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NET ZERO HOUSE
Etienne Hentzen
Mark Horgan
Mark Lewis
Grant MacGregor
Darren Tannock
RECAP
Rural design option
Tasks assigned
Geometry
Materials
Lighting and Ventilation
Energy Systems
Renewable Energy
Simple bungalow design
Climate and site data for
surrounding area
GANTT CHART
GEOMETRY
Optimum roof pitch 35˚
Garage added on West façade
Finalised sizing of windows etc.
Design optimised
Open plan living
LIGHTING
Design of the house on DIALux
Simulation parameters:
White walls and ceiling with 90% reflection
Windows with 10% reflection and 70% transmittance
Light coloured wood on the floor with 52% reflection
Location of the house: Glasgow
Date of the simulation: 21st March 2013
LIGHTING
Natural lighting results;
LIGHTING
Artificial lighting model
LIGHTING
Artificial lighting results
LIGHTING
House lighting installation
LIGHTING
Lighting energy consumption;
Average hours of daylight in Scotland = 12,5 hours
This is the duration of the day in mid-March
MATERIALS
Ceiling / Floor
Exterior Walls
HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Degree-day method (internal gains assumed at 3.5
Celsius internal gain)
20 Celsius set-point, thus base temp. 16.5 Celsius
for calculation.
Solar Calculation using Oban data (solar calculator
available on Myplace)
FABRIC HEAT LOSS
Area (m^2)
External Walls
Roof
Floor
Glazing South
Glazing East
Glazing North
Glazing West
U value (W/m^2K) U*Area (W/K)
96.05
0.13
12.4865
180
0.15
27
180
0.15
27
22.95
0.8
18.36
4.12
0.8
3.296
5.68
0.8
4.544
0
0.8
0
Total
92.6865
VENTILATION HEAT LOSS
Volume of Building Interior (m^3)
414
Density air(kg/m^3)
Efficiency (%)
Spec heat Capacity air(J/kgK)
1.2
92
Vent AC/hour
0.8
1005
Heat loss/ temp difference (W/K)
22.74516VENTILATION HEAT LOSS
Infiltration AC/hour
0.1
Where:
Vent Heat Loss= (1-Efficiency/100)* Vent AC/h* Volume* Density* Cp
Inf Heat Loss= Inf AC/h* Volume* Density* Cp
TOTAL LOSSES (W/K)
115.43166TOTAL LOSSES
HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Month
South Glazing Gain
North
East
TOTAL SOLAR GAIN (kWh)
Jan
307.7796915
35.60349
31.06722
374.4504
Feb
598.5160123
68.00845
63.87651
730.401
Mar
1060.946321
144.823
143.6088
1349.378
Apr
1820.224948
235.6415
255.3027
2311.169
May
2267.018953
386.8381
344.3569
2998.214
Jun
2153.307818
420.2894
342.1075
2915.705
Jul
1954.661923
385.8333
303.8139
2644.309
Aug
1868.887256
300.4178
274.5712
2443.876
Sept
1166.015338
165.8861
156.428
1488.329
Oct
794.9072639
94.82039
91.94418
981.6718
Nov
451.7447457
44.32804
43.58382
539.6566
Dec
245.989568
26.58624
22.12661
294.7024
14689.99984
2309.076
2072.787
19071.86
TOTAL
HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS
min temp max temp
Average Temp
Degree Days K (kW/K)
Q (kWh)
No. Days Month Monthly Losses.(kWh)
Jan
2
7
4.5
12
0.115432
33.24432
31
1030.57386
Feb
2
7
4.5
12
0.115432
33.24432
28
930.840906
Mar
3
9
6
10.5
0.115432
29.08878
31
901.752128
Apr
4
11
7.5
9
0.115432
24.93324
30
747.997157
May
6
15
10.5
6
0.115432
16.62216
31
515.28693
Jun
9
17
13
3.5
0.115432
9.696259
30
290.887783
Jul
11
18
14.5
2
0.115432
5.54072
31
171.76231
Aug
11
18
14.5
2
0.115432
5.54072
31
171.76231
Sept
9
16
12.5
4
0.115432
11.08144
30
332.443181
Oct
7
13
10
6.5
0.115432
18.00734
31
558.227508
Nov
4
9
6.5
10
0.115432
27.7036
30
831.107952
Dec
2
8
5
11.5
0.115432
31.85914
31
987.633283
Annual Total Losses (kWh)
7470.27531
HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS
TOTAL HEATING LOAD (kWh)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
656.1235
200.4399
-447.626
-1563.17
-2482.93
-2624.82
-2472.55
-2272.11
-1155.89
-423.444
291.4514
692.9309
-11601.6
HEATING
COOLING
Annual Total Losses
(kWh)
7470.27531
Annual Solar Gains
(kWh)
19071.86
HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Month
Total Heating Load (kWh)
No. Days
Average daily heating load (kWh)
Jan
656.1234582
31
21.16527285
Feb
200.4399328
28
7.158569028
Mar
-447.625989
31
-14.43954803
Apr
-1563.171933
30
-52.1057311
May
-2482.926969
31
-80.09441836
Jun
-2624.816939
30
-87.49389795
Jul
-2472.546783
31
-79.75957365
Aug
-2272.113992
31
-73.29399975
Sept
-1155.88624
30
-38.52954134
Oct
-423.4443248
31
-13.65949435
Nov
291.4513503
30
9.71504501
Dec
692.9308662
31
22.35260859
HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Month
JANUARY
Hour
Air temp
15th
1st
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.9
3
3.2
3
2.9
2.7
2.9
3
3.2
3
2.9
2.9
Last
2.1
2
1.9
1.2
0.4
-0.3
0.4
1.1
1.8
2.6
3.3
4
4.1
4.3
4.4
3.3
2.3
1.2
0.5
-0.2
-0.9
-0.8
-0.8
-0.7
Average (C)
6
5.2
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.1
5.1
5
5
5.1
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.7
5.9
6.1
6.4
6.6
3.3
3.0
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.9
3.0
3.3
3.6
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.3
3.9
3.5
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324
HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Month
Hour
1st
JANUARY
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
15th
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.346193
1.603751
4.601604
4.46897
3.509642
2.0715
0.244371
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Last
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.20
2.39
6.03
6.88
5.14
3.59
1.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Average
(kWh)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.040729
0.366557
0.855299
1.201492
1.344041
1.24222
0.916392
0.448014
0.081457
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
1.6
3.9
4.2
3.3
2.2
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Exterior Degree
Heat Loss Total Loss Solar Gain Heating
Month
Hour Temp
Days/hour (kW/K) (kWh)
(kWh)
Load (kW)
JANUARY 00:00
3.3
13.2
0.12
1.52
0.00
1.52
01:00
3.0
13.5
0.12
1.56
0.00
1.56
02:00
2.7
13.8
0.12
1.60
0.00
1.60
03:00
2.6
13.9
0.12
1.60
0.00
1.60
04:00
2.6
13.9
0.12
1.60
0.00
1.60
05:00
2.6
13.9
0.12
1.61
0.00
1.61
06:00
2.7
13.8
0.12
1.59
0.00
1.59
07:00
2.9
13.6
0.12
1.57
0.01
1.56
08:00
3.0
13.5
0.12
1.56
0.64
0.92
09:00
3.3
13.2
0.12
1.52
1.62
-0.10
10:00
3.6
12.9
0.12
1.49
3.95
-2.46
11:00
3.9
12.6
0.12
1.45
4.23
-2.78
12:00
4.0
12.5
0.12
1.44
3.30
-1.86
13:00
4.2
12.3
0.12
1.42
2.19
-0.77
14:00
4.3
12.2
0.12
1.40
0.58
0.82
15:00
3.9
12.6
0.12
1.46
0.03
1.43
16:00
3.5
13.0
0.12
1.50
0.00
1.50
17:00
3.0
13.5
0.12
1.55
0.00
1.55
18:00
2.9
13.6
0.12
1.57
0.00
1.57
19:00
2.8
13.7
0.12
1.58
0.00
1.58
20:00
2.7
13.8
0.12
1.59
0.00
1.59
21:00
2.8
13.7
0.12
1.59
0.00
1.59
22:00
2.8
13.7
0.12
1.58
0.00
1.58
23:00
2.9
13.6
0.12
1.57
0.00
1.57
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
-2.50
-3.00
1
3
5
7
9
11 13 15 17 19 21 23
ELECTRIC CAR
Fiat 500e
111-horsepower electric-drive motor
116 miles per gallon
Range of 130-160km (81-99 miles) after one full charge (4 hours at
240 volts)
Fuel consumption rate of 29kWh per 100 miles.
(source : http://images.conceptcarz.com/imgxra/Fiat/Fiat-500eCoupe-Image-028-800.jpg)
ELECTRICAL DEMAND
Assuming electric car is driven on average 50 miles per week (2600 miles per
year) with a fuel consumption rate of 29kWh per 100miles;
29kWh * (2600/100) = 754 kWh/year
RENEWABLE SYSTEMS
Renewable energy sources considered:
Ground Source Heat Pump
Small Wind Energy Converter
Photovoltaic Panels
GROUND SOURCE
Ground Source Heat pumps are
notoriously hard to generate data
for.
Various case studies in cold climates
suggest that ground source heat
pumps can be used to great effect.
However, as sizing a heat pump
system would involve to many
uncertainties, it was decided not to
continue with this energy source.
WIND POWER
The average site wind speed as
specified by NOABL is 5.5m/s at
10m above ground level.
There is an abundance of wind
power to be had at the site.
The situation is made better still by
the fact the turbine will be placed at
the brow of a shallow hill.
TURBINE SELECTION
All turbines are fairly quiet (<45Dba), and receive no noise penalty.
Values are obtained by determining the power in the wind, using the
equation:
WT max Cp AU 3
All values obtained should be considered conservative.
All turbines come with packages including inverters and grid
connections.
All turbines have no cut out speed, and a similar survival speed.
Turbine
Rated
Power
Cp @
5.5m/s
Swept Area
(m2)
Output pa at
5.5m/s
Proven 6
6kW
0.34
23.8
7223kWh
Eoltec Scirocco 6kW
0.35
24.7
7717kWh
Evance R9000
0.36
23.8
7648kWh
5kW
TURBINE SELECTION
Eoltec Scirocco is the best
choice.
Highest power yield
Lowest noise output
Lowest weight
SOLAR POWER
European Commission Joint Research Council rates the site at around 900kW/h per m2
per year. Met Office data is similar to this figure.
Wunderground.com also gives a value obtained from NASA for the site that is in keeping
with this figure, and this data shall be used in calculation of solar gains.
Solar Energy can provide useful power.
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
1.08
2.05
2.85
3.85
4.54
4.37
JULY
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
4.14
3.95
3.27
2.18
1.31
0.76
Total kWh/m2/Year = 1045
Average W/m2 = 119
http://www.wunderground.com/
calculators/solar.html
PANEL SELECTION
Research was undertaken into different types of panel:
Panasonic (Sanyo) HIT system
Sharp ND-R245A6 Polycrystalline Silicon
Sharp NA-E135G5 Thinfilm Microcrystalline
PANEL SELECTION
119 W/m2 is the average irradiance for a year based on the solar
calculator.
It is assumed that the PV panel will be placed at the optimum angle i.e.
35˚
It is assumed that on average the operating temperature will be around
25˚C taking into account the wind speed and air temperature. Output
was determined using the equation:
I tot
P PSTC
1000
1 T 25
The values obtained are considered conservative.
Panel
Max Power
(W)
Irradiance
(W/m2)
Output
(kWh pa)
Output (kWh pa)
for 10 panels
HIT N240
240
119
250
2500
ND-R245A6
245
119
255
2550
NA-E135G5
135
119
141
1410
PANEL SELECTION
Panasonic HIT N240 system is the best choice
Does not require extensive modification
Most efficient at warmer temperatures
Guarantee of 80% effectiveness after 25 years
Low Weight and thin profile
Professional fitting available
THANKS FOR LISTENING
QUESTIONS?