Transcript Lecture 1 - Introduction

LESSON 3 - DIPHTHONGS
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fear
go
house
I
pain
pear
tour
toy
here
know
how
my
play
there
pour
voice
beer
home
down
either
cave
where
hear
bone
loud
eye
reign
air
clear
sew
sigh
made
heir
dear
crow
thai
maid
wear
Don’t
tie
obey
foam
choice
pay
foe
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/ei/ +
schwa
/ai /+
schwa
/au/ +
schwa
/oi/ +
schwa
schwa + /u/
+ schwa
player
fire
hour
royal
lower
liar
power
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Beware of heard
a dreadful word that
looks like beard and
sounds like bird
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
Italian has four diphthongs while English
has eight. All the Italian diphthongs have
equivalents in English which are not the
same but which are reasonably similar

The spelling of diphthongs is
unpredictable
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
Closing diphthongs – which tend to move
from an open to a close position, these
roughly correspond to Italian sounds

Centring diphthongs – which tend
towards a central position
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
“Poor” used to be pronounced like puer in Latin (and still
is in some regions, e.g. Scotland).

Now it tends to be pronounced as a long vowel (like
“door” and “more”)

Is there a difference between the pronunciation of
“poor” and “paw” (zampa) ?
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
Diphthongs are the element in a language
which are most liable to change. The
majority of the characteristics of a given
accent are usually to be found in this area,
so understanding of the underlying
mechanics is vital if one wants to
understand accents and accent change.
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ARGUMENT AND AUDIENCE
Paralinguistic features
Structure and signposts
Language – grammar and vocabulary
Rhetorical features
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
Stance

Movement

Voice – speed, rhythm, volume

Preparation

Slides
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
ARGUMENT = TESI

Overall argument – INCRA will improve agencies
 Three points
 Three “big differences”
 Signposts along the way
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
Setting up the argument
 What is the argument?
 How does she set it up
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
Questions

Imperatives

Imagery and narrative

Repetition

Inclusivity
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