Maritime Challenges

Lt Cdr Sebastian Hamann N5 Maritime Component Command Northwood/UK

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Content

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AU’s Tasks and Objectives Approaches to the Objectives How to do it NATO Counter Piracy as one Example Situational Awareness around Africa Information Sharing

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The Global Maritime Environment and the World Trade

“Whosoever commands the trade of the world, commands the riches of the world and hence the world itself.”

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Sir Walter Raleigh 1554-1618

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AU Maritime Tasks and Objective

  Establish interoperable Maritime HQs in order to improve maritime situational awareness and increase effectiveness of law enforcement agencies.

Assumed Objective of African Union’s efforts:  “improve African maritime Security and Safety standards as well as African maritime economy for more wealth creation from its oceans and seas” (Draft Strategy p. 11 para 9.) NATO UNCLASSIFIED 4

Approaches to the Objectives

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Surveillance

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Information sharing

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Action

Can you spot the threat?

How to do it?

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Watch

:  AIS  Coastal Radar  Patrols (Ships and Aircraft)  Information from ports and Flag States (ISPS, LRIT)  Information from other agencies (police, customs,...)  Internet Services (“Web scraping”) 

Cooperate and share

: Reports from merchant community:  Voluntary reporting of own movements  Reports of suspicious behaviour/incidents 

Fuse the different pieces into one common picture in a maritime HQ.

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AIS Deficiencies

• AIS only provides data from vessels above 300ts.

• Illegal activities are mostly carried by small vessels.

• Ships can easily switch off the system.

• Anomaly investigation still be needed. NATO UNCLASSIFIED 7

NATO Counter piracy: one example

•The Indian Ocean averages approx 5000 merchants • Data sources available until 4Q 2010: • Voluntary reporting via UK MTO • Reports from units = A very poor Picture • Additions as of Jan 2011: • Satellite based AIS • LRIT data from Panama • LRIT data from IMO = 3500 tracks, • 70% coverage and a lot better information NATO UNCLASSIFIED 8

Situational Awareness around Africa NATO Active Endeavour World Trade

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90% of global trade volume by sea

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10,000 cargo destinations

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50.000 ocean going ships

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95% of maritime trade travels through 9 chokepoints

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Combined Counter piracy OPS

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Key Issues for info sharing

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Understand each player’s own capacities and  roles Coast Guard and Navy, Police and Customs, who does what?

2. Make info sharing possible  Legal agreements need to be in place for info sharing 3. Liaise with existing players  Some information is already available (ISPS, Active Endeavour, UKMTO, MERCURY...) NATO UNCLASSIFIED 10

Info sharing: other remarks

 How much to share  Policy towards sharing  Categories of information  Sharing information across security domains (police/states)  Developing and maintaining metadata standards and registries  Establishment of priorities (Who gets what first?) NATO UNCLASSIFIED 11

Running a system of HQs

 Strategy  Doctrine  Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)  Training  Linkage between HQ and with Agencies NATO UNCLASSIFIED 12

Summary

 In order to act, one needs to know what is going on.

 In order to know what is going on, one can use the many sources of information that are already existing.

 In order to share information, legal and organizational issues are most important.

 Then one can take action !

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Thanks for your attention.

Questions?

Lt Cdr Sebastian Hamann N5 Maritime Component Command Northwood/UK

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