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Latinos Migrate North

– Most Mexican –Americans lived in W and SW – Many moved to Midwest and North by 1920s • Job opportunities – In SW and W • Many lived in

barrios

– Segmented sections of a community – – Non-Hispanics built communities around Hispanic settlements Many unsanitary; high rates of infant mortality (death)

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Mexican-Americans Face Discrimination

– Increased during the Great Depression – Gov’t forces many to leave • Known as

“repatriation”

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Latinos Organize

– Sources of Latino immigration • Mexico • Puerto Rico • Cuba

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Why did they come from …

–

Mexico

• Jobs, better economic conditions in the U.S.

–

Puerto Rico

• • Easy to move to U.S. because PR is a “Territory” Economic troubles in PR –

Cuba

• Cuban government was overthrown by Communists (1959) • Many Cubans flee to the U.S.

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Latinos Organize

– League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) • Fight against discrimination against people of Latin American ancestry • Encouraged

assimilation

into American society – Take in the ideas and culture of another

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Key Court Cases

–

Mendez v Westminster

(1947) • California Supreme Court • Ended segregation in California schools –

Hernandez v Texas

(1954) • U.S. Supreme Court • Texas now had to allow Mexican-Americans on its juries

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Protests and Progress

–

Caesar Chavez

–

Dolores Huerta

• Two leaders of the protest movement • Fought primarily for farm workers

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La Raza Unida (“The United People”) – Political movement – Founded by Jose’ Angel Gutie’rrez – Their goals: • Better access to financial institutions • Better job-training programs

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Bilingual Education Act (1968) –

“bilingualism”:

teaching immigrant students in their own language while they also learn English

– Directed schools to set up classes for immigrants in their own language