Transcript Key Motivating Factors

Quantum Structure of Materials
A Multi-faceted Approach in Teaching
Introductory Solid State Materials
N. J. DiNardo, M. Vallières
Drexel University
J. M. Vohs, W. R. Graham, R. J. Composto
University of Pennsylvania
F. Fontaine, T. Cumberbatch
Cooper Union
Key Motivating Factors
• New materials technologies - quantum, nanoscale
• New curricular mandates
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Engineering up-front - Drexel's E4 Curriculum
Inverted curricula - Capstone courses
Interdisciplinary engineering practice - Materials
Intra/inter-institutional projects - Gateway Coalition
ABET 2000 criteria
• New nanoscale materials characterization tools Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPMs)
• New instructional tools - computation, modules, www
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Objectives
• Build upon the lower division experience
• Establish fundamental ideas of the electronic properties
of materials based on an atomistic picture
• Combine coursework with
– state-of-the-art laboratory experiences
– problem-solving and projects using computational tools
– computer-based teaching modules
• Demonstrate interdisciplinarity in Materials Engineering
– Physics, Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering
• Recognize Gateway mission and ABET criteria
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Background
• The Gateway Coalition
– Open new gateways for learning within an engineering
education focus ...
– NSF Engineering Directorate funding
• Project Collaboration
– Drexel University - Physics
– University of Pennsylvania - Materials Science and
Engineering, Chemical Engineering
– The Cooper Union - Electrical Engineering
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The Gateway Coalition
• Collaborative programs among several institutions with
diverse institutional cultures
• Driving principle: Introduction of engineering and its
functional core up-front - (Drexel E4 experience)
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Content  Human resource development and broader experience
Integrative aspects of the engineering process
Concurrent learning
Multidisciplinary emphasis
Use of new instructional technologies
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Goals of Collaboration
• Drexel University
– build on lower division experience based on E4 model
– upper-division introduction to solid state materials
• University of Pennsylvania
– add state-of-the-art student laboratory to existing course
• Cooper Union
– create post-solid-state project-based course to address
materials and process issues in Electrical Engineering
draw from common elements / facilities
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Curriculum Development
• Drexel University
– develop multi-component course in the electrical
properties of solid state materials
– initially directed to Materials Engineering juniors
• Penn
– develop thin-film device fabrication and analysis
laboratory for sophomore engineering course
• The Cooper Union
– develop web-based course in advanced topics in
engineering materials
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Drexel University
• Quantum Structure of Materials - The Course
– Background
• ~10-20 Materials Engineering students per year  other fields
• Course materials - introductory text, notes, reserve books, journals
• Pre-requisites - PFE, MFE, Materials (sophomore)
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Theory - ~1-D
Nano-characterization Laboratory
Research on recent topics in SPM and Nanotechnology
Scanning Probe Microscopy Module (Authorware®/Mac)
Computational exercises
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Theory
– Materials - an atomistic approach to electronic structure
– Classical physics *
– Modern Physics
• Quantization of charge, light, energy
• Wave-particle duality
• Schrödinger equation in one-dimension / bound, unbound states *
– Solid State Physics
• Atoms and molecules, Interatomic bonds *
• Free electron model  Energy bands in solids *
• Semiconductors, Insulators
• Semiconductor and Optoelectronic devices
• Quantum structures
* potential energy functions
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Nano-characterization Laboratory
• Burleigh Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Graphite
surface
• Digital Instruments MultiMode®
Scanning Force Microscope
note: Gateway Advanced Materials Laboratory
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Topics in SPM / Nanotechnology
• Nanoscale Characterization
of Surfaces and Interfaces
• Journal / web-based research
“Look up a recent article (in last three years) in Applied Physics Letters where
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) was applied to a current problem in
materials science and engineering. In about one page, discuss the application,
how the STM was used, and the authors' results and conclusions. Refer to
additional sources if necessary.”
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Scanning Probe Microscopy Module
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Computational exercises
• Energy Band Structure in 1-D
• Bound states and Scattering
• Surface potentials
• Junction phenomena
Attributes
• Beyond the textbook …
– modern physics and physics of materials
• application of advanced science and engineering principles
• integration of structure and electrical properties
– state-of-the-art experimentation, computation
• utilization of a broad range of methodologies
– research on current topics
• integration of disciplines, life-long learning
• Connection with Freshman/Sophomore experience
• Requirement for Materials Engineering ...
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University of Pennsylvania
• Growth of thin-film metal contacts on Si substrate
– vacuum and ultrahigh vacuum techniques, thin film deposition
– sample preparation
• Thin-film, surface, and interface characterization
– Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry
• elemental depth profiling
– Auger Electron Spectroscopy
• surface chemistry
– Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
• surface morphology
• Electrical characterization of devices
– i-v measurements of Schottky barrier
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Attributes
• Beyond the textbook …
– reinforcement of topics in modern physics
– experimentation - device fabrication
• utilization of state-of-the-art methodologies
• direct relation to industrial processing and analysis
• Facility-driven
– exportable manual  theory / analysis of real data
• Modes of delivery
– stand-alone laboratory
– enhancement to other materials-related courses
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The Cooper Union
• Modules in
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Crystals and Wave Mechanics
Carrier Distribution, Transport, Generation/Recombination
Non-linear and Anisotropic Materials
Optical Fibers
Computer Modeling and Analysis
• Related MATLAB computations
• Outside research
• Electronic Materials Experimentation
– Fabrication and analysis of p-n junctions
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Attributes
• Beyond the textbook …
– applied materials physics
• application of advanced science and engineering principles
• integration of structure, properties, processing, performance
– theory, computation
• utilization of methodologies for theoretical analysis and prediction
– research on current topics
• integration of disciplines, life-long learning
• Computation-intensive
– computation facility
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Assessment - Quantum Structure of Materials
• Relevance
– important whether or not applicable to current experience
• Level
– challenging, particularly applying mathematics and physics
• Homework exercises and examinations
– challenging but provides key understanding of concepts by practice
• Text/notes
– gaps in text presentations, need for auxiliary material
• Laboratory
– supports hands-on learning
– relevance to industry / co-op
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beyond the degree...
Implementation Issues
• Institutional
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unique curricular structures
identification of needs and opportunities
developing new courses / enhancing existing courses
institutionalization
• Multi-institutional interactions
– focus on common experiences
– sharing facilities - SPM, RBS/AES
• distance, time, schedules
• ongoing support and planning
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Closing remarks
• Active participation of students in new curricular
initiatives
• Three unique capstone models with common attributes
– materials engineering
– computation / experimentation / research
• Evolving institutions in a changing world
– curriculum reform enveloping the courses
• response - continual development, customization,
communication
– rapidly developing technologies
• opportunities to better address real materials applications
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