Transcript Slide 1

MIS
CHAPTER 14
EMERGING TRENDS,
TECHNOLOGIES, AND
APPLICATIONS
Hossein BIDGOLI
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
learning outcomes
LO1
Summarize new trends in software and service
distribution.
LO2
Describe virtual reality components and
applications.
LO3
LO4
LO5
Discuss uses of radio frequency identification.
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Explain quick response codes.
Summarize new uses of biometrics.
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s (cont’d.)
LO6
Describe new trends in networking, including grid,
utility, and cloud computing.
LO7
Discuss uses of nanotechnology.
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Trends in Software and Service Distribution
• Recent trends in software and service
distribution include:
– Pull and push technologies
– Application service providers
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Pull and Push Technologies
• Pull technology
– User states a need before getting information
– Entering a URL in a Web browser to go to a certain
Web site
• Push technology (Webcasting)
– Web server delivers information to users who have
signed up for this service
– Supported by many Web browsers
– Also available from vendors
– Delivers content to users automatically at set intervals
or when a new event occurs
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Pull and Push Technologies (cont’d.)
• Examples of push technology:
– “A newer version of Adobe Flash is available. Would
you like to install it?”
– Research In Motion (RIM) offers a new BlackBerry
push API
– Microsoft Direct Push from AT&T
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Application Service Providers
• Application service providers (ASPs)
– Provides access to software or services for a fee
• Software as a service (SaaS), or ondemand software
– Model for ASPs to deliver software to users for a fee
– Software might be for temporary or long-term use
– Users don’t need to be concerned with new software
versions and compatibility problems
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Application Service Providers (cont’d.)
• Users can also save all application data on the
ASP’s server
– Software and data are portable
• The SaaS model can take several forms:
– Software services for general use
– A specific service
– A service in a vertical market
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Application Service Providers (cont’d.)
• Advantages:
– Similar to outsourcing
• Less expensive
• Delivering information more quickly
• Other advantages and disadvantages
• Vendors:
– Google, Microsoft, Salesforce, NetSuite, Basecamp,
and Mint
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Virtual Reality
• Virtual reality (VR):
– Computer-generated, 3D images to create the illusion
of interaction in a real-world environment
– Began with military fight simulations in the 1960s
– In the 1990s, Japan’s Matsushita virtual kitchen
• Customers changed fixtures and appliances
• The design could be altered on a computer
• Virtually walked around the kitchen space
• First VR system designed for general public use
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Virtual Reality (cont’d.)
• VR terms:
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Simulation
Interaction
Immersion
Telepresence
Full-body immersion
Networked communication
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Types of Virtual Environments
• Egocentric environment
– User is totally immersed in the VR world
– Most common technology used with this environment
is a head-mounted display (HMD)
• Exocentric environment
– Data is still rendered in 3-D
– Users can only view it onscreen
– Main technology used in this environment is 3-D
graphics
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Exhibit 14.1
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Egocentric VR Technologies
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Components of a Virtual Reality System
• Visual and aural systems
• Manual control for navigation
• Central coordinating processor and software
system
• Walker
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Exhibit 14.2
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VR Components
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
CAVE
• Cave automatic virtual environment
(CAVE)
– Virtual environment consisting of a cube-shaped room
in which the walls are rear-projection screens
• Uses holographic devices that create, capture,
and display images in true 3-D form
• People can:
– Enter CAVEs in other locations
• No matter how far away they are geographically
– Interact with the other users
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
CAVE (cont’d.)
• High-speed digital cameras capture one user’s
presence and movements
– Then re-create and send these images to users in
other CAVEs
• Used for research in many fields:
– Archaeology, architecture, engineering, geology, and
physics
• Some engineering companies use CAVEs to
improve product design and development
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Exhibit 14.3
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Example of a CAVE
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Virtual Reality Applications
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Military flight simulations
Medicine for “bloodless” surgery
Entertainment industry
Will one day be used for user interfaces in
information systems
• Current business applications:
– Assistance for the disabled
– Architectural design
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Virtual Reality Applications (cont’d.)
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Education
Flight simulation
Videoconferencing
Group support systems
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Obstacles in Using VR Systems
• Not enough fiber-optic cables are currently
available for a VR environment capable of recreating a conference
• Problems must be solved:
– Confusion between the VR environment and the real
environment
– Mobility and other problems with HMDs
– Difficulty representing sound
– Need for additional computing power
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Virtual Worlds
• Simulated environment designed for users to
interact via avatars
• Avatar
– 2D or 3D graphical representation of a person in the
virtual world
– Used in chat rooms and online games
• Strategy Analytics predicts that 640 million
people worldwide will inhabit virtual worlds
– By 2015
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Virtual Worlds (cont’d.)
• With avatars, users can:
– Manipulate objects
– Experience a limited telepresence
– Communicate using text, graphical icons, and sound
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Virtual Worlds (cont’d.)
• Widely used virtual worlds
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Active Worlds
Club Penguin
EGO
Entropia Universe
Habbo
Runescape
Second Life
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Radio Frequency Identification: An Overview
• Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag
– Small electronic device consisting of a small chip and
an antenna
– Provides a unique identification for the card or the
object carrying the tag
– Do not have to be in contact with the scanner to be
read
– Can be read from a distance of about 20 feet
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Radio Frequency Identification: An Overview (cont’d.)
• Two types of RFID tags:
– Passive
• No internal power supply
– They can be very small
• Best ones have about 10 years of battery life
– Active
– Usually more reliable than passive tags
• Technical problems and issues of privacy and
security
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Table 14.1
RFID applications
RFID Applications
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Quick Response Codes
• QR (quick response) code: Matrix barcode,
black modules arranged in a square pattern on a
white background
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High storage capacity
Small printout size
Dirt and dust resistance
Readable from any direction
Compatible with the Japanese character set
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Biometrics: A Second Look
• Current and future applications of biometrics:
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ATM, credit, and debit cards
Network and computer login security
Web page security
Voting
Employee time clocks
Member identification in sport clubs
Airport security and fast check-in
Passports and highly secured government ID cards
Sporting events
Cell phones and smart cards
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Trends in Networking
• Recent trends in networking technologies
• Many are already used
– Wireless technologies and grid computing
• Newer but attracting a lot of attention:
– WiMAX and cloud computing
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Wi-Fi
• Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)
– Broadband wireless technology
• Information can be transmitted over short
distances
– In the form of radio waves
• Connect
– Computers, mobile phones and smart phones, MP3
players, PDAs, and game consoles
– Wi-Fi hotspots
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
WiMAX
• Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access (WiMAX)
– Broadband wireless technology
– Based on the IEEE 802.16 standards
• Designed for wireless metropolitan area
networks
• Theoretically has faster data transfer rates and a
longer range than Wi-Fi
• Disadvantages:
– Interference from other wireless devices, high costs,
and interruptions from weather conditions
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Bluetooth
• Wireless technology for transferring data over
short distances
• Can be used to create a personal area network
(PAN)
• Popular as a safer method of talking on cell
phones while driving
• Uses a radio technology called Frequency
Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Bluetooth (cont’d.)
• Used to connect devices such as:
– Computers, global positioning systems (GPSs), mobile
phones, laptops, printers, and digital cameras
• No line-of-sight limitations
• Limited transfer rate
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Grid Computing
• Combining the processing powers of various
computers
• “Node”
– Each participant in a grid
• Processing on overused nodes can be switched
to idle servers and even desktop systems
• Advantages:
– Improved reliability
– Parallel processing nature
– Scalability
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Utility (On-Demand) Computing
• Provision of IT services on demand
• Users pay for computing or storage resources on
an as-needed basis
• Main advantages
– Convenience and cost savings
• Drawbacks
– Privacy and security
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Cloud Computing
• Platform incorporating many recent technologies
under one platform, including
– SaaS model, Web 2.0, grid computing, and utility
computing
• Nearly all tech vendors are involved in cloud
computing
• Example:
– Editing Word document on an iPhone
• Same advantages and disadvantages as
distributed computing
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Cloud Computing (cont’d.)
• Services typically require a fee
• Some are free
• Google Apps
– Includes Gmail, Google Talk, and Google Docs
– Provides commonly used applications accessed via a
Web browser
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Public, Private, Hybrid, and Community Clouds: Which
One to Choose
• Choose based on security needs and level of
involvement IT managers require
• Public: Users connect with an off-site
infrastructure over the Internet
• Private: Services and the infrastructure are run
on a private network
• Hybrid: A collection of at least one private and
at least one public cloud
• Community: Use by a specific community of
users from organizations with common concerns
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Cloud Computing Security
• Risks
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Privileged user access
Regulatory compliance
Data location
Data segregation
Recovery
Investigative support
Long-term viability
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Nanotechnology
• Incorporates techniques that involve the
structure and composition of materials on a
nanoscale
• Nanometer is one billionth of a meter
• Current technology for miniaturizing transistors
and other components might reach its limit in
the next decade
• Some consumer goods incorporating
nanotechnology are already on the market
– Nanomaterials
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Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications
Summary
• New trends in:
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Software as a service
Virtual reality
RFID technologies and QR codes
Networking, including Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and Bluetooth
Grid, utility, and cloud computing
Nanotechnology
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