Transcript Section 3: Exploring the Far West

Ch.13 – The US Becomes Stronger
I Can… describe and analyze the territorial
expansion of the US using:
 The LOUISIANA PURCHASE
 LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION
I Can… analyze how physical characteristics of
the environment influenced population and
economic activities using…
 Louisiana Purchase – Where is it? Who is
populating it? Which economic activities are
successful vs. unsuccessful there? Why?
 “Corps of Discovery” – Where is it? Who is
populating it? Which economic activities are
successful vs. unsuccessful there? Why?
Political parties… remember he is Dem. Republican!
ELECTION OF 1800; Jefferson + Burr = 12TH AMENDMENT
* Due to a tie in electoral votes for Jefferson and Burr, Constitution says the
House re-votes for tie-breaker, Jefferson wins (with help from Hamilton!?)… this
issue leads to adopting the 12th Amendment so separate ballots would be
given for P & VP! (Pres. Jefferson, VP Burr 1800; Clinton 1804)
FEDERALIST JUDICIARY worked against Jefferson
* Chief Justice John Marshall (until 1835!) and the judges were appointed by
Adams and were Federalists!
Foreign policy… remember he is anti-war!
STAND AGAINST PIRACY
* The Med. Sea pirate kingdom will end by 1815; first Jefferson and the US
refused to pay bribes and fought against the Barbary (N.African) pirates, later
Britain and Holland will do the same. This allows for peaceful trade with
Europe, Africa and Middle East.
 LOUISIANA
PURCHASE: T.Jefferson and the US purchased
this land from France in 1803; over 800,000 sq. miles of land
west of the Mississippi River which doubled the size of the
US!
 The
West Coast gains attention from Spanish settlements
(pg. 327), British-Canadian explorations and American
trade by sea!
 Great Plains gain attention from the horse-riding Plains
Indians and American settling up to the Mississippi River!
With
the Louisiana Purchase the US gained the
western part of the Mississippi River PLUS all
the land between the Mississippi River and the
Rocky Mountains!
I
Can: describe the purchase of this territory (pg.330)
I Can: analyze how this purchase leads to expansion.
I Can: analyze it’s physical features, population,
economic uses… t.b.c. section 3!
Pg. 329 – our history with Haiti!
 This
is the island of Hispaniola – where Columbus first
landed!
 France

During the French Rev. Haiti revolted and declared their
independence from France (we didn’t help France stop this)!
 Spain

owned western half – today Haiti
owned eastern half – today Dom. Rep.
1865, Spain un-annexes it!
Section 3: Exploring the Far
West
The 1st American Scientific
Expedition
• American expedition that explored beyond
the Mississippi
– Known as the Corps of Discovery…aka the
Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Expected to return w/ detailed info about
•
the land, plants and animals, and the
Indians
Winter 1803- Stay in St. Louis, Missouri
– St. Louis would later become the gateway to
the West
Up the Missouri River
• May 1804- Expedition finally begins
• Lewis and Clark were to explore the
Missouri River and its tributaries
• Hoped to find a water route across the
continent for the purpose of trade
• Oct. 1804- Settle for the winter in the
Mandan Indian camp
On to the Pacific
• Their upriver passage was stopped by the Great
•
Falls of the Missouri
They made contact w/ the Shoshone people in
the Rocky Mtns
– The Shoshone traded them horses and led them to the
Snake River
• Snake flows into the Columbia River which empties into the
Pacific Ocean
• Nov. 1805- Lewis and Clark reach the mouth of the
Columbia River
– Returned to St. Louis the following year
• Expedition reinforced the American claim to the
Pacific NW
Intrigue in the West
2
yrs. later- Zebulon Pike explores the
southern part of the Louisiana Purchase
 His mission was to find the Red River
 Boundary btwn New Spain and Louisiana
 Made it to the Rockies and camped in
the upper Rio Grande valley
 Provided the 1st info in English on the
Great Plains and the Rio Grande Valley
Effects of Exploration
• 1.) Produced the 1st accurate maps of the
Louisiana Purchase
• 2.) Starts the idea that the Plains were
unsuitable for Americans, and that all
Indians should move there
• 3.) Sparked an interest in fur trade which
will lead to American mountain men
adding knowledge of the West as they
search for new routes and game
War of 1812
• War fought btwn US and Britain from 1812-
•
1815 in which the US wins
Causes:
– 1.) British violation of American sea rights
• Captured American ships and cargoes going to
France
– Forced US sailors to join British navy
– 2.) Aid to western Indians
• Allied themselves w/ Tecumseh and his warriors in
Canada
• Effects:
–1.) Quieted Indian
resistance
–2.) Ended the Federalist
Party
Chapter 14: National
Confidence and Economic
Expansion (1815-1850)
Section 1: A Spirit of Nationalism
I CAN…
• 1.) Define Nationalism and its
effects
• 2.) Define Judicial Review using
Marbury vs. Madison
• 3.) Define American System
• 4.) Define National Road and Erie
Canal
The Rise of Nationalism
• After we beat Britain the 2nd time,
Americans got a new sense of
nationalism
–Patriotic pride in your country
•People are proud to be
Americans!!
The American System
• Belief that America should be a self-
sufficient nation that did not need foreign
products or markets
– 3 Parts to the system:
• 1.) Pass tariffs making foreign goods more costly
• 2.) Create a nat’l bank that would strengthen the
financial system
• 3.) Improve transportation to help trade w/in the
country
– 1833- National Road was finished
 Connects Cumberland, Maryland to Columbus, Ohio
The Erie Canal
• An all-water route from NYC to the Great Lakes
– The most successful improvement of the period
• Became the most important route btwn the
Atlantic seaboard and the West
• Opened the upper Ohio Valley and Great Lakes
region to settlement
– Farm products from here flowed east which helped
eastern city populations grow
• Fed by the West, easterners could focus on trade and
manufacturing
– Their goods were bought by westerners
Developing the West
• Improved transportation, quieted Indian
resistance, and sense of restlessness
caused Americans to move west
– Brought 4 new states into the Union in 4 years:
• 1.) Indiana (1816)
• 2.) Mississippi (1817)
• 3.) Illinois (1818)
• 4.) Alabama (1819)
I Can… compare
regions of the US
before 1877 to
same places today to
analyze changes in
land, population,
social and economic
characteristics.
After the War of 1812, the
US gained land from Spain
and dev. a new foreign
policy… what does that mean?
The US gains FL
• All of Spanish South America became
independent from Spain by 1824.
• Trouble cont. for Spain in North America
when Pres. Monroe sent Gen. Jackson to
Florida to seize it from the Indians and
Spain… Spain then sold East and West FL to
the US in 1819 plus gave up their bids in the
Oregon Country!
Monroe Doctrine
• 1823: Informed the powers
of the ‘Old World’ that the
Americas were no longer
open to European
colonization, and that any
effort to extend European
political influence into the
‘New World’ would be
considered by the United
States "as dangerous to our
peace and safety."
– Basically, the doctrine
warned the European
powers “to leave America
for the Americans.”
Today the Monroe Doctrine is still an important part of US foreign policy…
T.Roosevelt strengthened it to protect S.America.
PRESIDENT THOMAS JEFFERSON
1801-1809
1803 - Louisiana Purchase & Ohio a state
1804 - 12th Amendment, Burr/Hamilton duel & Lewis and Clark set out
1805 - Barbary pirates defeated in Tripoli
1806 - Noah Webster's first dictionary & Cumberland Road started
1807 - US slave trade with Africa ends & Robert Fulton invents steamboat
PRESIDENT JAMES MADISON
1809-1817
1811 - First Bank of the United States expires
1812 - War of 1812 begins & LA a state
1814 - Treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812, Hartford Convention, New England
proposes secession
1816 - Second Bank of the United States chartered, establish U.S. Supreme
Court's power to review state court decisions= judicial review! & IN a state
1817 - Harvard Law School founded… MS a state
PRESIDENT JAMES MONROE
1817-1825
1818 - Cumberland Road opened… IL a state
1819 - Panic of 1819 & Adams-Onis Treaty=we get Florida & AL a state
Section 3: The
Industrial
Revolution in
the North
Now Industry…. that
was a revolution
The Industrial Revolution
Began in Britain in the late 1700’s and
started in the textile industry
New inventions would lead to the 1st factory
 Changed the way people lived and worked
1793- Samuel Slater brings the Industrial
Revolution to the US (builds 1st US factory)
 1st factory workers were farming families who
were tired of struggling and moved to the city
in hopes of a better life
The Importance of the Steam
Engine
 Steam
engine carried America into the modern
world by revolutionizing transportation
 Robert Fulton was the 1st to create a successful
steamship, the Clermont
 Henry Miller Shreve designed a more powerful engine,
and installed a double-decker boat w/ the paddle
wheel in the back
 This design opened a new era of trade and transportation on the
Mississippi
 Steamboats made possible speedy, 2-way travel
on America’s rivers and lakes
Railroads Take Over
1830s- Inventors adapted steam
power to the locomotive
Rail transport moved people and
goods faster than roads or canals
Provided transportation where water
travel was impossible
Linked the West more closely w/ the
NE
Ch 14: Nat’l Confidence &
Economic Expansion
14-4: The Changing South
With the invention of the cotton gin, the South became a
one-crop economy = profit, increase in western settlers,
demand for slave labor.
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
• After Industrial Rev. US and European manufacturers
were in demand for cotton but southern workers could
clean just 1 lb. a day by hand…
• 1793 Whitney’s wooden box cotton gin cleaned 50 lbs. a
day!
Cotton gin changed the South in 3 ways:
1. Allowed the non-coastal states to prosper with cotton
plantations – triggers a move westward away from the “old
south” coasts.
2. The South’s prosperity became dependent upon cotton =
½ of all exports by 1830!
3. Cotton required a large work force making slavery more
important than ever.
Cotton, slavery, population, economy
• A small amt. of
southern planters with
50 or more slaves and
large land controlled
the South’s wealth.
• Those same men
were the
Congressional
representatives.
• Small land farmers with
a few slaves followed
their policies in hopes
of gaining their wealth!
• Slaves made up >1/3 of
South’s population…
• >4 million
• As cotton profits rose so did
the price of slaves so slave
traders gained wealth too!
• Slaves had no rights.
• Slaves resisted; they ran
away and sabotaged farms =
harsh southern laws
(black codes)