Transcript Gender Differences in Other Countries

Gender Differences in Other
Countries
Gender Differences in Other
Countries
Measures which shed light on the
differences
Women’s LFPR
Degree of Occupational Segregation by sex
Female-male earning ratios
Women’s educational attainment
Fertility rate
Gender Differences in Other
Countries
Measures which shed light on the
differences (continuation)
The allocation of housework
Women’s role in the government
Women’s standing before the Law
1990
Women
Men
1995to 1997
Women
Men
Africa
59.08
86.12
58.94
84.88
Latin
America/Caribbean
41.48
79.61
46.16
78.26
Asia
47.37
81.47
47.71
80.35
Developed regions
52.12
73.19
51.33
70.16
Labor Force Participation Rate
There appears to be a marked
difference on the LFPR of women
according to the wealth of the Nation
In a work by Kristin Mammen and Christina
Paxson (Journal of Economic Perspective
Vol. 14, No. 4, Fall 2000 pp. 141-164) they
show that LFPR decreases up to about
$2,500 per capita GDP and then Increases
Kristin Mammen and Christina Paxson
LFPR for Females in Different Countries:
AFRICA
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Rep.
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d'Ivoire
Dem. Rep. of the Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
1990
Women
19
74
76
66
78
83
47
43
70
66
63
58
43
62
27
45
76
58
1995to 1997
Women
Men
24
76
73
90
75
85
46
84
77
91
83
93
48
87
45
88
69
89
67
89
63
86
58
84
44
89
Men
76
90
84
60
90
93
86
88
87
88
86
83
88
62
22
46
75
58
85
73
89
87
86
85
73
90
87
86
LFPR for Females in Different Countries:
AFRICA
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
1990
Women
63
69
82
79
57
75
46
54
21
70
80
73
65
35
39
84
1995to 1997
Men
Women
84
63
91
70
82
81
88
78
92
57
90
74
86
47
85
54
81
23
90
69
88
79
90
72
87
64
81
39
80
40
92
83
Men
84
90
83
87
91
89
85
84
78
89
87
90
87
80
79
91
LFPR for Females in Different Countries:
AFRICA
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Reunion
Rwanda
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
United Rep. of
Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
1990
Women
54
70
47
45
84
61
42
64
46
31
40
53
33
81
83
66
67
1995to 1997
Men
Women
82
54
94
70
88
48
67
47
94
85
86
61
85
44
88
64
80
46
87
33
80
41
88
53
80
35
92
81
89
87
86
83
66
67
Men
81
93
87
68
87
86
84
87
79
86
80
87
79
91
89
86
86
LFPR for Females in Different Countries:
1990
Latin America/Caribbean Women
Argentina
29
Bahamas
65
Barbados
60
Belize
24
Bolivia
46
Brazil
44
Chile
32
Colombia
46
Costa Rica
33
Cuba
42
Dominican Republic
34
Ecuador
28
El Salvador
51
Guadeloupe
53
Guatemala
28
Guyana
37
1995to 1997
Men Women
79
41
81
67
76
62
86
34
84
56
85
51
75
35
80
52
83
36
75
47
86
38
85
49
80
41
71
55
90
32
84
40
Men
76
81
73
79
74
82
75
78
81
77
86
81
79
72
88
85
LFPR for Females in Different Countries:
1990
Latin America/Caribbean Women
58
Haiti
34
Honduras
62
Jamaica
55
Martinique
34
Mexico
51
Netherlands Antilles
40
Nicaragua
39
Panama
51
Paraguay
29
Peru
31
Puerto Rico
30
Suriname
38
Trinidad and Tobago
44
Uruguay
38
Venezuela
1995to 1997
Men Women
57
82
41
87
69
77
57
69
39
84
52
74
44
87
43
79
35
83
55
80
35
61
33
74
47
74
47
75
41
82
Men
82
88
81
70
84
68
86
80
87
78
62
64
74
74
81
LFPR for Females in Different Countries:
Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
China
Hong Kong SAR
Macao SAR
Cyprus
Dem. People's
Rep.of Korea
East Timor
Georgia
India
Women
Men
Women
Men
46
63
52
29
66
58
45
82
74
47
53
48
86
76
75
88
88
91
82
84
86
79
84
81
48
62
53
31
56
58
48
76
74
48
55
49
86
74
74
87
89
90
82
82
86
76
79
80
34
48
44
19
38
39
34
53
45
39
44
38
61
76
56
40
79
89
75
86
62
76
55
41
82
89
73
86
44
44
46
31
LFPR for Females in Different Countries:
Asia
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic
Rep. of)
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kazakstan
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Dem.
Rep.
Lebanon
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Occupied
Palestinian
Territory
1990
Women
50
1995to 1997
Men Women
83
53
Men
82
21
15
41
17
61
38
59
81
75
62
76
78
85
74
25
17
46
22
60
39
60
79
75
62
76
76
79
74
74
24
45
66
72
66
56
90
74
82
84
85
89
88
75
27
47
65
73
66
57
89
76
81
83
84
88
86
6
66
8
68
LFPR for Females in Different Countries:
Asia
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syrian Arab
Republic
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkey
Turkmenistan
United Arab
Emirates
Uzbekistan
Viet Nam
Yemen
1990
Women
13
29
48
34
1995to 1997
Men Women
82
16
85
13
82
49
94
35
Men
79
82
82
92
47
15
51
40
74
85
80
79
50
18
51
41
76
82
78
78
24
52
76
34
59
78
74
88
80
78
26
55
67
28
61
78
74
82
74
78
29
59
76
28
91
75
85
81
31
61
75
29
89
74
84
82
LFPR for Females in Different Countries:
1990
Developed regions Women
Albania
Australia
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
1995to 1997
Men
Women
Men
58
52
43
61
37
83
75
69
76
61
59
53
46
59
41
83
72
67
74
61
43
60
59
48
61
62
64
64
46
76
68
76
71
74
75
77
74
64
44
58
57
48
52
59
53
62
47
75
66
73
69
71
72
69
71
62
LFPR for Females in Different Countries:
1990
1995to 1997
Developed regions Women
Germany
44
Greece
35
Hungary
48
Iceland
66
Ireland
36
Italy
36
Japan
50
Latvia
63
Lithuania
60
Luxembourg
34
Malta
23
Netherlands
53
New Zealand
54
Norway
62
Poland
57
Portugal
51
Men Women
70
47
66
36
68
43
82
68
69
42
64
35
77
50
77
52
75
54
68
38
73
25
80
51
74
57
77
68
75
50
74
49
Men
68
63
60
80
68
61
78
69
70
65
72
72
75
78
66
67
LFPR for Females in Different Countries:
1990
Developed regions Women
Republic of
Moldova
61
Romania
52
Russian
Federation
60
Slovakia
63
Slovenia
55
Spain
33
Sweden
71
Switzerland
49
The FYR of
Macedonia
49
Ukraine
57
United Kingdom
53
United States
58
Yugoslavia
50
1995to 1997
Men
Women
Men
75
69
60
58
73
73
76
75
71
68
77
79
59
51
52
38
65
57
74
66
65
64
72
79
73
73
75
76
72
43
57
54
60
50
67
69
72
75
71
Segregation Index
I
n
1
2
M
i 1
i
 Fi
Segregation Index
Where Mi and Fi represent the percent
of males and females working in this
job category respectively
(see page 389)
Re call that
n
M
i 1
n
i
1, and  Fi 1
i 1
Reading and Education also a
Factor
Recall that at during the middle ages and well
into the XIX century women were not allowed
to read
Many stories in different cultures of women
disguised as man to learn how to read
Recall the treatment of women under the
Taliban rule where it against their law to
teach women to read
Illiteracy Rate (%)
80
70
Gender and Year
60
Male-80
50
Male-98
40
Female-80
30
Female-98
20
10
0
Sub-Saharan
Africa
East Asia and
Pacific
South Asia
Europe and
Central Asia
Region
Middle East and
North Africa
Latin American
and Caribbean
FERTILITY
Clearly the more involved the woman is
the act procreation the less ability she
will have to participate in the labor
force
The cultural aspect of fertility is an
important aspect of woman’s LFPR
THE MACHO……
Total Fertility Rates 1970 and 1998
Average Number of Births per
Woman
7
6
5
4
3
2
1970
1
1998
0
SubSaharan
Africa
East Asia South Asia Europe and Middle East
Latin
High Income
and Pacific
Central Asia and North American Countries
Africa
and
Caribbean
Region
Kristin Mammen and Christina Paxson
Women in Government
Golda Mayer, Margaret Thatcher, are
rare exception
The Dole’s
Hillary Clinton
Women of the Senate
Women an the Law
Credit Line
Child in Divorce
Property Rights
Women In Third World Countries
Women in the Maquila Industry
Microcredit
Sex Trade
Genital Mutilation
Philippine Maids
Birth Control
Regan vs Clinton approach