SPECTRUM HARMONISATION IN EUROPE, TRENDS AND TOPICS

Mark Thomas, Director ECO NPT Frekvensforum, Lillesand, 12th September 2012 [email protected]

www.cept.org/eco

The ECC is the part of the CEPT that deals with radio spectrum.

CEPT and ECC

regulatory agencies and/or ministries

ECO

Permanent office of the CEPT: to complement and support its leadership and membership as well as possible = The ‘5 days a week’ job Almost all for the ECC

What I’m going to talk about

• Harmonisation • CEPT; who does what in Europe • Trends in international frequency management and harmonisation • Some present topics

• When do we need rules of the road?

Why harmonise ?

Benefits of international harmonisation

• Economies of scale • Technical efficiency • Consumer convenience

Harmonisation - technical efficiency

When different types of service use the same part of the spectrum, large amounts of land can be sterilised and then can’t be used for either type of service.

• Ja – men til hvilken side?

Drive on the same side of the road?

Du skal køre til højre !

Nej Boney, det gjerer jeg ikkje!

Early wireless....

1927: International

Disorganised chaos becomes organised efficiency

Radiotelegraph Conference (Washington DC, USA) Bands allocated to different services • Fixed, • Maritime • Aeronautical, • Mobile, • Broadcasting • Amateur, • Experimental

Frequency regulators busy harmonising.......

..still at it in 1947....

...and in 2012

Three main players in spectrum regulation in Europe European Commission:

Single market issues Binding regulations through ‘comitology’ procedures with MS

ECC:

Spectrum allocation and technical conditions for its use 48 member countries acting together Technical expertise used by EC

ETSI:

Equipment and system specifications: including ‘spectrum use’ characteristics Recognised standards body for ‘harmonised standards’ Makes ‘System Reference Documents’ which inform and trigger much of the ECC work Largely industry driven; ‘bottom up’

• RSComm • RSPG ‘EU Telecomms package’:

Commission Parliament Council

Radio Spectrum Policy Programme (RSPP)

European Frequency Management Framework

2002 Radio Spectrum Decision Read more at http://apps.cept.org/ eccetsirel/

Role of the ECC in Europe

Consensus and voluntary character: flexible instrument of the national administrations • Technical expertise (2002 Radio Spectrum Decision) • EU mechanisms recognise that most regulatory responsibilities are applied at a national level (European Commission focuses on single market issues) • Range of subjects: ‘high profile’ and ‘low profile’: …all are important • Geographical reach • Information focal point

ECC Strategic Plan

Concentrate on: • Expertise • The European approach to ITU • Cooperation with European Commission • Providing a focal point for information (EFIS etc.) • Cooperation with other bodies

Strong trends in international frequency management and harmonisation - principles

• Auctions • Trading • Sharing versus exclusivity • Technology and application neutrality • Impact of convergence

Strong trends in international frequency management and harmonisation - principles

• Auctions: usual for public mobile, otherwise it is uncommon; no use for some technologies and applications • Trading • Sharing versus exclusivity • Technology and application neutrality • Impact of convergence

Strong trends in international frequency management and harmonisation - principles

• Auctions: usual for public mobile, otherwise it is uncommon; no use for some technologies and applications • Trading: only ‘big stuff’: no interest for general management/change of use • Sharing versus exclusivity • Technology and application neutrality • Impact of convergence

Strong trends in international frequency management and harmonisation - principles

• Auctions: usual for public mobile, otherwise it is uncommon; no use for some technologies and applications • Trading: only ‘big stuff’: no interest for general management/change of use • Sharing versus exclusivity: regulators versus ‘big’ industry?

• Technology and application neutrality • Impact of convergence

Strong trends in international frequency management and harmonisation - principles

• Auctions: usual for public mobile, otherwise it is uncommon; no use for some technologies and applications • Trading: only ‘big stuff’: no interest for general management/change of use • Sharing versus exclusivity: regulators versus ‘big’ industry?

• Technology and application neutrality: 1927 revisited?

• Impact of convergence

Strong trends in international frequency management and harmonisation - principles

• Auctions: usual for public mobile, otherwise it is uncommon; no use for some technologies and applications • Trading: only ‘big stuff’: no interest for general management/change of use • Sharing versus exclusivity: regulators versus ‘big’ industry?

• Technology and application neutrality: 1927 revisited?

• Impact of convergence : influence, not revolution

• Laissez faire versus intervention • Legal risk aversion • Media and public perception • Problems: ”it’s all your fault, not mine” • ”Radio waves are making me ill”.

Behavioural issues

Outside Europe

• Culture and context differ, but trends very similar, led by technological opportunity and consumer demand • Emergence of new regional blocs: Latin America, Africa, Arab • USA innovative with regulation; remains very structured • Asia Pacific a very disparate region, but APT is dynamic • work more based around the ITU framework • big world players: China, Japan, India; all very different from each other

ECC Strategic Plan – priority topics

Concentrate on: • Digital dividend • Cognitive radio • Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) • Innovation above 40 MHz • Numbering and naming • Improve its own working processes

• Digital dividend • Cognitive radio • Broadcasting • Short Range Devices • Numbering and naming

ECC website topics

Radio Spectrum Policy Programme – Main Topics

• Mobile broadband • Spectrum Inventory • Public protection and disaster relief (internal market) • Electricty production and distribution (Green...) • Wireless microphones and cameras • Foster different modes of spectrum sharing • Spectrum Trading (where flexible use available)

Some topics with big public impact

• Mobile broadband • Broadcasting • Cognitive radio • Public protection and disaster relief • Short range devices

ECC addreses big public topics

• Mobile broadband -

ECC PT1 (and WG FM) very busy

• Broadcasting -

‘PMSE’ only live topic

• Cognitive radio –

WG FM Correspondence group; SE43

• Public protection and disaster relief –

FM49

• Short range devices –

SRD-MG

Hard facts – the growth of mobile broadband

Feb 2008 Jul 2009 Nov 2010

Source: internal PT1 report, Sept 2011

800 MHz Digital Dividend 900MHz GSM -> ECS Band 1800MHz GSM -> ECS band 2100 MHz IMT (-> ECS) 2600 MHz IMT (->ECS) 3.4-3.6-3.8 BWA -> mobile

RSPP: ”find 1200 MHz bandwidth”

Harmonised bands for mobile broadband

up to 60-65 MHz 50-70 MHz 150 MHz 160 MHz 190 MHz 400 MHz

• 1 in 5 viewers still use Terrestrial TV in Norway..or is that ‘only’ 20%?

Broadcasting

How do you eat salami ?

Radio – going digital but no revolution

Cognitive Radio

ECC workshop, Mainz May 2012, concluded: • Large interest and commitment • More regulatory work needed for geolocation (harmonised approach needed) • Geolocation feasible – more regulatory work needed: ( ‘keep it simple’) • Business model still uncertain, but it will emerge • Divided opinion on ‘general’ v. ‘specific scenario’ regulation • Main applications all seem to have cheaper alternatives, but this is quite likely to change - localised Wi-Fi; M2M; rural broadband

Public protection and disaster relief

• For predictable events and unpredictable ones • TETRA established for PPDR in Europe, typically ‘narrrow band for voice and some data’ • New requirement is for wideband access for ‘video from the scene’, and local LANs ‘at the scene’ • Recognised requirement in RSPP

• Mobile broadband is about more than UHF...

• Cognitive Radio is about more than UHF • Broadcasting is about more than UHF • PPDR is about more than UHF But in spectrum politics, UHF is the big issue

UHF frequencies

Short range devices

Main trends in 5th review of EC Decision: • Old arrangement – many narrow frequency blocks • New arrangements – more emphasis on wider, more generic blocks, with similar technical characteristics • Make more use of low latency • Primitive ‘cognitive’ elements – notably location databases

Participating in ECC work: where to start

www.cept.org/ecc

What we’ve covered

• •

CEPT, ECC and ECO Harmonisation

: necessary but not so simple • •

Europe

: the roles of ECC, ETSI and the EC

Trends in Spectrum management: principles

• Trends in spectrum management:

behaviour

•

Outside Europe

: more similarities than differences • Some ‘big’

topics

; feeding the iPhones and much more [email protected]

www.cept.org/eco