Transcript Diapositive 1

CEFIC stakeholder dialogue on
Nanomaterials
The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
can improve the eco-efficiency of
materials
Nanocyl , Belgium
June 24, 2008
US Offices
Tel : +1 781 261 9778
Fax : +1 781 261 9769
www.nanocyl.com
[email protected]
Nanocyl Headquaters Belgium
Tel : +32 71 750 380
Fax : +32 71 750 390
[email protected]
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Short presentation of Nanocyl
• Medium size Belgian company, spin-off of two
universities: Namur and Liège
• One of the leading producer of carbon
nanotubes and of master batches in Europe
• Production and research facilities in
Sambreville (Belgium)
• Cooperation with various research centres in
Europe
• Proactive participation in toxicological studies
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Interest of CNTs as filler in plastic materials
• Carbon nanotubes: a family of nanomaterials made up
entirely of carbon.
• Structurally, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
consist of multiple layers of graphite superimposed
and rolled in on themselves to form a tubular shape.
• MWCNTs are characterised by
– very high mechanical strength: 5 times lighter than steel and
20 to 100 times stronger depending on the occurrence of
defects in the structure,
– very good electrical conductivity, as conductive as copper
– very good thermal conductivity: same as that of diamond and
more than twice that of copper.
• They can be easily dispersed in plastic materials
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Examples of improved properties (1)
• Conductive compounds
CNT technology allow to prepare conductive compounds with a
loading less than 2-3 % resulting in a weight reduction of 5-15 %
compared to other conductive fillers for comparable performance
Electrical conductivity vs. Carbon loading
1,E+02
1,E+00
Conductivity, S/m
1,E-02
1,E-04
1,E-06
1,E-08
1,E-10
Nanocyl 7000
1,E-12
Standard Carbon Black
1,E-14
Highly conductive Carbon Black
1,E-16
1,E-18
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 14
15
Carbon loading, wt %
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Examples of improved properties (2)
Influence of the additive on Impact strength
3
20
15
10
5
0
MWNT
CB
3
Conductive PC compounds designed with Rv < 10 Ohm.cm
20
15
10
5
0
MWNT
www.nanocyl.com
CF
Influence of the additive on elongontation at break,
Elongation @ break (%)
• Mechanical
CNT allow the production of
thinner parts with the same
mechanical/conductivity
balance than other fillers.
This results in a weight
reduction of ca. 10-20 %
Notched Charpy (kJ/m2)
Conductive PC compounds designed with Rv < 10 Ohm.cm
CF
CB
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Examples of application: weight reduction
• Application in the automotive industry
– CNT technology, through displacement of existing technology
due to better mechanical properties, can result in a reduction
of 10-30 kg per car.
– As a reduction of weight of 100kg results in a reduction of fuel
consumption of 0.5L/100km. (Resource National Canada and
Gent Univ.), a world wide application of CNT technology could
lead to a global reduction of about 1MT of fuel consumption.
• Application in aircraft industry
– CNT technology can allow 10-15 wt% weight reduction at
equal mechanical performances
– This would lead to a kerosene saving of 0.7-1.5 m³/plane/flight
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Examples of application: fire protection
• CNT can be used as non halogenated flame retardant
– Improvement of thermal stability: about 100°C for polyethylene in a
classical test
– With a lower filler content: from 40-60 % to 20-30 %
– With a weight reduction of : 5-25 %
– With less thread to the environment
• CNT can improve thermal protection coating
– Protection of metal and other substrate by a thin layer of plastic
material containing less than 1wt% of additive, instead of
commercial solutions containing 40 % of additive
– This leads to weight reduction in insulation.
– In aircraft tankers for example: reduction of 2-5 kg per tanker with
the consecutive reduction of kerosene consumption.
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Examples of application: anti-fouling
Anti fouling is saving 120 million tons of fuel per year
To avoid adverse effects in the environment, new non-biocidal
antifouling technologies are needed
Biological evaluation of CNT based resin
Adhesion strength of young adult barnacles
• Much lower
adhesion strength
• No more trace of
basal plate
remaining attached
to the surface
force per unit area (N.mm -2)
0,3
0,25
0,2
« theoretical lower adhesion limit »
0,15
0,1
0,05
0
T2
T2
www.nanocyl.com
Unfilledresin
PDMS CNT
0.05 based
% CNTsresin
unfilled
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Benefits: summary
• In all these examples the use of CNT
provides the following benefits:
– less resources needed due to better efficiency,
weight reduction and waste reduction
– less energy consumption leading to less CO2
emission
– better eco-efficiency: in fire protection and antifouling
– longer life cycle by improvement of ageing
resistance
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Hazard assessment of CNTs
• Toxicology studies carried out by
Nanocyl according to OECD protocols:
– No acute dermal toxicity: no local
irritation, no sensitization (Namur
university, Straticell, JRC-Ispra)
– No in vitro mutagenicity (Ames test)
– No in vitro cytotoxicity (JRC –Ispra)
– In vivo inhalation studies going on (OECD
413 (90 days) :GLP study at BASF)
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
European cooperation in HSE
• Nanocyl is involved in several EU projects
dealing with HSE issues
• Nanocyl is member of the PACTE sector
group within CEFIC, in which the European
carbon nanotubes producers are sharing
HSE information, developing research
projects and reviewing the safest ways of
handling CNTS at production site and along
the user chain (code of conduct)
• Nanocyl: a SME well active in risk research
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Exposure assessment of CNTs (1)
Only a small fraction of CNTs is inhalable
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Exposure assessment of CNTs (2)
Difficulties in measuring particle size distribution in the nano
range: cooperation with Naneum to develop detection devices.
Example of particle size distribution of an artificially produced
aerosol
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Exposure assessment of CNTs (3)
Minimising workers exposure
– Production in closed process
– Protective equipment and ventilation to
reduce possible exposure
– MSDS and Code of conduct provided to
customers
No direct environmental exposure
– Closed process
– Nanotubes embedded in polymer matrices
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Prospective
• Use of the results of EU research projects on
toxicity of nanomaterials
• Definition of an OEL for workers?
• Measure of concentration and particle size
distribution in air and comparison to
background in production, research and
development.
• Registration under REACH
• Willingness to be transparent: LCA and risk
benefits analysis
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Thank you for your attention
Question time
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Differences: CNT vs. asbestos
Carbon nanotubes
Nanoscale and low rigidity
Spaghetti like agglomerates
www.nanocyl.com
Asbestos
Micro scale and high rigidity
Bundle like agglomerates
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Differences: CNT vs. asbestos
• According to Donaldson
“Short or curly carbon nanotubes did not
behave like asbestos, and by knowing the
possible dangers of long, thin carbon
nanotubes, we can work to control them. It’s
a good news story, not a bad one. It shows
that carbon nanotubes and their products
could be made to be safe.”
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Examples of improved properties (3)
• Longer life product  improved life cycle
Ageing
Photo-oxidation
0,6
0,07
1% with PE coating
0,5
PE
PE + MWNT
0,06
0,1% without coating
1% without coating
0,05
0,4
0,04
U.A.
concentration of carbonyl groups (mol/l)
0,1% with PE coating
0,3
0,2
0,03
0,02
0,01
0,1
(a)
0,00
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time (h)
www.nanocyl.com
30
35
40
45
0
100
200
300
Time (h)
400
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Examples of application: fire protection (2)
400
350
Temperature (°C)
300
250
200
150
unprotected Aluminium
100
THERMOCYL 1 mm
THERMOCYL 2 mm
50
THERMOCYL 4 mm
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Time (sec.)
•Thermal barrier coating ThermoCyl
•ISO 2685/ 1100°C / 116±10 kW/m2
This document is the property of NANOCYL SA
•www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com
Interest of CNT in plastic processing
• Through their action on the viscosity, CNT can
improve by a factor of 5 the productivity in
extrusion of thermoplastic polyurethane
• In injection moulding, the use of CNT can
reduce the distortion of injected parts and
then reduce industrial waste during the
processing and in particular during the
development phase.
www.nanocyl.com
Industry leader in carbon
nanotubes-01|07
www.nanocyl.com