Transcript Agro-Industrial Revolution To Convert Poverty Into

Agro-Industrial Revolution To
Convert Poverty Into
Prosperity in Tamil Nadu
Strategy for Tamil Nadu to emerge as the leading state
in India on growth of agriculture, industry, employment
& living standards within three years.
1
Objectives




Generate minimum 5 million new job & selfemployment opportunities in Tamil Nadu
Generate Rs 50,000 crores rural income (generating
approximately Rs 5,000 crores tax revenue to
government)
Generate 2,000 MW non-conventional biomass power
in Tamil Nadu
Spread advanced methods for rainwater harvesting
throughout Tamil Nadu
2
India’s Contradictions

Lowest wages but highest unit production cost for all crops -due to low crop yields.

Abundant water resources but not enough water for agriculture
-- due to wastage of water.

e.g. California cotton farmers produce 35 times more cotton per liter of
water than in Tamil Nadu with AT.

Huge food stocks but widespread malnutrition -- due to lack of
purchasing power.

Though farmers produce more, they earn less -- due to falling
3
market prices.
Solution to the Contradictions
1.
Increase productivity to reduce unit cost of production below international level -generates more income for farmers & surpluses can be exported.
2.
Diversify from foodgrains to commercial & orchard crops such as oilseeds,
banana, mango, amla, neem, etc.
3.
Rotate crops every season to avoid surplus production in response to changing
market demand.
4.
Link agriculture to agro-industries such as biomass power, fuel and edible oil to
provide assured market for surplus production & generate non-farm employment.
5.
Raise profitability of agriculture to increase the incomes and purchasing power of
rural population to eliminate malnutrition and poverty.
6.
Raise efficiency of water usage & crop productivity by advanced methods of
deep soil ploughing & rainwater harvesting.
4
Agriculture Technology (AT)
Engine for Growth
Higher crop yields & farmer
profit through AT
Higher on-farm
employment
Links to Agro-industries
for assured market
Higher non-farm
employment
Higher purchasing power leading
to bigger demand for food
5
Low Indian Crop Productivity (kg/ha)
Crop
USA
India
USA/India
Rice
6622
2928
2.3
Maize
8397
1666
5.0
Wheat
4400
2583
1.7
Groundnut
3038
912
3.3
Soy beans
2452
1007
2.4
40,238
17,307
2.3
700
333
2.1
59,295
15,138
3.9
Potato
Lint Cotton
Tomato
6
Raising Crop Productivity





Soil preparation
Plant nutrition
Water management
Pest management
Time & schedule management
7
Land Preparation in India

Plough soil only 6 to 8” deep

Resulting in dense packing of earth

Prevents rainwater storage in the soil

Leads to flooding of roots during irrigation & heavy
rains which stops plant growth

Prevents crop roots from penetrating into the earth

Leads to stunted plant growth
8
Normal Indian Soil
Rainwater cannot penetrate deepr or
drain, so it floods roots & evaporates
rapidly. The flooding prevents plant
roots from breathing, which is
essential for absorption of nutrients.
6”
Crop
Hard Pan
Roots cannot penetrate so
plant growth is stunted.
Plants are small, weak,
needs frequent irrigation &
gives low yield.
9
Deep Soil ploughing
Roots sink deep to reach
perennial water supply &
nutrients. Plant grows large,
strong & highly productive.
36”
Crop
Soft Pan
Rainwater stored deep down where
it will not easily evaporate & is
available to plants for months
10
Deep Soil Ploughing

Enables soil to capture rainwater

Recharges groundwater

Prevents run-off

Enables root systems to grow deep

Increases crop productivity.

Reduces need for irrigation to as low as 20%.
11
Ripper Plow with 4 feet Shanks (USA)
12
One Shank (Raised) in India
13
One Shank (Lowered) in India
14
Balanced Soil & Plant Nutrition

Plants require more than 12 essential nutrients to generate
healthy and productive growth.

Without these 12 nutrients, genetic potential of hybrid seeds
cannot be tapped.

Same hybrid rice seed generates 2.8 tons per hectare in India, 5.4
tons in China and 8 tons in USA.

In India, soil is being tested for only three nutrients.

Methods employed in India for application of fertilizers lead
to low absorption, high wastage and high cost.

Advanced methods can triple or quadruple the productivity of
15
the same hybrid seed.
California AT “Applied” in India
Crop
Indian Average
CACS in India
25-30 tons/ha
80-86 tons/acre
Lint Cotton
432 kg/ha
985 kg/ha
Egg Plant
17.5-20 tons/ha
60 tons/ha
0.5 kg/vine
1.23 kg/vine
Tomato
Black Pepper
16
High Potential Crops







Cotton
Maize
Oilseeds
Paddy
Sugarcane & Sugar
Beet
Tapioca
Tomato & other
vegetables




Banana
Orchard crops – amla,
cashew, lime, mango,
papaya
Tree Crops – bamboo,
casuarina, eucalyptus,
jatropa, paradise tree
Black pepper & other
herbs and spices
17
Rotate & Mix Cropping Patterns

Rotate 3 different crops for 3 seasons every year (1 year example)




Vegetable in fall
Maize in spring
Pulse in summer
Mixed cropping (10 acre example)








3 acres maize, tapioca, sugarcane or sugar beet for ethanol
1 acre banana
1 acre vegetable
1 acre pulses for edible oil
1 acre mango, neem or amla orchard
1 acre Casuarina (irrigated or dry
1 acre jatropa (dry) for fuel oil
1 acre Paradise tree (dry) for edible oil
18
Creating Assured Markets
19
Energy is an unlimited market

India needs energy – demand for power & oil will triple by 2020

Shift to renewable energy for energy self-sufficiency

Bio-fuels are cost-effective source of renewable energy &
reduce dependence on coal & imported oil

Ethanol from maize, tapioca, sugarcane & sugar beet can be
mixed as a pollution-free motor fuel

Electrical power can be produced from Casuarina & other tree
crops

Diesel fuel oil can be produced from Jatropa tree
20
Biomass Power Plants




One in Tamil Nadu, 20 in AP with 20 more
licensed
Tamil Nadu power demand increasing 10%
per annum
Capital investment Rs 3 per MW vs. Rs 5 for
thermal power.
Decentralized plants will reduce transmission
losses & support rural industries.
21
Ethanol – A Proven Motor Fuel



Ethanol-petrol fuel blends are utilized in more
than 20 countries, including Brazil, Canada,
Sweden and USA.
Ethanol is clean burning, pollution free.
USA consumes 4 billion liters of ethanol as
motor fuel per annum.
22
Brazil




41% of demand for transport fuel is met by
ethanol
4 million vehicles run on 95% ethanol blend.
Country consumes more than 16 billion liters
of ethanol annually
Reduced oil imports by 70% between 1979
and 1992 while cutting reliance on imported
oil from 43% to 22%
23
Ethanol in India






GOI has already approved 5% ethanol-petrol fuel blend
Ethanol can be approved for use up to 10% mix with both petrol and
diesel in unmodified vehicle engines.
India consumes 40 million tons of diesel and 6 million tons of petrol
annually.
Assuming a 10% blend of ethanol with petrol & diesel, total ethanol
requirement would be 4.6 million tons per annum, equivalent to 4.6 billion
liters.
With engine modification, much higher ethanol blends can be utilized,
created a potential demand for more than 10 billion liters of ethanol per
annum.
Total current production of ethanol in India (primarily from molasses) is
1.3 billion liters, of which 50% is used for industrial purposes and 50% for
potable purposes.
24
Economics of Ethanol Fuel


Cost of production of ethanol fuel from
sugarcane will be approximately Rs 18 liter, of
which 2/3rd will go as income to farmers.
International price Rs 18-20 per liter FOB vs.
cost of production Rs 15.
25
Benefits of Bio-Fuels Project








Creates employment for 2.5 million rural families
Generates Rs 23,000 Crores rural income
Reduces dependence on imported fuels
Create an alternative market for sugarcane to reduce sugar
surplus
Stimulus to rural industrialization
Reduce pollution from petrol-based motor fuel
Boost rural electricity generation from begasse & provide
local source of power for rural industrialization
Improve general rural eco system and generate average
Rs.20,000 per year for each families covered under the
scheme.
26
Tamil Nadu Rural Energy Strategy

Cover 25 lakh hectares with energy crops

5 lakh ha -- Casuarina & other tree crops for
biomass power

10 lakh ha -- Jatropa (rain fed) for engine fuel oil

10 lakh ha – Ethanol from maize, tapioca,
sugarcane & sugar beet

2000 MW of biomass power generation

10.75 million tons of bio fuels (.75 MT jatropa & 10 MT ethanol)

27.5 lakh farm & non-farm jobs from the above energy crops

Higher rural income & widespread rural prosperity
27
Meet India’s demand for Edible Oil

India imports 3 million tons of edible oil / year

10 lakh hectares of Paradise Tree will generate
1.5 MT of edible oil worth Rs 6000 crores

Edible oil crops can generate additional 5 lakh
farm & non-farm jobs
28
Other Agro-Industrial Crops

Corn oil, corn flakes, corn syrup, fructose, chicken & cattle
feed, and many other foods and industrial chemicals from
maize

Fruit juices, pulp and dried fruits from mango, guava,
pineapple, grapes, etc.

Processed tomatoes

High protein foods from beans

Herbs & Medicinal plants such as amla, neem
29
Generate 1000 Agro-Industries

200 – Ten MW Biomass Power Plants 

275 – Oil extraction units for jatropa

275 – Oil extraction units for Paradise

250 – Ethanol plants 
Registered crops on sugar factory model
30
Strategy for Industrialisation






Educate farmers about commercial potential of each
agro-industrial crop.
Demonstrate methods for high profit cultivation at
training centres & on farm schools.
Canvas farmers in each region to plant sufficient
area for one or more agro-industries of each type.
Conduct business conferences in major cities to
promote these agro-industries.
Identify potential entrepreneurs and investors in each
taluq and approach them to establish units.
Recommend for cold storage and crop processing
facilities.
31
Critical Needs

Transfer of advanced crop production
technology

Intensive training of farmers on AT

Diversify cropping patterns

Improve management of water resources

Create links with agro-industries
32
Tamil Nadu Project for Advanced
Agriculture Technology (TPAAT)

Project Partners



Tamil Nadu Government
California Agricultural Consulting Services, USA –
agricultural consultants to award winning farms
covering 30,000 acres in California
The Mother’s Service Society, Pondicherry – social
science, development & education research
institute, operated 1st village adoption scheme by
nationalized bank in India
33
Project Goals

Transfer and disseminate AT (Agriculture
Technology) to double the yield on major
commercial crops.

Teach farmers how to double or triple net income
per acre by higher productivity, crop diversification,
and improved water management.

Promote cropping patterns that will support links to
agro-industries.
34
Project Targets

Train more than 100,000 farmers within three years
on methods for high profit commercial crop
production.

Train an additional 100,000 farmers per year from 4th
year onwards.

Establish 6000 village-based Farm Schools within
four years.

Establish permanent infrastructure for on-going
technical support to lead farmers.
35
Project Components

11 -- Model Farms cum Training Centres to demonstrate high
yield, high profit production methods with farm equipment hire
centres

8 – world class soil labs

Training of 6000 Farm School Instructors to set up village-based
Farm Schools

Computer software for crop selection & production

Computerized farmer training programme

Links with agro-industries

AT information website
36
6000 Farm Schools (FS)







10 acre model farms in the village on owned or leased lands to
demonstrate TPAAT methods run by self-employed farmer-cumAg-consultants trained by TPAAT
Each FS to train 30 lead farmers per year in TPAAT methods
On-going technical support from TPAAT to FSs
Each FS has computer centre for farmer education & technical
advice
Income from training of lead farmers (Rs. 30,000 to 60,000 per
year) for each FS instructor
FS instructor is certified by TPAAT
FS instructor is technical representative of TPAAT in the village
37
Training Curriculum for FS Instructors













Crop economics
Crop selection methods
Land preparation
Deep ploughing & rainwater harvesting techniques
Soil analysis & plant nutrition techniques
Pest management practices
Irrigation scheduling & methods
Crop maintenance practices
Harvesting methods
Post-harvest handling
Agro-industry & agri-business opportunities
Marketing
Teaching and communication skills
38
Training Methodology



Classroom lectures
Practical demonstration on model farms
Practical field work applying all concepts on
model farm test plots
39
Computerized Farm Advisory
Software (FAS)



Recommend best cropping pattern options based
on soil analysis, cost of inputs & prevailing market
prices, including cost-benefit for each crop
Recommend package of practices for specific
crops based on field conditions & soil test results
Generate detailed crop production instructions for
the specific crop and field conditions
40
Computerized Educational Software






Tamil language
25 to 50 hours of CD-Rom based courseware covering
all aspects of CACS technology
For use at training centres, farm schools, secondary
schools and vocational training centres
Multimedia: With photographs, video images, text &
voice presentations
Interactive: User selects topics and proceeds at own
pace
Feedback: Self-tests provide instant feedback to users
41
Farmers Trained
Year
1
2
3
4
Total
Farm School
Instructors Trained
1100
1400
1500
2000
6000
33000
75000
120000
228000
34400
76500
122000
234000
Lead Farmers
Trained
Cumulative Total
1100
42