Transcript Title IX - Shepherd University Personal Webpages

Title IX
What is Title IX?
Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendment
• “No person in the United States shall, on the basis
of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied
the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination
under any educational program or activity receiving
federal financial assistance.”
More on Title IX
• Signed into law by President Gerald Ford
in 1972
• Affects Secondary Schools and Colleges
What does Title IX cover?
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Financial Aid/scholarships
Facilities & Housing
Course offering and access
Educational programs/activities
Health Insurance Benefits
Marital & Parental Status
Employment Assistance
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Recruitment
Admissions
Athletics
Counseling
Employment
Why was (and is) Title IX needed?
• Females were frequently denied enrollment in
traditionally male courses and activities.
• Women were denied equal educational and
employment opportunities
• Women like Patsy Takemoto Mink (Rep Hawaii)
were not allowed in medical schools and were
not hired by law firms.
Why was (and is) Title IX needed?
• Girls and women were either not allowed to
participate in sports or to participate in sports
that were not funded at the same level as men’s
sports
Why was (and is) Title IX needed?
• Women did not receive equal pay for equal work
in educational institutions (Teachers & Coaches)
• Women were not in administrative positions in
secondary schools
Why was (and is) Title IX needed?
• Perpetuating traditional gender roles
How has Title IX helped in
Education?
• 1999 – Increase women taking math and science
courses.
• Increase in the rate of women who want to attend
college (surpassed men)
• Women have outnumbered men on college campuses
since 1984
• More women have completed Bachelors Degrees
• Increase in women in Medicine and Law.
What has happened in
classes/athletics because of Title IX
• Classes must be organized on a coeducational
basis
• Sex cannot be the criterion fro groupings in class
• Schools must provide equal opportunities for
both sexes
• Schools and colleges must spend funds in an
equitable manner
What has happened in
classes/athletics because of Title IX
• No discrimination in respect to personnel
standards for employment, promotion, retention,
salaries, recruitment, job classification, or fringe
benefits – based on
– Sex
– Marital status
– Parental status
What has happened in
classes/athletics because of Title IX
• Financial Aid must be awarded equitably – not
because of sex
• Title IX takes precedence over state, local, an
conference regulations
• If an institution receives federal aid – they must
be in compliance
Where has Title IX received the
greatest attention?
Athletics
How does an Athletic Department
comply with Title IX?
• Provide athletic opportunities to females and
males in proportion to their academic enrollment
• Consistently expand enrollment for the
underrepresented gender
• Show it fully and effectively meets the interests
of the gender that is underrepresented
www.now.org/nnt/05-97/titleix.html
How does an Athletic Department
comply with Title IX?
• Colleges must annually submit a report on
athletic participation
• Demonstrate that women have equal opportunity
as a whole – not on an individual basis.
Shepherd College Athletics 2003-2004
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Football
Basketball
Baseball
Soccer
Tennis
Cross Country
Golf
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Volleyball
Basketball
Softball
Soccer
Tennis
Cross Country
Cheerleading
Shepherd College 1972
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Football
Basketball
Baseball
Golf
Swimming
Track
Cross Country
Tennis
• Cheerleading
What positive effects has Title IX had
on Women's sport?
• More women than ever competed in the most
recent Olympics
• Women’s professional Sports
• Increased women’s sports participation in high
school and in colleges
• Increased participation in marching band
Reference: www.now.org/nnt/05-97/titleix.html
What positive effects has Title IX had
on Women's sport?
• Greater variety of activities for women in sport –
no longer just gymnastics, dancing, skating &
cheering
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1655: football
3032: wrestling
1610: baseball
5063: ice hockey
Why do we need to continue to
fight for equal rights for women
in sport?
YES
Benefits of Women participating
in sports.
Women need to know that they
can participate in any activity
They can run a marathon
• (despite years of believing that it was not
physically possible for women
chepchumba
It is important to have fit female
role models
(and respectable)
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You, your daughter, or granddaughter
can go to college for free!
You can get a job in sports!
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Paid to play
Sport journalism
Team management
Coaching
Athlete Representation (Agent)
Athletic Administration
You are dressed for success!
• Healthier, more self confidence, better chance
for success.
• High school athletes get higher grades than nonathletes
• 80% of women leaders in fortune 500 companies
participated in sport as children
Live Longer!
• Physical Activity reduces your risk of stroke,
heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and some
cancers.
• Physically active women lowered their risk of
dying by 20%
Male and Female myths*
• Men have bigger brains and, thus, are
smarter than females
– Women’s heads are generally smaller than
males, however, brain size is not related to
intelligence.
• Myth: Males’ frontal lobe is better
developed than females’ so males must be
smarter.
– there is no difference in the development of
male vs. female frontal lobes.
• Male hormones keep men’s minds cool
and “dry”, thus they have a clever “dry”
wit.
– fact: male hormones have no effect on
the "temperature" of their minds.
• Myth: Females should not be educated
because it drains them of vital
(reproductive?) fluids.
– fact: there is no connection between sex
hormones and fluid levels of the brain.
Title IX insures that women as
well as men, strong, alive
and kicking!