Transcript Rice-Wheat cropping system of Punjab: Issues and Challenges

Rice-Wheat cropping system: Issues and Challenges
Dr. Fahd Rasul
(Outreach organizer, AgMIP)
Assistant Professor, Agronomy, UAF.
RICE IMPORTERS
RICE EXPORTERS
10.8%
10.8%
8000
7000
PAKISTAN:
7225
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Area “000” Acres
6083
5226
5500
6229
6479
6380
6217
7125
6400
5879
8000
PAKISTAN:
PRODUCTION“000” Tons
7000
6952 6883
6280
6000
5547
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
4479
3882
4848
5025
5438
5563
5386
3000
PAKISTAN:
YIELD (Kg/ ha)
2500
2000
2013
1836
1500
1000
500
0
1970
1995
2116
2107
2212
2346
2387
2264
2425
PROVINCE WISE CONTRIBUTION
Sindh
21%
Punjab
69%
Sindh
30%
Baluchistan
Punjab
58%
< KPK >
AREA
PRODUCTION
YIELD GAP
Actual
Potentioal
12000
10000
Yield
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Basmati
IRRI
Variety
Overall
BASMATI RICE
Coarse Rice (This is japonica rice)
Hybrid Rice
International market Rates/ Ton
Coarse
US$ 400
Basmati
US$ 900
Broadcasting of soaked seed
Drilling of dry seed in wattar soil
Sprouted seed
Broadcasting of sprouted seed in
standing water
Manual Line transplanting
Rice-Wheat cropping Zone
• The rice-wheat cropping zone is the bread basket of
Punjab-Pakistan
•
Most of the area is irrigated in this system however, it
also receives 425-800 mm annual rainfall.
Rice crop
Wheat crop
• Rice is 2nd staple grain
food of Pakistan
• Wheat is 1st staple grain
food of Pakistan
• Share in GDP is 0.6% and
2.7 % in value addition
• Share in GDP is 2.2% and
10.1 % in value addition
• Two major groups
-Basmati 48% of total
rice production
-irri (coarse rice) 52% of
total rice production
• Three major groups
-Bold grain size
-Medium grain size
-Small grain size
Issues and challenges to Rice-Wheat system
• Climate change and
variability
• Certified seeds
• Lack improved production
technology
• Water problem
• Soil conditions
• Emission of green house
gases
•
•
•
•
Weeds problem
Exhaustive crops
Delay in sowing of wheat
Terminal heat stress in
wheat
• Insects/pests and
Diseases
The Supply Chain System in
Punjab
Direct from farm
Middle man
Rice Mills
Storage
Wholesaler
(Grain market)
Exporter
Retailer
Re-grading,
grading, packing
packing
shipment
Processing
Consumer
Marine
Air
Consumer
Export Market
Domestic
Domestic Market
Market
17
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
 Provision of certified seeds
 Improved and site specific production technology
 Development of climate resilient crops
 Sequestration of green house gases
 Mitigation and adaptation to climate change
 Surface seeding practice in Wheat
 Laser land leveling (Precision Agriculture)
 Cultivation of aerobic rice
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Cont..
 Bed planting of wheat
 Intensification of Rice-Wheat system
 Crop diversification
 Use of conservation tillage systems
(Zero tillage, no till and reduced tillage practices)
 Integrated pest management
 Integrated nutrient management
CONCLUSION
This system is cornerstone of Pakistan’s economy but its
production is being threatened day by day due to change
in climate
AgMIP-ization