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Session 2010/2011 2 SMC4523 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING DESIGN Synthesis Generating and developing design solutions Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kamarul Baharin Tawi Dr. Nurulakmar Abu Husain A structured approach to overall design process comprises three phases: •Identifying needs/requirements and specifications of the design problem. •The result of design formulation is sometimes referred to as the design brief Formulation or, more simply, the definition of the design problem. Synthesis • Identification of one or more design solutions consistent with the requirements defined during formulation and any additional requirements identified during synthesis. Evaluation • Interpreting a partially or completely specified design description for conformance with expected performances. • This phase of the design process often includes engineering analysis. Ref: Maher, M. L. (1990) Process Models for Design Synthesis, AI Magazine Vol. 11 No. 4 pp. 49-58 SMC 4523 Week 1 2-3 4-7 Lecture/Studio Topic / Content 1-2 Introduction & Project Description Design needs and requirements Identifying and establishing needs and requirements 3-6 Design needs and requirements (cont.) Developing problem statements Establishing design specifications 7 - 14 Synthesis Generating and developing design solutions 8 9 - 11 Synthesis MID SEMESTER BREAK 15 - 20 Analysis Detail design analysis (functional, strength, reliability, safety and cost) 12 -13 21 - 24 Evaluation & optimisation Improving details 14 - 15 25 - 28 Report and Presentation 16-18 Formulation REVISION WEEK AND FINAL EXAMINATION Evaluation Senses of synthesis SYNTHESIS Sunthesis (Collection) Suntithenai (To put together) Synthesis: creative act or process of generating ideas for design proposals : finding possible solutions for subproblems and building up complete designs from these : combining, mixing, compounding of anything – whether ideas or beliefs, substances or parts, activities or processes – into a new whole Commonly considered the hallmark of design Without ideas, there is nothing to analyse or to choose between!! Ref: Chakrabarti, A., Engineering design synthesis: understanding, approaches, and tools. Substitute Combine Adapt Magnify/Modify Put to other purposes Eliminate Rearrange/Reverse Senses of synthesis SYNTHESIS Sunthesis (Collection) Suntithenai (To put together) Synthesis: creative act or process of generating ideas for design proposals : finding possible solutions for subproblems and building up complete designs from these : combining, mixing, compounding of anything – whether ideas or beliefs, substances or parts, activities or processes – into a new whole Commonly considered the hallmark of design Without ideas, there is nothing to analyse or to choose between!! Ref: Chakrabarti, A., Engineering design synthesis: understanding, approaches, and tools. Senses of synthesis Generation of design alternatives and selection of better ones based on incomplete information SYNTHESIS appears repeatedly throughout a design process ABSTRACT REPRESENTATION REFINED SOLUTIONS BRAINSTORMING • • • • • • Free flowing idea generation technique Write down all ideas as they are presented No judging or pre-selecting Encourage everyone to participate Work list to point of “exhaustion” Evaluate list on objective / subjective criteria What happen during synthesis? Form of design solution is identified. Developed and expanded as s/he gains experience A designer considers a design space that contains the knowledge that is used to develop the design solution. Experienced designers resort to trial and error LESS FREQUENTLY than novice designers when they synthesize designs Ref: Maher, M. L. (1990) Process Models for Design Synthesis, AI Magazine Vol. 11 No. 4 pp. 49-58 Design solutions generation A design solution /concept is an idea that is sufficiently developed to evaluate the physical principles that govern its behaviour EVALUATION confirming that the proposed solution will operate as anticipated Design solutions /concepts must be refined enough Representations Rough sketch Diagram Notes to evaluate the technologies needed to realize them to evaluate the basic form / architecture of them to evaluate their manufacturability Enough detail must be developed so the functionality of the idea can be ensured If you generate one idea, it will probably be a poor idea If you generate twenty ideas, you might have one good idea Designers tend to take 1st idea, refine to final solution GENERATE MULTIPLE CONCEPTS/IDEAS