Transcript Unit #7: Southwest Asia

Chp 22: Religion, Politics & Oil
 Islam
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Monotheistic religion
Based on the teaching of the prophet
Muhammad
Believe in the Old Testament of the Bible,
(descendants of Abraham) but do not
recognize the Jewish or Christian faith as
accurate
Study the Koran
Take Five…
 What
are the five pillars of faith?
Five Pillars of Faith
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Faith—all believers must testify to the
statement of faith—”There is no God but Allah,
and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”
Prayer—facing east (Mecca) 5 times a day—
the mosque or where ever else at prayer time
Charity—support the poor
Fasting—Holy month of Ramadan—do not eat
or drink from sunrise to sunset
Pilgrimage—(Hajj) to Mecca at least once in
their lifetime
“Unwritten Codes” of Islam
 Do
not eat pork
 Do not drink alcohol or take drugs
 Do not look at or participate in
pornography
Mecca
Take Five…
 Why
is Mecca so important? What other
religions claim heritage to this region?
So…what’s with the black box?
The Spread of Islam--Crusades
The rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire
Colonization and Imperialism
Take Five…
 Look
at the chart on pg 505—what are the
top 3 middle eastern oil producing
countries? What percentage of oil income
is their GDP?
The Unification of Saudi Arabia
King Abdul al
Aziz Ibn Saud
Unites the region
Becomes Saudi
Arabia in 1932
Oil discovered in
1936
Theocracies
 Government
based on the teachings of the
Koran
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Saudi Arabia=monarchy of the royal Saud
family
Iran
Iraq=moving towards a democracy
Women in the Middle East
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Many must wear the veil
Cannot be photographed
Must not be married to more
than one man
Are considered the property of
their fathers, husbands,
uncles, other male family
members
Cannot vote, drive, hold
government jobs or any jobs
outside the home
Can be punished—even to
death—by their male family
members
Queen Rania of Jordan
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Shifting away from
more traditional roles
for women to new
modern ideas in
SOME areas…
In Class Assignment…
 Complete
the Chp 22 Assessment on pg
522-523
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A, B and Main Ideas
Take Five
 Complete
512
the skill builder questions on pg
Oil Dominates the Middle East
 Kuwait,
Saudi Arabia & the United Arab
Emirates = largest produces of oil
 OPEC= Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries (12 countries)
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Control worldwide oil prices
Including : Qatar, Iran & Iraq
OPEC
Take Five…
 From
the graph…which country has the
largest percentage of exporting oil with
OPEC?
Modern Day Middle East
 Souks
have been replaced by modern day
buying and selling
 Roughly 70% of the population are
projected to be urban by 2015 verses the
Bedouins of the past
 Workers have become more educated to
meet the needs of the technological age
 Foreign workers brought in to complete
jobs
Eastern Mediterranean
Religious Tensions over Jerusalem
Muslims= 3rd most holy city
Jews=Capital of Israel—historic homeland.
Temple Mount housed Solomon’s First Temple—
still pray at the remains of the Second Temple
destroyed by Rome in 70 AD
Christians=historic holy city of Abraham and
crucifixion of Jesus
Western Wall of 2nd Temple Ruins
Dome of the Rock
Religious symbolism
wall—remains of the 2nd Temple
constructed before the Roman Empire
 Dome of the rock—Jews & Christians
believe the sight of Abraham’s sacrifice of
Issac; Muslims believe the sight where
Muhammad ascended into heaven
 Western
The Zionist movement
Great Britain controlled Palestine prior to WWI
during Imperialism
12% of the population of Palestine were Jewish
(1914)
British allowed Jewish immigration to Palestine
1939 G. Britain stopped Jewish immigration due to
Arab conflict
The creation of the Jewish state of Israel
1948 after WWII, Israel was given to the Jewish
people by the United Nations and Palestine was
divided into 2 states
Conflict remains
 PLO
(Plaestine Liberation Organization)
 United Nations refugee camps (53)
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3.6 million people
 2003-1st
Palestian Prime Minister Abu
Mazen agreed to the “road map”
The Northeast
 Turkey,
Iran, Iraq & Afghanistan
 Fertile Crescent—Tigris and Euphrates
Rivers meet here—birthplace of humanity
in early Mesopotamia
 Different ethnic groups: Kurds, Turks &
Persians
 Different languages: Turkish, Arabic &
Farsi
Religious Differences with Islam
 Sunni
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83% all Muslims are Sunni
 Shi’ite
Clashes over Land
 Kurds
in a stateless nation
 Genocide by Sadam Hussain of Iraq
during 1st Gulf War
 Clashes over Persian Gulf oil fields
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Iran, Iraq, Kuwait
Clashes over Leadership
 Military
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dictatorships
Iran
• Corrupt elections
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Iraq
• Saddam Hussein
• More democratic leadership
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Afghanistan
• Hamid Karzai
• Taliban
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Osama bin Laden & al-Qaeda terrorists
The Great Divide—Islam divided
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Sunni
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The Caliphate should
lead the Islamic
religion
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Shi’ite
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The followers of Ali—
direct descendants of
Muhammad should
lead the Islamic
religion
Muhammad died
without a male heir—
his son in law (also his
cousin) was the
closest male heir
Chp 23
Today’s Issues for Southwest Asia
Population Relocation
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War ravaged areas left behind refugees
Refugees cannot return home
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Example: Kurds—pushed out of Iraq, Afghanistan,
Turkey, Syria and Iran
Genocide of Kurds by Saddam Hussein
Estimated 70,000 Kurds displaced and living in
refugee camps in 2000
Example: Palestinians—relocated from their homes
in Israel due to their Arab heritage
Palestinians living on the West Bank and in the Gaza
Strip—displaced from their homes in now Israel=3.6
million living in refugee camps (2005)
UN Resolution 194
 “Palestinians
have the right to return…”
Pros and Cons of Oil Rich Areas
 Pros
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Great wealth from oil profits
Rapid urbanization from oil profits
 Cons
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Conflict over oil fields—has led to war
Rapid urbanization requires skilled &
educated workforce as well as unskilled
workers
• “Guest workers”
Guest workers
 Skilled
workers=Europe, U.S. other
advanced societies
 Unskilled workers=South and East Asia
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Mostly undesirable work
Ex: 1999, 90% of the UAE workforce was
made up of immigrants
Immigrant issues—language barriers, cultural
differences, ethnic conflicts, weakened
national identity etc
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Conflicts with “guest workers”
 Conflicts
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over cultural differences
Immigrants may find themselves in prison
without any legal recourse
 Immigrants
have few rights
 Immigrants may not be paid in a timely
manner or even not at all—cannot return
to their home country
 Living in separate areas of the country
www.foxnews.com
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American Workers Urged to Leave Saudi Arabia
 Tuesday, June 15, 2004
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WASHINGTON — The U.S. government renewed its call on Monday for
Americans to leave Saudi Arabia (search) after the recent terrorist
attacks, saying the safety of U.S. workers was more important than
any effect on oil supplies or the Saudi economy.
 An estimated 35,000 Americans have been working in Saudi Arabia
and it was unclear how many have left since the increase in attacks,
which have come at the same time the Bush administration has been
pressing the Saudis to boost oil production to help lower gas prices in
the United States.
 Referring to U.S. workers in Saudi Arabia, State Department
(search) spokesman Richard Boucher said, "We first and foremost
have a responsibility to Americans. We need to give them our best
advice on how to handle any particular situation overseas."
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Workers compound in Saudi Arabia
Take Five…
 Complete
526
the Skill Builder questions on pg
Oil Wealth Fuels Change
 “black
gold”=Strategic commodity
 64% of the world’s oil deposits
 34% of the world’s natural gas
 Variable oil prices leads to unstable
economies
Using Oil Wealth to Diversify
 Using
the profits from oil to make modern
day improvements
 Improvements in Infrastructure
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New roads, airports, irrigation networks,
desalinization plants, information technology
systems etc…
Using Oil Wealth to Diversify
 Using
oil profits to create new economic
opportunities besides oil
 Agriculture improvements with irrigation
systems, wells and desalinization plants
 Developing mines for copper and other
minerals
 Investing in education—even women in
many countries
Complete the mental map…
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Draw a mental map of the shape of the Middle
East…
Then, using the blank map provided, find the
following locations:
Gaza Strip
Mt. Ararat
Taurus Mtns
Zagros Mtns
Israel
Turkey
UAE
Medina
Istanbul
Tele-Aviv
In Class Assignment…
 Work
in groups of no more than 4 to
complete the case study at the end of Chp
23 in your textbook—will go in your
portfolio