Transcript OVERVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ALMATY PROGRAMME …

GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ALMATY
PROGRAMME OF ACTION (APoA)
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Ms Heidi Schroderus-Fox, Director, UN-OHRLLS
[email protected]
APoA to address special Challenges of LLDCs
 Lack of territorial access to the sea
 Remoteness and isolation from world markets
 Dependence on neighboring and coastal countries for imports and
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exports of goods
Infrastructure development costs are high
Dependence on narrow range of commodities for exports
Limited human and productive capacities and weak institutions
Inadequate and inefficient transport infrastructure
Reliance on infrastructure and institutional quality in transit
countries
High vulnerability to external shocks
“ If you are coastal, you serve the World. If you are landlocked,
you serve neighbors” (Paul Collier, Professor of Economics at The
Oxford University)
Almaty Programme of Action:
Building Genuine Partnerships
Between landlocked developing countries, transit
developing countries and development partners on
the following 5 priority areas:
i) Fundamental transit policy issues
ii) Infrastructure development and maintenance
iii) International trade and trade facilitation
iv) International support measures
v) Implementation and review
Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction
Average annual GDP growth 2003-2011
varies between countries
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
Poverty headcount ratio at 1.25 dollars per day (% of
total pop) has decreased but still high. LLDCs will
unlikely achieve the MDGs by 2015
 38 per cent of LLDC
population still live on less
than $1.25 per day and per
person
 Half of LLDCs continue to
have mortality rates in
excess of 150 per 1000 live
births
 Efforts to narrow the
gender inequality have
been recorded but much
needs to be done in areas of
education and labor market
LLDCs have made progress in facilitating transport and
trade across borders, BUT still it takes almost double the
time it takes transit countries to export or import
Exports
Documents to export
(number)
Time to export
(days)
Cost to export
(US$ per container)
2006
2013
2006
2013
2006
2013
Average LLDCs
9
8
48
42
2,207
3,040
Average transit countries
8
8
30
23
1,004
1,268
Imports
Documents to import
(number)
Time to import
(days)
Cost to import
(US$ per container)
2006
2013
2006
2013
2006
2013
Average LLDCs
11
10
57
48
2,688
3,643
Average transit countries
10
8
38
27
1,282
1,567
Costs to export and import have increased by 38 and 36 per cent
respectively between 2006 and 2013
- Bolivia: 21 days and $1,440 to export and 24 days and $1,745 to
import a container
- Paraguay: 29 days and $1,850 to export and 30 days and $2,275
to import a container (World Bank Doing Business Report 2014)
The percentage of paved roads in LLDCs is low, compared to
other groups of countries
Percentage of Paved Roads
LLDCs merchandise exports grew by 36 per cent to
reach a record-high of $224 billion in 2011. Imports
recorded an increase of 23 per cent.
…..BUT LLDCs account for a very low proportion of only 1.2 per
cent of the world trade
After rising by 60 per cent in real terms between 2003 and
2010, ODA flows to LLDCs fell by 3.3 per cent from $26.5
billion in 2010 to $25.7 billion in 2011
Aid for Trade to LLDCs reached $6.4 billion in 2011, a 70 per
cent increase since 2005. Most flows are directed to economic
infrastructure and building productive capacity
FDI inflows to LLDCs have reached $34.8 billion in 2011 and 2012,
growing by 24 per cent since the previous year and up from just
$8.9 billion in 2003
Emerging Challenges
 Landlocked developing countries are negatively
affected by:

Economic and financial crisis

High and volatile food and energy prices

Climate Change, land degradation, desertification
and drought
New Opportunities
 South-South and Triangular Cooperation
 Remittances
 ICT as an enabler fro development
 Services Sector
 Tourism
South-South Cooperation
 LLDCs increasingly benefit from external support under South-
South cooperation
 South-South cooperation, in particular from transit countries,
offers potential for increased financial and technical assistance
for LLDCs:
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Increased FDI
Increased market access and diversified trade opportunities
Peer-to-peer sharing of experiences and best practices
Cooperation in transfer of technology
Regional economic integration and cooperation
Remittances to LLDCs in 2012 estimated at $22bn.
Only 5% of total remittances to developing countries
Reducing high cost of remittances remains key.
Remittance inflows in 2012 (% of GDP)
Remittance inflows in 2012 (US$ million)
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
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High growth of mobile telephones and internet
use, but LLDCs still lag behind other groups of
countries
The cellular subscriptions (per 100
inhabitants) increased from 6.4 per
cent to 78.2 per cent between 2003
and 2012
The average percentage of internet
users increased from 2.2 per cent to
18.2 per cent between 2003 and
2012
80.0
140.0
70.0
120.0
60.0
100.0
Developed
Developing
80.0
Developed
50.0
Developing
LLDCs
40.0
LLDCs
60.0
Transit
30.0
Transit
40.0
World
World
20.0
20.0
10.0
-
0.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Roadmap for the Preparatory Process
UN-OHRLLS
Parallel Thematic
Roundtables
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2014
(Venue TBC)
Side Events
Parallel Private Sector Track
(Investment Forum)
Exhibition
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Inter-Agency
Consultative
Group
Meetings
10 February 2012,
New York
6 December 2012,
Geneva
10 June 2013, New
York
PreConference
Thematic
Events
May 2012
through
Spring 2014
Relevant Intergovernmental
Processes
2011-2013:
Intergovernmental Preparatory
Committee
January and April 2014
New York
Regional Review Meetings:
Africa (ECA) – Addis Ababa, July 2013
Asia and Europe (ECE and ESCAP) –
Vientiane, March 2013
Latin America (ECLAC) – Asuncion,
November 2013
Private Sector
Track Events
2013-14
th
UN GA sessions (66 ,
th
th
67 and 68 )
UNCTAD XIII
UNCTAD Global
Services Summit
th
WTO 9 Ministerial
Conference
Rio +20 Conference
December 2013,
Geneva
1 Meeting in 2014
Post 2015
Development Agenda
Regional
Commissions’
sessions: ESCAP, ECE,
ECA, ECLAC
THANK YOU
Please Visit the Website: www.unohrlls.org