Transcript Culture VI – Ethnicity and Race

Culture V – Ethnicity and
Race
Ethnicity vs. Race
• Ethnic Group or Ethnicity
– Cultural traits shared by a group of people
– Closely linked w/Nationality
• Nationality is identity w/a group of people through legal
attachment (country of origin)
• Race
– Characteristics that can be transmitted genetically
from parent to offspring
– Physical characteristics of a common genetic heritage
• African American vs. Black
Counting the Races
• US Census
– US Census race classifications
– Population Estimates
• What is this information used for?
• What is the purpose of knowing the races?
• What do people identify more with, race or
ethnicity?
Race in the USA
• Historically, race relations in the USA has been to discourage
of spatial interaction
– Laws and policies
– Cultural preferences or discrimination
– Based on racism
• “Separate but Equal” – 1896
• “Jim Crow” laws
– Housing and Ghettos
Race in the USA
• Brown vs. Board of
Education of Topeka, KS –
1954
• “White Flight” and
“Blockbusting”
• Detroit
– Whites
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1950 – 1.7 million
1960 – 1.3 million
1970 – 900,000
1980 – 500,000
1990 – 300,000
2000 – 200,000
– Blacks
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1950 – 300,000
1960 – 500,000
1970 – 700,000
1990 – 800,000
2000 – 800,000
Race in South Africa
• Apartheid
– Established by whites –
Boers/Afrikaners
– British defeated Boers in
1902
– 1948 – Afrikaners gained
control of gov’t through
elections
– Newborns classified in to 1
of 4 races
• White, black, colored (mix),
or Asian
– Established 10
“homelands” for blacks
Race in South Africa
• End of Apartheid
– 1991 – white dominated
gov’t repealed laws
– African National
Congress legalized
• Nelson Mandela released
from jail after 27 years
• Nelson Mandela was
elected president in
1994
Distribution of Ethnicities in the
USA
•
2 largest ethnic groups
1. Hispanic or Latino – 14%
2. African American – 12%
•
Distribution of ethnicities at 2 scales
1. Within regions of a country
2. Within neighborhoods of cities
Distribution of African Americans in the USA
Distribution of Hispanic Americans in the
USA
Concentration of Ethnicities in
Cities
• African Americans
– ¼ of Americans live in
cities
– ½ of African Americans
live in cities
• MI
– Detroit - 85%
– Rest of State – 7%
• Hispanic Americans
– North – similar to
African Americans
– South
• CA
– Los Angeles – 50%
– Rest of State – state
average
• TX
– San Antonio and El Paso
– 50%
– Rest of State – state
average
Concentration of Ethnicities in
Neighborhoods Ethnic Groups in Chicago
• Immigration in early
20th century to
Northern cities due to
manufacturing
industries
• Ethnic groups clustered
in neighborhoods –
chain migration
Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles
1.
African American Migration
Immigration fromPatterns
Africa in the 18th
century
African American Migration
Patterns
2. Immigration from
South to North during
1st half of 20th century
a) WWI
b) WWII
African American Migration
Patterns
3. Immigration from
inner-city ghettos to
other urban
neighborhoods