Transcript The Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems

1/04/12 The Human Body
Objective: To learn the systems of the body,
their functions, and how they are related
Bell work: Let’s see how much you know
about your systems!
Then, a quick pre-assessment to see what you
know about the 11 systems of the body!
What do you know?
You have 10 minutes to complete the
Human Body Pre-Assessment on the
front of your INB sheet by matching the
body system with its function. If you finish
before time is up, move on to the Medical
Jargon sheet.
“Jar-WHAT?!?!?” Look at the sheet and
try to infer what the word “jargon” means.
Using the terminology on the left, try to
determine the meaning of the words on
the right. Then match the term with its
correct meaning.
1/6/12 The Largest Organ: SKIN!
Objective: To learn the
structure and function of the
Integumentary System.
Bell Work: Put the terms in
the correct order from most
simple to most complex:
SKIN
OIL GLAND
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
EPIDERMAL CELL
Made up of
the skin,
hair, and
nails
Skin has four main functions
1. Protection - forms a protective covering
over the body
a. Prevents infection and water loss
2. Help us sense our environment- touch
3. Formation of Vitamin D
4. Regulation of body temperature
a. Blood vessels in skin help release/hold heat
b. Perspiration or sweating to keep cool and
shivering to keep warm
Your skin is the largest organ of your body.
Skin is made up of three layers of tissue:
1. Epidermis - the outer,
thinnest layer
a. Outermost cells are dead
and rub off
b. New cells are constantly
made at the base/bottom of
the epidermis.
c. Cells produce melanin pigment that protects your
skin and gives it color
2. Dermis - the middle layer
a. Contains blood vessels, nerve fibers,
muscles, oil, sweat glands, and other
structures.
3. Fatty layer - covers and insulates the
body
Skin Cross-section
1/07/12 The Muscular System
Objective: To learn the structure
and function of the muscular
system
Bell Work: Put the terms in the
correct order from most simple to
most complex:
SKELETAL MUSCLE
STRIATED MUSCLE CELL
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
BICEP
Now, the Muscular System…
Muscle - an organ that can relax and contract,
which moves your body.
1. Voluntary muscles - muscles you can
control (bicep)
2. Involuntary muscles - muscles you
cannot control (heart)
There are three types
of muscle tissue
1.Skeletal muscles
move bones
a.Tendons connect
muscle to bone
b.Voluntary
c.Contract quickly and
tire more easily
d.Look striped or
striated
Draw & Label the
striated muscle in the
circle on your paper
2. Smooth Muscles - found in digestive
tract and blood vessels
a.Involuntary
b.Ex: Muscles in the stomach
Draw & Label the smooth muscle in the circle
on your paper
3. Cardiac Muscle
a. Found only in the heart
b. Is striated (striped)
c. Involuntary
Draw and Label the cardiac muscle in the circle on
your paper
You move because pairs of muscles work
together
1.When one muscle of a pair contracts, the
other relaxes
2.Muscles always pull
3.Blood carries energy-rich nutrients to the
muscles so they can do their work.
1/08/12 Dem Crazy Bones!
Objective: To learn the
function and structure of the
skeletal system.
Bell Work: Put the terms in the
correct order from most simple
to most complex (use your root
words for the ones you don’t
know!)
MARROW
SKULL
SKELETAL SYSTEM
OSTEOCYTE
1. Cranium (skull)
Bones of the Skeleton
2. Frontal (forehead)
(left side)
3. Mandible (jaw)
4. Cervical Vertebrae (neck - 6)
5. Thoracic Vertebrae (vertebrae with ribs – 12)
6. Xiphoid Process
7. Lumbar Vertebrae (lower back – 5)
8. Illium (hipbone)
9. Sacrum
10. Coccyx (tailbone)
11. Ischium (buttbone)
12. True ribs (directly attached to sternum)
13. False ribs (attached to sternum by cartilage)
14. Floating ribs (not attached at all)
15. Intercostal cartilage
16. Nasal bone
17. Ocular Orbit (eye socket)
Bones of the Skeleton
18. Maxilla (upper jaw)
(right side)
•
Clavicle (collar bone)
•
Scapula (shoulder blade)
•
Sternum (breast bone)
•
Humerus (upper arm)
•
Radius (closest to the thumb)
•
Ulna (furthest from thumb) “Ulna you didn’t!”
•
Carpals (wrist bones)
•
Metacarpals (palm of hand)
•
Phalanges (fingers)
•
Femur (thigh bone)
•
Patella (knee cap)
•
Tibia (shin bone)
•
Fibula (I told a “little fib”ula)
•
Calcaneous (heel bone)
•
Tarsals (ankle bones)
•
Metatarsals (sole of foot)
•
Phalanges (toes)
The Skeletal System
All the bones in your body make up your
skeletal system - has five major
functions
1. Shapes and supports body
2. Protects organs
3. Movement
4. Blood cells are made in bone marrow
5. Stores calcium and phosphorus
Bone Structure
1. Periostium - soft thin substance that covers
and protects the bone
2. Compact bone – tough, hard bone that can
heal itself when broken
3. Spongy bone – contains red marrow which
makes red blood cells that carry oxygen and
carbon dioxide throughout the day
4. Marrow – soft, inner center of bones
containing blood vessels and fat cells.
Manufactures blood cells
Your skeleton
begins as
cartilage, which is
gradually broken
down and replaced
with bone which is
why babies have
more bones (300)
than adults (which
have 206).
Introduction to Joints
Joint - any place where two or more bones
come together
• Cartilage - rubbery tissue that cushions
bones , located at joints
• Ligament – attaches bone to bone
Types of Joints
1. Fixed joint
a. Allows little movement
ex: joints of the bones
in your skull
2. Pivot Joint
a. One bone rotates
around another bone
ex: turning your head
3. Ball-and-socket joint
a. The ball end of one
bone fits into a cuplike
cavity on another
bone.
ex: Shoulder joint
4. Hinge joint
a. Back and forth
ex: knee
5. Sliding joint
a. One part of a bone slides over another
bone.
ex: Hand bone (bones in your palm)