Transcript Nessun titolo diapositiva

Italian GHG Inventory
Waste sector
Barbara Gonella
APAT
Agency for the protection of the environment and for
technical services
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Institutions involved in the compiling
of national emission inventory
The national Agency for the Protection of the
environment and for Technical services (APAT) is
responsible for the compilation of the national air
emission inventory – including the waste sector through the collection, elaboration and diffusion of
data, in the framework of the United Nation
Convention on Climate Change and the UNECE
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air
Pollutant.
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Relevance of the waste sector for Italy
in 2003 (GHG in CO2eq)
2%
0,4%
7%
7%
84%
1. Energy
3. Solvent and Other Product Use
6. Waste
2. Industrial Processes
4. Agriculture
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Key categories
 In the following box, key and non-key sources of the waste
sector are presented based on level, trend or both.
 CH4 emissions from landfills and from wastewater handling,
and N2O emissions from wastewater handling, are key sources
according to both level and trend assessment.
CO2
6.A Solid Waste Disposal on Land
6.D Other (Compost Production)
N2O
KE Y ( L, T )
6.B Wastewater Handling
6.C Waste Incineration
CH4
N O N KE Y
KE Y ( L2 , T 2 )
KE Y ( L2 , T 2 )
N O N KE Y
N O N KE Y
N O N KE Y
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Relevance of the sub-sources in the waste
sector in 2003 (GHG in CO2eq)
4,3%
19,6%
76,1%
6A. Solid waste disposal on land
6C. Waste incineration
6B. Wastewater handling
6D. Other (compost production)
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Methodologies, procedures, sources of
activity data to estimate GHG emissions
from waste sector
N2O
Activity
Data
Method
applied
CH4
Activity
Data
man.
IP C C
T ie r 2
N a t io na l
S t a t is t ic s
IP C C D e f a ult
a nd C o unt ry
S pe c if ic
unman.
IP C C
T ie r 2
N a t io na l
S t a t is t ic s
IP C C D e f a ult
a nd C o unt ry
S pe c if ic
ind.
IP C C
D e f a ult
N a t io na l a nd
Int e rna t io na l
S t a t is t ic s
IP C C
D e f a ult
IP C C
D e f a ult
N a t io na l a nd
Int e rna t io na l
S t a t is t ic s
C o rina ir
dom.
IP C C
D e f a ult
N a t io na l
S t a t is t ic s
IP C C
D e f a ult
IP C C
D e f a ult
N a t io na l
S t a t is t ic s
IP C C
D e f a ult
IP C C
D e f a ult
N a t io na l
S t a t is t ic s
C o rina ir
IP C C
D e f a ult
N a t io na l
S t a t is t ic s
C o unt ry
S pe c if ic
C o unt ry
S pe c if ic
N a t io na l
S t a t is t ic s
C o unt ry
S pe c if ic
Method
applied
CO2
Activity
Data
Emission
Factor
Emission
Factor
Method
applied
Emission
Factor
6.A
6.B
6.C
6.D
IP C C
D e f a ult
N a t io na l
S t a t is t ic s
C o unt ry
S pe c if ic
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Main sources of activity data
Annual Report by APAT
specifically on Waste
Production and
Management
(available from 1996)
Communications by
Waste Management
Industrial Union
Yearly Report by the
National Statistic Institute
Yearly Report by
the National
Energy Manager
Sector Studies by
Environmental Ministry
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Critical assumption and parameters to
estimate GHG emissions from waste sector
Solid Waste Disposal on Land
 WASTE COMPOSITION: Study at national level available for
1995; improvement are expected due to entering in force of
landfill Directive.
 CH4 FRACTION IN BIOGAS (F): IPCC value (50%); improvement
are expected due to entering in force of landfill Directive.
 CH4 RECOVERED:
 Data on landfill gas flared available for 1991-1992-1993.
 Data on energy recovered from landfill gas, available
yearly from 1990 published by the National Energy
Manager.
 Recent research (2003), quite complete, for Lombardy
Region on landfill gas recovered (both flared and energy
use).
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Critical assumption and parameters to
estimate GHG emissions from waste sector
Solid Waste Disposal on Land
Waste Composition
Food
Garden and park
Paper
Textiles
Wood and staw
National
Waste
composition by
weight
(KgRSUi/100Kg
wet RSU)
National
National
National
National
IPCC
Fraction of
Organic Carbon
Biodegradable Biodegradable
Biodegradable
Moisture content
content
Organic Carbon Organic Carbon
Organic Carbon
(KgC/Kg dry
(KgC/100Kg wet (KgC/100Kg wet
%
%
RSU)
RSU)
RSU)
26,31
60%
0,48
80%
4,04
3,95
4,48
50%
0,48
70%
0,75
1,05
30,13
8%
0,44
50%
6,10
12,05
5,13
10%
0,55
20%
0,51
2,05
-
20%
0,50
50%
11,40
19,10
National
National
L0
(KgCH4/tRSU)
L0
(m3CH4/tRSU)
38,00
22,80
51,35
30,81
DOC
Landfill site
Managed
Unmanaged
IPCC
National
Methane
Correction Factor
DOC
1
0,6
0,1140
0,1140
IPCC
DOC
dissimilated in
landfill gas
IPCC
Fraction of
methane in
landfill gas
50%
50%
50%
50%
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Critical assumption and parameters to
estimate GHG emissions from waste sector
Wastewater Handling
 In Italy wastewater handling is managed mainly using aerobic
treatment plants, where the complete-mix activated sludge
process is more frequently designed.
 It is assumed that domestic and commercial wastewaters are
treated 100% aerobically, whereas industrial wastewaters are
treated 85% aerobically and 15% anaerobically.
 The stabilization of sludge, both in domestic and industrial
wastewater treatment plants, occur in aerobic or anaerobic
reactors; whereas anaerobic digestion is used, the reactors are
of course covered and provided of gas recovery.
 A percentage from 2 to 5% of domestic and commercial
wastewater is treated in Imhoff tanks, where the digestion of
sludge occur anaerobically without gas recovery
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Critical assumption and parameters to
estimate GHG emissions from waste sector
Waste Incineration
A complete data base of incineration plants has been built.
For each plant a lot of information has been included, among which:




the year of the construction and possible upgrade;
the typology of combustion chamber and gas treatment section;
if the plant is provided of energy recovery (thermal or electric);
the type and amount of waste incinerated (municipal, industrial,
etc.).
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Critical assumption and parameters to
estimate GHG emissions from waste sector
Compost Production
The amount of waste treated in composting plant has shown a 17fold increase from 1990 to 2003 (363,519 t to 6,090,638 t)
Information published by APAT on waste treatment plants:
 Composting from selected waste fractions (market, garden
and park, food industry).
100% to compost
 Composting from unselected waste.
30% to compost
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Issues by UNFCCC Review Process
 The Centralized Review took place in Bonn, from 11 to 15
October 2004.
 Italy was encouraged to review the maximum CH4 generation
rate used for the whole time series (k=0.4).
 The new value (k=0.26) has been calculated on the basis of the
national waste composition.
 The next September 2005, Italy will host the In-country Review.
National
Half life
Waste biodegradability
National
Methane
genration rate
constant
IPCC
Half life
IPCC
Methane
genration rate
constant
Rapidly biodegradable
1 year
0,69
3 year
0,23
Medium biodegradable
5 years
0,14
14 years
0,05
15 years
0,05
23 years
0,03
2,66 years
0,26
Slowly biodegradable
Average
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
QA/QC Procedures
 Solid Waste Disposal on Land
A comparison of the national EFs and parameters used for the
estimation with the default IPCC values has been done. The
main difference refers to the average DOC in the waste and
depends on the Italian waste composition.
 Wastewater Handling
Industrial specific documentation in the sectors of pulp and
paper, food and beverages, leather, such as Environmental
Report or technical documentation has been used with the aim
to verify wastewater flows and COD concentrations .
Average amount of wastewater per annual production has
been compared also with those reported in the technical
reports developed in the framework of the Integrated Pollution
and Prevention Control (IPPC) Directive of the European Union.
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
QA/QC Procedures
 Waste Incineration
Different sources, included APAT and Environmental
Ministry, have been used and compared with the aim to
reconstruct the time series of municipal, industrial, hospital
waste, sludge and waste oil incinerated in each plant with
or without energy recovery.
 Compost Production
In addition to information on national composting plants,
the Composting Industrial Union provide additional data.
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Uncertainty
 UNCERTAINTY: no specific analysis are available; expert
judgment and IPCC Good Practice Guidance has been used.
CO2
COMB.
6.A
Solid Waste
Disposal on Land
6.B
Wastewater
Handling
6.C
Waste Incineration
6.D
Other (Compost
Production)
25%
AD
5%
CH4
EF
N2O
COMB.
AD
EF
22.4%
10%
20%
58%
50%
30%
100%
10%
100%
COMB.
AD
EF
42.5
30%
30%
25%
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Time series consistency
 Solid Waste Disposal on Land EXAMPLE
The complete database from 1975 of waste production, waste
disposal in managed and unmanaged landfills and sludge
disposal in landfills has been reconstructed on the basis of
available data reported in different sources national legislation
and regression models based on population.
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Year
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Domestic Solid Waste
Production
(tons)
12.398.435
12.776.806
13.155.177
13.533.549
13.911.920
14.290.291
14.668.663
15.047.034
15.425.405
15.803.777
16.182.148
16.560.519
16.938.891
17.317.262
18.222.508
19.127.754
20.033.000
20.915.004
22.509.932
22.679.012
21.503.874
21.639.418
22.239.664
22.426.220
23.890.105
24.418.104
24.814.797
25.216.017
25.336.731
25.953.366
26.846.131
27.502.889
28.078.695
28.655.071
29.091.989
29.730.412
Commercial Solid
Waste Production
(tons)
2.158.000
2.221.000
2.284.000
2.347.000
2.410.000
2.473.000
2.536.000
2.599.000
2.662.000
2.725.000
2.788.000
2.851.000
2.914.000
2.977.000
3.040.000
3.103.000
3.166.000
3.521.245
3.876.490
4.231.735
4.276.149
4.320.562
4.365.536
4.420.506
4.473.809
4.540.438
4.594.075
4.647.711
4.701.348
4.754.984
4.808.621
4.864.923
4.921.224
4.977.526
5.033.827
5.090.129
Municipal Solid Waste
Production
(tons)
14.556.435
14.997.806
15.439.177
15.880.549
16.321.920
16.763.291
17.204.663
17.646.034
18.087.405
18.528.777
18.970.148
19.411.519
19.852.891
20.294.262
21.262.508
22.230.754
23.199.000
24.436.249
26.386.422
26.910.747
25.780.023
25.959.980
26.605.200
26.846.726
28.363.914
28.958.542
29.408.872
29.863.728
30.038.079
30.708.351
31.654.752
32.367.812
32.999.919
33.632.597
34.125.816
34.820.541
MSW landfilled
(%)
64,2
66,1
67,9
69,7
71,6
73,4
75,3
77,1
79,0
80,8
82,7
84,5
86,4
88,2
89,7
91,1
92,6
91,0
89,2
88,0
85,5
83,3
80,0
77,4
76,7
75,7
68,0
63,1
59,9
43,3
35,0
30,6
26,2
21,8
17,4
13,0
MSW landfilled in
managed sites
(%)
30,4
30,4
30,4
32,8
35,3
37,7
40,1
42,6
45,0
47,4
49,9
52,3
54,8
57,2
59,6
62,1
64,5
66,0
67,6
69,1
70,6
72,1
73,0
73,9
74,8
75,7
68,0
63,1
59,9
43,3
35,0
30,6
26,2
21,8
17,4
13,0
Consistency of inventory between energy
and waste sector
Reporting of waste incineration
 Emissions from waste incineration facilities without energy
recovery are reported under category 6C.
 Emissions from waste incineration facilities which produce
electricity or heat for energetic purposes are reported under
categories 1A2 (Manufacturing industries and construction) and
1A4a (Commercial/Institutional), according to the IPCC
reporting guidelines.
 In 2003, waste incineration reported under 6C accounts for
167.7 Gg CO2, whereas the emissions reported under 1A
accounts for 1,175.3 Gg CO2.
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Consistency of inventory between energy
and waste sector
Number of total incineration plant with or without energy recovery (2003)
100
29,5
%
91
90
70,5
%
80
70
60
62
50
38
40
30
20
10
13
22
16
13
3
0
Northern Italy
Central Italy
Incineration plant with energy recovery
Southern Italy
TOT.
Incineration plant without energy recovery
Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen
Contact
Riccardo De Lauretis
Barbara Gonella
[email protected]
[email protected]
http://www.apat.gov.it