in the distance. Interestingly,
giraffes and humans have the same number
of vertebrate in their necks.
Adaptation Applications: Zebras
 How
do zebras defend themselves?
 Capable of
running up to 40 mph. Zebras
defend themselves by kicking and biting.
Coloration also plays a role in evading
predators, although theories have not
reached an agreement.
Adaptation Games
 Animal Adaptations
Game
 Harcourt animal adaptation game
What is
hibernation?
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This is a very special
kind of deep sleep
 It is brought on by
short day lengths,
cold temperatures
and food shortages
Why do animals
hibernate?
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It is a survival
strategy
 Dropping into a deep
hibernation means
animals are using
less energy
 Food is scarce
 Animals miss the cold
seasons
Chapter 4 Lesson 2 How Are
Animals Adapted to Their
Environment? p.92-97
How do animals prepare for
hibernation?
 They
try to put on as much fat as possible
because they wont be eating much during
the winter
 This is called brown fat, which is found
across the back and shoulders, close to an
animal’s organs
 Brown fat works hard to deliver quick
energy to an animal coming out of
hibernation
Can you think of any animals
that hibernate?
Bear
hedgehog
Ladybird
Snake
Squirrels
Bats
Recap
 How
do animals prepare for winter?
 What is hibernation and why do animals
hibernate?
 Identify some animals that hibernate
 What are some dangers of hibernation?
How are plants adapted to their
environment?
 Each
biomes plant adaptations
Chapter4 Lesson 3 How are
plants adapted to Their
Environments
Quia Review Links
 Rags
to Riches