Transcript FLEXICURITY

FLEXICURITY
Marije Bosman
Kevin De Bruycker
Mathias Settele
Gabriele Grosso
Andreas Michael
Egle Arcisauskaite
Irmantas Berzauskas
Mercè Valldeperas Sumarroca
Inholland Hogeschool
Plantijn Hogeschool
University of Nürtingen
University of Bologna
University of Florence
Mykolas Romeris University
Kaunas College
University of Girona
IP Project
Flexem ter
Objectives

Description of the concept ‘flexicurity’ as the golden
triangle

Comparison of the current situation in the participating
countries in the context of the ‘golden triangle’

Conclusions on the possibilities to have a universal
flexicurity model working for a whole Europe

Recommendations resting upon the analysis of current
situation on what could be done in the member states and
on the European level using the ideas and concepts of
flexicurity
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
2
The golden triangle
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
3
Contents
I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
CURRENT SITUATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET
SOCIAL SECURITY
ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY
TRADE UNIONS
III.
CONCLUSIONS
IV.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY

IP Project
Flexem ter
4
Flexibility of the labour market
Labour market flexibility refers to the degree in which
labour markets quickly adapt to fluctuations and changes
in society as well as in the economy or production.
• point of departure:
-
globalisation
technological change
international competition
unemployment
 Flexibility is necessary
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
5
Flexibility of the labour market
Worker mobility
• INDICATORS:





employee‘s period of notice
leave schemes
unilateral transfer of personnel by employers
limitation of the employee’s freedom to elect a new
employer
average length of service
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
6
Flexibility of the labour market
Employment Protection
• Strict rules
 lack of flexibility
 unlike the Danish model
• INDICATORS:
 Protection against dismissal
 probationary period
 employer‘s period of notice
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
7
Flexibility of the labour market
Types of contracts
open-ended labour contract
 part-time contract
 fixed-term contract
 temporary work contract

 different regulations in the various countries
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
8
Flexibility of the labour market
Current level of flexibility in EU?
• depending on the different indicators and countries
• furthermore flexibility must be increased
 especially concerning dismissal rules
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
9
Contents
I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
CURRENT SITUATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET
SOCIAL SECURITY
ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY
TRADE UNIONS
III.
CONCLUSIONS
IV.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY

IP Project
Flexem ter

10
Social Security
Social security - a regulation that gives the employees
security for employment and income irrespective of
developments on the labour market or developments in the
employee’s own situation
High social security – a precondition for flexible labour
market in the flexicurity model
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
11
Social Security
• INDICATORS:
unemployment benefits
 unemployment rate

Denmark
Netherlands
Belgium
Spain
Italy
Germany
Lithuania
Europe
3,2%
3,6%
7,7%
8,5%
6,7%
7,9%
5,7%
7,6%
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
12
Social Security
Pensions
GDP rate for social security


Denmark
Netherlands
Belgium
Spain
Italy
Germany
Lithuania
Europe
34%
28,5%
29,3%
20,0%
26,4%
29,5%
17%
27%

minimu
m wages
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
13
Contents
I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
CURRENT SITUATION

1.
FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET
2.
SOCIAL SECURITY
3.
ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY
4.
TRADE UNIONS
III.
CONCLUSIONS
IV.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter


14
Active Labour Market Policy
• Active labour market policies (ALMP’s)
 government programmes that intervene in the
labour market to help the unemployed to find work
• Categories of ALMP:
 public employment services
 training schemes
 employment subsidies
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
15
Active Labour Market Policy
• Life long learning (LLL)
 an attitude to open new ideas, decisions,
skills and behaviours
Denmark
Netherlands
Lithuania
Belgium
Italy
Spain
Germany
Participation
in LLL
27.4%
15.4%
6.0 %
8.3 %
5.8%
10.5%
7.7 %
Public
expenditure
education %
GDP
8.4%
5.3%
5.2%
6.2%
4.9%
4.5%
4.8%
• Financing concept of life long learning (LLL)
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
16
Active Labour Market Policy
• Job rotation
 a transfer of employees among a number of
different positions and tasks within jobs where each
requires different skills and responsibilities
• Current situation:

Belgium, The Netherlands - a working concept

Italy, Spain – a certain form, but it is bound to a lot of
rules

Germany, Lithuania – set by law, but not working
practically
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
17
Contents
I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
CURRENT SITUATION

1.
FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET
2.
SOCIAL SECURITY
3.
ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY
4.
TRADE UNIONS
III.
CONCLUSIONS
IV.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter



18
Trade Unions
Country's
Trade union representativity
0%
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
percentage
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
Germany
Italy
Lithuania
Spain
The Netherlands
% of total national union membership in 2003
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
19
Contents
I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
CURRENT SITUATION

1.
FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET
2.
SOCIAL SECURITY
3.
ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY
4.
TRADE UNIONS
III.
CONCLUSIONS
IV.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter




20
Final Conclusion
• Question:
Would there be a possibility to have a
general flexicurity model in Europe?

„golden triangle“

differences

general policy
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
21
Contents
I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
CURRENT SITUATION

1. FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET 
2. SOCIAL SECURITY
3. ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY
4.
TRADE UNIONS
III.
CONCLUSIONS
IV.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter




22
Recommendations
• Flexibility of the labour market
investing in employability
 flexible level of contracts

• Social Security
minimum expenditure in social security
 effective taxation
 retirement age

Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
23
Recommendations
• Active Labour Market Policy
education and LLL
 expenditure on ALMP
 Private Agencies

• Role of Trade Unions
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
24
Recommendations
• Modernisation and fundamental rights

Role of labour law
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
25
Contents
I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
CURRENT SITUATION

1. FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET 
2. SOCIAL SECURITY
3. ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY
4.
TRADE UNIONS
III.
CONCLUSIONS
IV.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter





26
Annex – Leave Schemes
Netherland
s
Lithuania
Annual/ordinary
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Maternity
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Parental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Carer’s
Yes
Political or
public duties
Belgium
Yes
Spain
Germany
Yes
Yes
Yes/No
Study/learning
Yes
Part-time
pension
Yes
Yes
Sabbatical
Yes
Yes
Sickness
Yes
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
Italy
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
IP Project
Flexem ter
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
(Yes)
Yes
Yes
Yes
27
Annex – Employment Protection
Employment
Protection legislation
Particular restrictions
against dismissal of
specific persons
maximum
probationary
period
Denmark
Yes
Yes
3 months
6 months
Netherlands
Yes
Yes
2 months
2 months
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
6 months
4 months
Belgium
Yes
Yes
14 days/
6 months
8 weeks/18
months
Italy
Yes
Yes
6 months
collective labour
agreement
Spain
Yes
Yes
6 months
30 days
Germany
Yes
Yes
6 months
7 months
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
Maximum period
of notice
28
Annex – Social Security
• Unemployment rates
Denmark
Netherlands
Belgium
Spain
Italy
Germany
Lithuania
Europe
3,2%
3,6%
7,7%
8,5%
6,7%
7,9%
5,7%
7,6%
• GDP rate for social security
Denmark
Netherlands
Belgium
Spain
Italy
Germany
Lithuania
Europe
34%
28,5%
29,3%
20,0%
26,4%
29,5%
17%
27%
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
IP Project
Flexem ter
29
Active Labour Market Policy
• Financing concept of life long learning (LLL)
Denmark
Government
Companies
Worker
Topic 5
FLEXICURITY
X
Netherlands
Lithuania
Belgium
Italy
Spain
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
IP Project
Flexem ter
Germany
X
X
X
X
30